1987 Gulf Coast tropical storm

{{Infobox weather event

| name = Tropical Storm Two

| image = 02L 1987-08-10 1400Z.png

| caption = The unnamed storm weakening over Texas on August 10

| formed = August 9, 1987

| dissipated = August 17, 1987

}}{{Infobox weather event/NWS

| winds = 40

| pressure = 1007

}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects

| year = 1987

| missing = 1

| damage = 7400000

| areas = Gulf Coast of the United States

| refs =

}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer

| season = 1987 Atlantic hurricane season

}}

The 1987 Gulf Coast tropical storm caused flooding along the Gulf Coast of the United States. The second tropical cyclone and first tropical storm of the 1987 Atlantic hurricane season, it originated from a tropical wave in the Gulf of Mexico, southeast of Texas, on August 9. Initially a tropical depression, the cyclone moved north-northwestward and slightly intensified into a tropical storm later that day. By August 10, it made landfall between Galveston and Beaumont. The system weakened after moving inland and turned towards the east and later southeast. Briefly reemerging over the Gulf on August 15, the depression moved onshore a second time in Florida, before dissipating over eastern Georgia on August 17.

Due to the relatively weak nature of the system, it caused relatively little damage. However, the system dropped heavy rainfall, peaking at {{convert|21.05|in|mm}} in southern Mississippi. This resulted in flooding, which forced more than 400 people to evacuate their homes, some of which had {{convert|2|to|4|ft|m}} of water. Flash flooding was reported in a few others states, including Alabama, Florida, and Louisiana. In all, losses from the unnamed storm reached $7.4 million (1987 USD) and one person was reported missing after being thrown overboard a boat in rough seas.

Meteorological history

On July 29, 1987, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa into the Atlantic Ocean. Tracking westward along the southern edge of the Saharan Air Layer, a feature associated with large masses of dry air, little convective development took place over the following several days. Once near the Lesser Antilles in early August, atmospheric conditions became more favorable for development. Traveling across the Caribbean, the system became increasingly organized and a mid-level circulation formed shortly before the wave moved inland over Central America on August 7. The following day, the northern portion of the wave interacted with a cold-core low over the Gulf of Mexico, resulting in the formation of a low-level circulation, exhibiting tropical characteristics, on August 9. Over the following two days, the system tracked in a general north-northwest direction towards the Texas coastline. Aided by an anticyclone aloft, outflow became pronounced and convection increased in coverage and intensity. Around 1200 UTC, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) estimated that the system developed into a tropical depression while located about 145 miles (235 km) south-southeast of Galveston, Texas.{{cite report|author=Harold P. Gerrish|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=November 18, 1987|access-date=July 15, 2011|title=Preliminary Report: Unnamed Tropical Storm 9 to 17 August 1987|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1987-prelim/unnamed/prelim01.gif|page=1|location=Miami, Florida}}

Hours after being classified a tropical depression, the convective structure of the system deteriorated, a sign of a weakening storm; however, nearby oil rigs indicated a gradual increase in winds. Later on August 9, several rigs reported tropical storm-force winds – winds greater than 39 mph (63 km/h) – and the NHC estimated that the depression strengthened into a tropical storm. Operationally, however, these winds were considered to be related to local convective activity rather than the storm itself and it was not considered to be a tropical storm until post-storm analysis. As such, it was not named and is officially classified as "Unnamed Tropical Storm." Additionally, the strongest winds were located well away from the center of circulation, a signature of subtropical cyclones.{{cite report|author=Harold P. Gerrish|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=November 18, 1987|access-date=July 15, 2011|title=Preliminary Report: Unnamed Tropical Storm 9 to 17 August 1987|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1987-prelim/unnamed/prelim02.gif|page=2|location=Miami, Florida}}

Remaining relatively weak, the unnamed system attained peak winds of 45 mph (75 km/h) before making landfall along the Texas coastline between Galveston and Beaumont at 0600 UTC on August 10.{{cite report |author=Harold P. Gerrish|date=November 18, 1987|access-date=July 15, 2011|title=Preliminary Best Track, Unnamed Tropical Storm, 9–17 August, 1987|url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1987-prelim/unnamed/prelim05.gif|page=5|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|location=Miami, Florida}} Once over land, the storm weakened to a tropical depression as it neared the Texas-Louisiana border and began a gradual turn towards the east-southeast. On August 12, while over central Mississippi, the cyclone attained its lowest barometric pressure of {{convert|1007|mbar|inHg|abbr=on|lk=on}}. On August 15, the low emerged back over the Gulf of Mexico after crossing the Florida Panhandle. No redevelopment took place during its brief time back over water before making its final landfall near St. Marks, Florida the following day. The depression gradually diminished before losing its identity over eastern Georgia on August 17.

Preparations and impact

File:August_TS_1987_rainfall.gif

Due to the system's proximity to land upon being declared a tropical depression and subsequent intensity uncertainties, the unnamed storm posed several challenges to forecasters that "vividly illustrated limitations that are of major concern at the National Hurricane Center."{{cite report|author=Harold P. Gerrish|work=National Hurricane Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|date=November 18, 1987|access-date=March 24, 2013|title=Forecast and Warning Technique |url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1987-prelim/unnamed/prelim03.gif|page=3|location=Miami, Florida}} With operational forecasters noting the possibility of intensification, the first-ever tropical storm warning was issued along the northern Gulf Coast between Matagorda, Texas and Morgan City, Louisiana on August 9. Prior to 1987, gale warnings were issued in areas where winds above 39 mph (63 km/h) were anticipated. This warning was later discontinued on August 10 once the system moved inland and weakened. The United States Coast Guard advised ships to seek harbor to avoid large swells associated with the cyclone. Additionally, some non-essential workers were evacuated from offshore rigs.{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|date=August 10, 1987|access-date=March 24, 2013|title=Year's first tropical storm sighted|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XolQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=kRIEAAAAIBAJ&dq=tropical%20depression&pg=4222%2C2327706|location=Miami, Florida|page=2}} By August 13, several flash flood watches were in place over portions of Mississippi, Alabama and Florida as remnants of the unnamed system slowly moved through the region.{{cite news|agency=United Press International|newspaper=Mohave Daily Miner|date=August 13, 1987|access-date=July 16, 2011|title=Weather: Nation|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=s2ELAAAAIBAJ&sjid=l1IDAAAAIBAJ&dq=columbia%20flood&pg=6484%2C5340751|page=12}}

Throughout the United States, damage from the tropical storm amounted to $7.4 million, the majority of which resulted from flooding.{{cite journal|url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1987.pdf|author=Robert A. Case and Harold P. Gerrish|journal=Monthly Weather Review|publisher=Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory|date=April 1988|volume=116|issue=4|pages=939–949|title=Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1987|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<0939:AHSO>2.0.CO;2|bibcode = 1988MWRv..116..939C | access-date=March 24, 2013|location=Miami, Florida}} Offshore, a woman was reported missing after she was thrown off her boat amidst rough seas produced by the storm.{{cite news|author=Peter Rowe|newspaper=The Bryan Times|date=August 10, 1987|access-date=July 16, 2011|title=Tropical storm weakens in Gulf|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZrBPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wFEDAAAAIBAJ&dq=tropical%20depression&pg=6608%2C3479610|page=3}} The system produced rainfall across a large swath of the southern states, with many areas recording more than {{convert|5|in|mm|abbr=on}}. Though it made landfall in Texas, the system's asymmetric structure led to relatively little rain falling in the state, peaking at {{convert|4.25|in|mm|abbr=on}} in Umbarger.{{cite report|author=David M. Roth|publisher=Weather Prediction Center|year=2012|access-date=March 24, 2013|title=Tropical Cyclone Rainfall for the Gulf Coast|url=http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/tcgulfcoast.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110721055926/http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/tcgulfcoast.html| archive-date=July 21, 2011|location=College Park, Maryland}} In parts of Louisiana, many streets were left impassable by high waters, creating widespread traffic delays.{{cite news|author=Unattributed|newspaper=The Advocate|date=August 12, 1987|access-date=July 16, 2011|title=Heavy rains flood many EBR streets|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AD&p_theme=ad&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4747E70859F34&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|location=Baton Rouge, Louisiana}} The most significant impact took place in southern Mississippi where rainfall in excess of {{convert|12|in|mm|abbr=on}}, peaking at {{convert|21.06|in|mm|abbr=on}} in Vancleave, caused significant flash flooding, especially along the Biloxi and Tchoutacabouffa Rivers. The former of these experienced a record crest of {{convert|16.8|ft|m|abbr=on}}. More than 400 people were forced to evacuate due to rising water across the region as several homes were inundated with {{convert|2|to|4|ft|m|abbr=on}} of water. In Columbia, {{convert|12.2|in|mm|abbr=on}} of rain fell in just eight hours, triggering flash floods that washed away a portion of a small dam. Further east in Baldwin County, Alabama and Pensacola, Florida, many roads ere closed or left impassable due to high water.{{cite news|author=Unattributed|publisher=The Gainesville Sun|date=August 14, 1987|access-date=July 16, 2011|title=Rains flood several states|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Wj5WAAAAIBAJ&sjid=COoDAAAAIBAJ&dq=flood&pg=3622%2C3790575|page=2A}} Additionally, the system spawned a brief tornado in Mobile County but no damage resulted from it.{{cite report|url=http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/allhurricanes.htm|title=List of Known Tropical Cyclones Which Have Spawned Tornadoes|author=Tom Grazulis and Bill McCaul|year=2008|publisher=The Tornado Project|access-date=May 28, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110603232950/http://www.tornadoproject.com/alltorns/allhurricanes.htm| archive-date= June 3, 2011 | url-status= live}}{{cite report|url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS-9E6E7E1B-6E9A-4C6C-94B7-FDFFE0059717.pdf|title=Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena: August 1987|author=J. D. Ziemianski and S. C. Lackey|work=National Climatic Data Center|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|page=22|access-date=March 24, 2013|location=Asheville, North Carolina}}{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}