1980 in the Soviet Union

{{redirect|Russia 1980|the Olympic Games held in Moscow|1980 Summer Olympics}}

The following lists events that happened during 1980 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Incumbents

General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: Leonid Brezhnev (1964–1982){{cite book | author = Chubarov, Alexander | year = 2003 | title = Russia's Bitter Path to Modernity: A History of the Soviet and post-Soviet Eras | publisher = Continuum International Publishing Group | isbn = 978-0826413505 | ref = CITEREFChubarov2003 | url = https://archive.org/details/russiasbitterpat0000chub | page=60}}
Premier of the Soviet Union: Alexei Kosygin (1964–1980), Nikolai Tikhonov (1980–1985)

19 July–3 August – The Olympics take place in Moscow.{{cite book |last1=Bell |first1=Daniel |title=Encyclopedia of International Games |date=17 March 2016 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-1527-1 |page=519 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjPECwAAQBAJ&pg=PA519 |language=en}}
Soviet–Afghan War

20 February – Zurab Yevloyev, former Russian professional football player{{FootballFacts.ru|5594}}
4 May – Mikhail Tsvetkov, Russian high jumper
12 June – Denys Monastyrsky, Ukrainian politician (died 2023)
22 June – Ilya Bryzgalov, former Russian ice hockey player
20 September – Vladimir Karpets, Russian cyclist

1 March – Daniil Khrabrovitsky, film director (born 1923)
9 March – Nikolay Bogolyubov, actor (born 1899)
11 March – Mikhail Kaufman, cinematographer and photographer (born 1897)
11 April – Yakov Zarobyan, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia (1960–1966) (born 1908)
7 July – Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia (born 1901)
17 July – Boris Delaunay, mathematician (born 1890)
20 July – Lado Gudiashvili, painter (born 1896)
25 July – Vladimir Vysotsky, singer-songwriter, poet and actor (born 1938)
4 October – Pyotr Masherov, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Byelorussia (1965–1980) (born 1918)
20 November – Avtandil Gogoberidze, football player (born 1922)
18 December – Alexei Kosygin, Premier of the Soviet Union (1964–1980) (born 1904)
Date unknown
Akaki Mgeladze, First Secretary of the Georgian Communist Party (1952–1953) (born 1910)