1972 Republican National Convention

{{Short description|Political convention of the Republican Party}}

{{Infobox National Political Convention

| logo = 1972 RNC (1).png

| logo_size = 200px

| year = 1972

| party = Republican

| date = August 21–23, 1972

| image = RP1972.png

| image_size = 125

| image2 = RV1972.png

| image_size2 = 125

| caption = Nominees
Nixon and Agnew

| venue = Miami Beach Convention Center

| city = Miami Beach, Florida

| keynote_speaker = Anne Armstrong

| presidential_nominee = Richard M. Nixon

| presidential_nominee_state = California

| vice_presidential_nominee = Spiro T. Agnew

| vice_presidential_nominee_state = Maryland

| previous_year = 1968

| next_year = 1976

}}

The 1972 Republican National Convention was held from August 21 to August 23, 1972, at the Miami Beach Convention Center in Miami Beach, Florida. It nominated President Richard M. Nixon and Vice President Spiro T. Agnew for reelection. The convention was chaired by House minority leader and future Nixon successor Gerald Ford of Michigan. It was the fifth time that Nixon had been nominated on the Republican ticket for vice president (1952 and 1956) or president (1960 and 1968). Nixon's five appearances on his party's ticket matched the major-party American standard of Franklin D. Roosevelt, a Democrat who had been nominated for vice president once (in 1920) and president four times (in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944). Nixon was the first Republican to be nominated three times for president—the second being Donald Trump in 2016, 2020, and 2024.

The convention was the first Republican convention scheduled for only three days since 1944, joining only the 2012 Democratic National Convention as the only conventions in modern convention history to be scheduled for three days.

Site selection

File:Miami Beach FL Convention Center01.jpg was the site of the 1972 Republican National Convention]]

San Diego, California, had originally been selected as host city for the convention on July 23, 1971, with the event expected to take place at the San Diego Sports Arena. Columnist Jack Anderson discovered a memo written by Dita Beard, a lobbyist for the International Telephone and Telegraph Corp., suggesting that the company could pledge $400,000 for the San Diego bid if the Department of Justice would settle its antitrust case against ITT.{{cite news |first=Vincent S. |last=Ancona |work=The Journal of San Diego History |publisher=San Diego Historical Society |title=When the Elephants Marched Out of San Diego |url=http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/1992/october/elephants/ |date=Fall 1992 |volume=38 |issue=4 |access-date=July 19, 2016}}{{cite news |work=Time Magazine |title=The Nation: The ITT Controversy Revisited |url=https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,907661-1,00.html |date=13 August 1973 |access-date=August 25, 2023}} Fearing scandal, and citing labor and cost concerns, the GOP transferred the event—scarcely three months before it was to begin—to Miami Beach, Florida, also the host city of the Democratic National Convention. It was the sixth and last time that both national party conventions were held in the same city; Chicago had hosted double conventions in 1884, 1932, 1944 and 1952, and Philadelphia in 1948.{{cite encyclopedia|title=Political Conventions|first=R. Craig|last=Sautter|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Chicago| url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/986.html}} The Republican convention did not come to San Diego until 1996.

Speeches

The convention set a new standard, as it was scripted as a media event to an unprecedented degree.{{cite news|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2519/is_6_25/ai_n6142582 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050421025042/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2519/is_6_25/ai_n6142582 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2005-04-21 |title=Behind the Balloons |work=Campaigns & Elections|date=July 2004 |author=Costas Panagopoulos}}

The keynote address by Anne Armstrong of Texas, was the first national convention keynote delivered by a woman.{{cite news| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/30/AR2008073002605.html | newspaper=The Washington Post | title=Leading Texas Republican Anne Armstrong | first=Joe | last=Holley | date=July 31, 2008 | access-date=April 20, 2010}}

File:Pat Nixon speaking at Republican National Convention.jpg addresses the convention. She was the first First Lady since Eleanor Roosevelt to address a party convention, and the first Republican First Lady to do what is now considered common practice.]]

First Lady Pat Nixon became the first Republican First Lady, and the first First Lady in over 25 years, to address a party's national convention. Her speech set the standard for future convention speeches by political spouses. Republican First Ladies Nancy Reagan, Barbara Bush, Laura Bush and Melania Trump, among others, have all followed in this tradition. Democratic First Ladies Hillary Clinton, Michelle Obama, and Jill Biden have also followed in this tradition

Balloting

Nixon easily turned back primary challenges from the right, in the person of Representative John M. Ashbrook of Ohio and, from the left, Representative Pete McCloskey of California. However, under New Mexico state law, McCloskey had earned one delegate, which the convention refused to seat, fearing that the delegate might put McCloskey's name in nomination and deliver an anti-war speech. Congressman (and delegate) Manuel Lujan of New Mexico, a staunch Nixon supporter, honored state law by voting for McCloskey himself. The final result was that Nixon received 1,347 votes to one for McCloskey and none for Ashbrook. Throughout the precisely scripted convention, delegates chanted "Four more years! Four more years!"{{cite magazine| title=A New Majority for Four More Years?| magazine=Time| date=1972-09-04| url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910380-1,00.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114084323/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910380-1,00.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=January 14, 2009}}

Spiro Agnew was renominated for vice president with 1,345 votes against one vote for NBC television journalist David Brinkley and two abstentions.Andrews, Robert M. [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tribune-nixon-and-agnew-renominated/124462658/ "Slashes McGovern, Asks Democrats to Join New Majority Audience Is Urged to Reject Politics of Paternalism"], The Scranton Tribune, August 24, 1972. Accessed May 11, 2023, via Newspapers.com. "Agnew, greeted by foot-stomping, wildly cheering delegates, received 1,345 of the conventions 1,348 votes. One vote went to NBC television commentator David Brinkley, and there were two abstentions."

Protest activity

File:Vietnam war protestors during 1972 Republican National Convention - Miami, Florida.jpg

The convention was targeted for widespread protests, particularly against the Vietnam War,{{Cite news |last=Kifner |first=John |date=August 23, 1972 |title=WAR FOES HARASS G.O.P. DELEGATES |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/23/archives/war-foes-harass-gop-delegates-3000-miami-demonstrators-at.html |access-date=September 15, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}} and the Nixon administration made efforts to suppress it. This tension was captured by Top Value Television in the independent documentary Four More Years, which juxtaposes shots of the protests outside the convention with the internal politics of the convention. A day after the convention, The New York Times reported that 900 demonstrators had been arrested, and the police reported that 52 people, including 12 policemen, had been injured.{{Cite news |last=Kifner |first=John |date=August 24, 1972 |title=Police Seize 900 In Miami Beach |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/24/archives/police-seize-900-in-miami-beach-use-stinging-gas-to-scatter.html |access-date=September 15, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}

In 2005, files released under a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit revealed that the Federal Bureau of Investigation monitored former Beatle John Lennon after he was invited to play for Yippie protests. The surveillance of Lennon later concluded that he was not a dangerous revolutionary, as he was "constantly under the influence of narcotics."{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}} The Justice Department indicted Scott Camil, John Kniffen, Alton Foss, Donald Perdue, William Patterson, Stan Michelsen, Peter Mahoney and John Briggs—collectively known as the Gainesville Eight—on charges of conspiracy to disrupt the convention, but all were exonerated.

Oliver Stone's film Born on the Fourth of July, based on Ron Kovic's autobiography of the same name, depicts Kovic and fellow Vietnam Veterans Against the War activists Bobby Muller, Bill Wieman and Mark Clevinger being spat upon at the convention.[http://justoneminute.typepad.com/main/2005/05/who_spat_on_who.html JustOneMinute: Who Spat On Whom?] The scene did not appear in Kovic's autobiography but was taken almost directly from a documentary film created the 1972 Republican Convention titled Operation Last Patrol by filmmaker and actor Frank Cavestani and photo journalist Catherine Leroy.{{fact|date=January 2024}}

References

=Bibliography=

Ancona, Vincent S. [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/92fall/elephants.htm When the Elephants Marched Out of San Diego: The 1972 Republican Convention Fiasco], The Journal of San Diego History, Fall 1992, Volume 38, Number 4
"[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312025854/http://edition.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/09/22/lennon.fbi/ Lennon 'too stoned to pose threat']," September 22, 2005, retrieved from CNN.com December 14, 2005.
Kirkpatrick, Jeane J., "[https://web.archive.org/web/20051214204452/http://www.aei.org/publications/pubID.19097/pub_detail.asp Representation in the American National Conventions: The Case of 1972]," British Journal of Political Science, July 1, 1975. Available as a PDF courtesy of the American Enterprise Institute

External links

[http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=25842 Republican Party platform of 1972] at The American Presidency Project
[http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=3537 Nixon nomination acceptance speech for President at RNC] (transcript) at The American Presidency Project
Nixon, Richard "[https://web.archive.org/web/20051218083632/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/shownomination.php?convid=18 Remarks on Accepting the Presidential Nomination of the Republican National Convention]," August 23, 1972. Provided by the American Presidency Project, University of California, Santa Barbara.
Four More Years, TVTV Documentary [https://web.archive.org/web/20071025064543/http://www.mediaburn.org/Video-Preview.128.0.html?&aaa=12&flagg=2&uid=4414 MediaBurn.org: Video Preview]
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gYxkde0itOE Video of Nixon nomination acceptance speech for President at RNC (via YouTube)]
[http://convert2mp3.net/en/index.php?p=tags&id=youtube_gYxkde0itOE&key=b4k8CBSqEnrt Audio of Nixon nomination acceptance speech for President at RNC]{{Dead link|date=February 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZ59CBrwSmg Video of Agnew nomination acceptance speech for Vice President at RNC (via YouTube)]

{{Sequence|

prev=1968
Miami Beach, Florida|

list=Republican National Conventions|

next=1976
Kansas City, Missouri}}

Category:1972 United States presidential election

Republican National Convention, 1972

Category:Republican National Conventions

Category:1972 in Florida

Category:Republican Party (United States) events in Florida

Category:1972 conferences

Category:August 1972 in the United States

Category:Political conventions in Florida