1978 Berwick and East Lothian by-election
{{Short description|1978 UK parliamentary by-election}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2013}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1978 Berwick and East Lothian by-election
| type = parliamentary
| country = United Kingdom
| seats_for_election = Constituency of Berwick and East Lothian
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = October 1974 United Kingdom general election
| previous_year = Oct. 1974
| next_election = 1979 United Kingdom general election
| next_year = 1979
| election_date = 26 October 1978
| candidate1 = John Home Robertson
| image1 = x160px
| party1 = Labour Party (UK)
| popular_vote1 = 20,530
| percentage1 = 47.4%
| swing1 = {{increase}}4.1%
| candidate2 = Margaret Marshall
| image2 = x160px
| party2 = Conservative Party (UK)
| popular_vote2 = 17,418
| percentage2 = 40.2%
| swing2 = {{increase}}2.6%
| candidate3 = Isobel Lindsay
| image3 = x160px
| party3 = Scottish National Party
| popular_vote3 = 3,799
| percentage3 = 8.8%
| swing3 = {{decrease}}4.4%
| map_image =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| title = MP
| before_election = John Mackintosh
| before_party = Labour Party (UK)
| after_election = John Home Robertson
| after_party = Labour Party (UK)
| turnout =
}}
The 1978 Berwick and East Lothian by-election was a by-election held for the House of Commons constituency of Berwick and East Lothian in Scotland on 26 October 1978. It was one of two UK parliamentary by-elections held on that day, and was won by the Labour Party candidate John Home Robertson.
Vacancy
The seat had become vacant when the Labour Member of Parliament (MP), John Mackintosh had died at the age of 48 on 30 July 1978. He had held the seat since the October 1974 general election,[http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/ge74b/i02.htm October 1974 general election results] at Richard Kimber's political science resources having previously been MP for the seat between 1966 and the February 1974 election.[http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/ge74a/i02.htm February 1974 general election results] at Richard Kimber's political science resources
Candidates
The Labour candidate was 29-year-old John Home Robertson, a farmer who had been a member of Berwickshire District Council since 1974. The Conservative Party candidate was Margaret Marshall. The Liberals selected Tam Glen.
The Scottish National Party (SNP) fielded Isobel Lindsay. The SNP national leadership chose her as the candidate, which party rules entitled them to do, but tension arose locally from the choice not to endorse the person who the local SNP organisation had selected to fight the next general election.
On the eve of the poll the Conservatives, including Margaret Marshall, reportedly had high hopes of victory and the Glasgow Herald predicted that failure to win the seat would be 'seen as in many quarters as an unmitigated disaster' for the Conservative Party in Scotland.{{cite news|last1=Clark William|title=Tories get scent of a 'famous victory'|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=GGgVawPscysC&dat=19781026&printsec=frontpage&hl=en|accessdate=8 January 2018|work=The Glasgow Herald|date=26 October 1978}} Labour however felt the SNP vote would be reduced with many SNP voters switching to them. John Home Robertson talked of making the seat safe for Labour, but others in the party were described as being 'wary of their chances'. Isobel Lindsay expected to increase the SNP vote, while Tam Glen also was confident that the Liberal vote would rise.
Result
The result was a victory for Robertson, with an increased majority of 3,112 votes. This was well against the general trend of by-elections in the 1974-79 Parliament, which had been against Labour. It also saw a decline in the SNP vote, continuing a trend at a few other elections earlier in the year. Lindsay and Glen lost their deposits.
Robertson held the seat until its abolition for the 1983 general election, when he was returned for the new East Lothian constituency. He went on to represent the Scottish Parliament constituency of East Lothian.
Votes
{{Election box begin |
|title=Berwick and East Lothian by-election, 1978{{cite web|url=http://by-elections.co.uk/78.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314034520/http://by-elections.co.uk/78.html|title=1978 By Election Results|archive-date=2012-03-14|url-status=dead|access-date=2015-09-17}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = John Home Robertson
|votes = 20,530
|percentage = 47.4
|change = +4.1
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = Margaret Marshall
|votes = 17,418
|percentage = 40.2
|change = +2.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Scottish National Party
|candidate = Isobel Lindsay
|votes = 3,799
|percentage = 8.8
|change = −4.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Tam Glen
|votes = 1,543
|percentage = 3.6
|change = −2.3
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,112
|percentage = 7.2
|change = +1.5
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 43,290
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Labour Party (UK)
|swing = +0.8
}}
{{Election box end}}
Previous election
{{Election box begin |
|title=General election October 1974: Berwick and East Lothian
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Labour Party (UK)
|candidate = John Mackintosh
|votes = 20,682
|percentage = 43.3
|change = +1.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = Michael Ancram
|votes = 17,942
|percentage = 37.6
|change = -5.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Scottish National Party
|candidate = R. Macleod
|votes = 6,323
|percentage = 13.2
|change = -1.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = C.F. Lawson
|votes = 2,811
|percentage = 5.9
|change = New
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 2,740
|percentage = 5.7
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 47,758
|percentage = 80.8
|change = -5.0
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Labour Party (UK)
|loser = Conservative Party (UK)
|swing = +3.4
}}
{{Election box end}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
{{By-elections to the 47th UK Parliament}}
{{Westminster by-elections in Scotland 1950-present}}
Category:By-elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom in Scottish constituencies
Berwick and East Lothian by-election
Category:1970s elections in Scotland
Berwick and East Lothian by-election
Category:Politics of East Lothian