1988 Tour de France
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox cycling race report
| name = 1988 Tour de France
| image = Route of the 1988 Tour de France.png
| image_caption = Route of the 1988 Tour de France
| image_size = 360 px
| date = 4–24 July 1988
| stages = 22
| distance = 3286
| unit = km
| time = 84h 27' 53"
| first = Pedro Delgado
| first_nat = ESP
| first_team = {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}}
| first_color = yellow
| second = Steven Rooks
| second_nat = NED
| second_team = {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}}
| third = Fabio Parra
| third_nat = COL
| third_team = {{UCI team code|KEL|1988}}
| points = Eddy Planckaert
| points_nat = BEL
| points_team = {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}}
| points_color = green
| mountains = Steven Rooks
| mountains_nat = NED
| mountains_team = {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}}
| mountains_color = polkadot
| youth = Erik Breukink
| youth_nat = NED
| youth_team = {{UCI team code|PSC|1988}}
| youth_color = white
| combination = Steven Rooks
| combination_nat = NED
| combination_team = {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}}
| combination_color = combined
| sprints = Frans Maassen
| sprints_nat = NED
| sprints_team = {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}}
| sprints_color = red
| team = {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}}
| teampoints = {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}}
| combativity = Jérôme Simon
| combativity_nat = FRA
| combativity_team = {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}}
| previous = 1987
| next = 1989
}}
The 1988 Tour de France was the 75th edition of the Tour de France, taking place from 4 to 24 July. It consisted of 22 stages over {{convert|3286|km|0|abbr=on}}. The race was won by Pedro Delgado with the top three positions at the end of the race being occupied by specialist climbers. This Tour was nearly 1,000 km shorter than the previous few editions, which were over 4,000 km, but by no means easier as it included five consecutive mountain stages including a mountain time trial.
The points classification was won by Eddy Planckaert, while Steven Rooks won the mountains classification and the combination classification. The young rider classification was won by Erik Breukink, and Frans Maassen won the intermediate sprints classification. Both team classifications were won by the PDM team. During the race, Delgado failed a doping test, but because the product was not yet on the doping list from the Union Cycliste International, he was not penalised.
Teams
{{main list|List of teams and cyclists in the 1988 Tour de France}}
The UCI had also introduced a rule that limited the number of cyclists in a race to 200. In 1987, the Tour had started with 207 cyclists, so because of this rule, the number of teams in the 1988 Tour was reduced from 23 to 22, of 9 riders, a total of 198. 22 teams were announced two weeks before the Tour.{{cite web|url=http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010611293%3Ampeg21%3Ap023%3Aa0334|title=TVM-ploeg derde reserve Tour|language=nl|publisher=Koninklijke Bibliotheek|work=Limburgsch Dagblad|date=16 June 1988|page=23|access-date=28 December 2013|archive-date=30 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230232938/http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010611293%3Ampeg21%3Ap023%3Aa0334|url-status=dead}} The Tour organisation named three reserve teams, in case one of the 22 teams was unable to start: Postobón–Ryalcao, Roland–Colnago and {{UCI team code|TVM|1988}}.
Of the 198 cyclists starting the race, 42 were riding the Tour de France for the first time.{{cite web|title=Tour de France 1988 – Debutants|url=https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1988/gc/startlist/debutants|website=ProCyclingStats|access-date=24 March 2020}} The average age of riders in the race was 27.56 years,{{cite web|title=Tour de France 1988 – Peloton averages|url=https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1988/gc/startlist/general-peloton-averages|website=ProCyclingStats|access-date=24 March 2020}} ranging from the 21-year-old Jean-Claude Colotti ({{UCI team code|RMO|1988}}) to the 39-year-old Hennie Kuiper ({{UCI team code|Sigma|1988}}).{{cite web|title=Tour de France 1988 – Youngest competitors|url=https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1988/gc/startlist/youngest-competitors|website=ProCyclingStats|access-date=24 March 2020}} The {{UCI team code|Artiach|1988}} cyclists had the youngest average age while the riders on {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} had the oldest.{{cite web|title=Tour de France 1988 – Average team age|url=https://www.procyclingstats.com/race/tour-de-france/1988/gc/startlist/average-team-age|website=ProCyclingStats|access-date=24 March 2020}}
The teams entering the race were:{{cite web|title=The history of the Tour de France – Year 1988 – The starters|url=http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1988/partants.html|work=Tour de France|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403105612/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1988/partants.html|url-status=dead}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
- {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}}
- {{UCI team code|BH|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|CAF|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|Artiach|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|CAR|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|Chateau d'Ax|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|Fagor2|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|Hitachi|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|KAS|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|KEL|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|PSC|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|RMO|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|Sigma|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|SUG|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|Teka|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|LVC|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}}
- {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}}
{{div col end}}
Pre-race favourites
The winner of the 1987 Tour de France, Stephen Roche, was unable to defend his title as he was coming back from knee surgeries. The winner from 1986, Greg LeMond, had still not fully recovered from the hunting accident that caused him to miss the 1987 Tour, and did not start this Tour.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}} Remaining favourites were Pedro Delgado, who had finished in second place in 1987, and Andrew Hampsten, the winner of the 1988 Giro d'Italia, several weeks before the Tour.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}}
Route and stages
The Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) introduced the rule that a cycling race could not span three weekends. The Tour de France could only start on Monday 4 July, and therefore the usual prologue was removed. The Tour organisers, who were not happy with this restriction, lately had the idea to add to the Tour an unofficial short time trial on sunday 3 July called 'prelude' or 'preface'. Each team would ride for {{convert|3.8|km|mi}}, and one cyclist per team would then finish one kilometre on his own. Of course, the recorded times of the 'preface' were not used for the Tour, but the cyclist with the fastest time would wear the yellow jersey at the start of the Tour de France (first stage).{{cite web|url=http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2011/06/30/een-merkwaardige-tourstart.aspx|title=Een merkwaardige tourstart|language=nl|publisher=Sportgeschiedenis|first=Ronnie|last=Van den Bogaart|access-date=10 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129060850/http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2011/06/30/een-merkwaardige-tourstart.aspx|archive-date=29 November 2011|url-status=dead}}
The total length of this Tour was {{convert|3286|km|mi}}, which was the shortest since 1906.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}} Since 1910, Belgian cyclists had won at least one stage in every Tour, but in 1988 they did not win any stages.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}} There was one rest day, during which the cyclists were transferred from Villard-de-Lans to Blagnac.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=79}} The highest point of elevation in the race was {{convert|2115|m|ft|abbr=on}} at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 15.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=188}}{{cite news|title=Herrie om voorspel op zondag|trans-title=Noise for foreplay on Sunday|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010962902:mpeg21:p020|work=Het Vrije Volk|date=2 July 1988|page=20|language=nl|via=Delpher}}
class="wikitable"
|+ Stage characteristics and winners{{cite web|title=75ème Tour de France 1988|trans-title=75th Tour de France 1988|url=http://memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/eta_tdf/tdf1988.php|work=Mémoire du cyclisme|access-date=6 April 2020|language=fr}}{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=79}}{{cite web|url=http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1988|title=Tour de France GC top ten|first=Arian|last=Zwegers|website=CVCCBike.com|access-date=26 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html|archive-date=16 May 2008|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=The history of the Tour de France – Year 1988 – The stage winners|url=http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1988/vainqueurs.html|work=Tour de France|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=3 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403005347/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1988/vainqueurs.html|url-status=dead}} |
scope="col" | Stage
! scope="col" | Date ! scope="col" | Course ! scope="col" | Distance ! scope="col" colspan="2" | Type ! scope="col" | Winner |
---|
scope="row" | P
| style="text-align:center;" | 3 July || Pornichet to La Baule|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|3.8|km|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team/Individual time trial|| {{Flag athlete|Guido Bontempi|ITA}} |
scope="row" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | 4 July || Pontchâteau to Machecoul|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|92|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Steve Bauer|CAN}} |
scope="row" | 2
| style="text-align:center;" | 4 July || La Haie-Fouassière to Ancenis|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|48|km|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Team time trial || {{noflag|{{UCI team code|PSC|1988}}}} |
scope="row" | 3
| style="text-align:center;" | 5 July || Nantes to Le Mans|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|213|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Jean-Paul van Poppel|NED}} |
scope="row" | 4
| style="text-align:center;" | 6 July || Le Mans to Évreux|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|158|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Acácio da Silva|POR}} |
scope="row" | 5
| style="text-align:center;" | 7 July || Neufchâtel-en-Bray to Liévin|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|148|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Jelle Nijdam|NED}} |
scope="row" | 6
| style="text-align:center;" | 8 July || Liévin to Wasquehal|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|52|km|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Individual time trial || {{Flag athlete|Sean Yates|GBR}} |
scope="row" | 7
| style="text-align:center;" | 9 July || Wasquehal to Reims|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|225|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Valerio Tebaldi|ITA}} |
scope="row" | 8
| style="text-align:center;" |10 July || Reims to Nancy|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|219|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Rolf Gölz|FRG}} |
scope="row" | 9
| style="text-align:center;" |11 July || Nancy to Strasbourg|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|161|km|abbr=on}} || File:Mediummountainstage.svg || Hilly stage || {{Flag athlete|Jérôme Simon|FRA}} |
scope="row" | 10
| style="text-align:center;" |12 July || Belfort to Besançon|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|149|km|abbr=on}} || File:Mediummountainstage.svg || Hilly stage || {{Flag athlete|Jean-Paul van Poppel|NED}} |
scope="row" | 11
| style="text-align:center;" |13 July || Besançon to Morzine|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|232|km|abbr=on}} || File:Mountainstage.svg || Stage with mountain(s) || {{Flag athlete|Fabio Parra|COL}} |
scope="row" | 12
| style="text-align:center;" |14 July || Morzine to Alpe d'Huez|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|227|km|abbr=on}} || File:Mountainstage.svg || Stage with mountain(s) || {{Flag athlete|Steven Rooks|NED}} |
scope="row" | 13
| style="text-align:center;" |15 July || Grenoble to Villard-de-Lans|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|38|km|abbr=on}} || File:Mountain Time Trial Stage.svg || Mountain time trial|| {{Flag athlete|Pedro Delgado|ESP}} |
scope="row" |
| style="text-align:center;" | 16 July | colspan="2" | Blagnac | | colspan="2" | Rest day |
scope="row" |14
| style="text-align:center;" |17 July || Blagnac to Guzet-Neige|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|163|km|abbr=on}} || File:Mountainstage.svg || Stage with mountain(s) || {{Flag athlete|Massimo Ghirotto|ITA}} |
scope="row" | 15
| style="text-align:center;" |18 July || Saint-Girons to Luz Ardiden|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|187|km|abbr=on}} || File:Mountainstage.svg || Stage with mountain(s) || {{Flag athlete|Laudelino Cubino|ESP}} |
scope="row" | 16
| style="text-align:center;" |19 July || Tarbes to Pau|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|35|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Adri van der Poel|NED}} |
scope="row" | 17
| style="text-align:center;" |19 July || Pau to Bordeaux|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|198|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Jean-Paul van Poppel|NED}} |
scope="row" | 18
| style="text-align:center;" |20 July || Ruelle-sur-Touvre to Limoges|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|94|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Gianni Bugno|ITA}} |
scope="row" | 19
| style="text-align:center;" |21 July || Limoges to Puy-de-Dôme|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|188|km|abbr=on}} || File:Mediummountainstage.svg || Hilly stage || {{Flag athlete|Johnny Weltz|DEN}} |
scope="row" | 20
| style="text-align:center;" |22 July || Clermont-Ferrand to Chalon-sur-Saône|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|223|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Thierry Marie|FRA}} |
scope="row" | 21
| style="text-align:center;" |23 July || Santenay|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|46|km|abbr=on}} || File:Time Trial.svg || Individual time trial || {{Flag athlete|Juan Martinéz|ESP}} |
scope="row" | 22
| style="text-align:center;" |24 July || Nemours to Paris (Champs-Élysées)|| style="text-align:center;" | {{convert|173|km|abbr=on}} || File:Plainstage.svg || Plain stage || {{Flag athlete|Jean-Paul van Poppel|NED}} |
scope="row" |
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center"| Total | colspan="4" style="text-align:center"| {{convert|3286|km|0|abbr=on}}{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=110}} |
Race overview
{{main|1988 Tour de France, Prelude to Stage 11|1988 Tour de France, Stage 12 to Stage 22}}
File:Pédro DELGADO.jpg (pictured at the 1993 Tour), winner of the general classification]]
The prelude before the official start was won by Guido Bontempi, and the first real stage was won by Steve Bauer. Bauer lost the lead in the next stage, a Team Time Trial, to Teun van Vliet.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}} The favourites for the overall victory did not lose time in the first stages. The individual time trial of stage six did not change that, although some outsiders (Sean Kelly and Laurent Fignon) lost two minutes.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}}
In the eleventh stage, in hilly conditions, the first serious attacks were seen. Most contenders were able to stay in the main group, but Laurent Fignon and Jean-François Bernard lost a lot of time and were no longer seen as contenders.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}} The twelfth stage included higher climbs. Delgado escaped on the climb of the Glandon, and he was joined by Steven Rooks. On the descent, they were joined by Gert-Jan Theunisse and Fabio Parra; the other cyclists were unable to get to them. Close to the finish, Rooks escaped and won the stage, and Delgado became the new leader of the general classification.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}} Delgado won the next stage, an uphill individual time trial, and solidified his lead.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}}
In the fourteenth stage, the favourites stayed together, and other cyclists were allowed to go for the stage victory. Philippe Bouvatier and Robert Millar,Robert Millar who had led over the previous two cols, were in the uphill sprint to win, until Bouvatier allowed himself to be misdirected by a gendarme 200 metres before the finish (at the point where the team cars were separated from the cyclists){{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNXJooNMIls |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/fNXJooNMIls |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=Tour de Francia 1988 - Etapa 14 (Guzet Neige)|last=Reliquias del Ciclismo|date=30 April 2013|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}} followed by Millar, and the victory went to Massimo Ghirotto. Ghirotto offered his prize (a new car) to Bouvatier{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}} though Millar maintained he would have overhauled Bouvatier to winRobert Millar#1988 and told CyclingNews in 2010 that "I don't know if the gendarme was to blame, I don't think he was, I know I would have come round Bouvatier in the sprint but then I ought to have dropped him before we got to that stage".{{cite news|last=Farrand|first=Stephen|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/features/cn-exclusive-robert-millar-talks-about-the-tour-the-tourmalet-and-team-sky/|title=CN Exclusive: Robert Millar talks about the Tour, the Tourmalet and Team Sky|website=Cyclingnews.com|access-date=9 September 2016|date=22 July 2010}}
In the fifteenth stage, Delgado increased his lead. He let Laudelino Cubino get away and claim the victory, because Cubino was no threat for the general classification, and finished in third place, gaining time on all his direct competitors.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}} Delgado further increased his lead in the nineteenth stage, by leaving the other cyclists behind him on the final climb of the day.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}} Delgado was aiming to win the twenty-first stage, an individual time trial, and was leading at all the intermediate check points, but lost time in the final part of the stage, finishing in fourth place. This was more than enough to secure the overall victory.{{sfn|McGann|McGann|2008|pp=178–184}}
=Doping=
During the race, it was announced that doping tests of Pedro Delgado and Gert-Jan Theunisse indicated they had used doping products.
In Delgado's case, it was probenecid. Probenecid was a doping product according to the International Olympic Committee not yet on the doping list of the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), so Delgado was not sanctioned, and he remained the winner of the Tour.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=79}} Tour director Louy tried to convince Delgado to leave the race voluntarily, but Delgado refused.{{cite news|url=http://www.standaard.be/artikel/detail.aspx?artikelid=GH17F8T1|title=Kuitenbijter, Spelregels|language=nl|work=De Standaard|first=Rik|last=Vanwalleghem|date=17 July 2004|access-date=10 February 2012}} Delgado admits that he took probenecid, but with the intention to assist the kidneys, not to mask anabolic steroids.{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/pedro-delgado-turns-50-and-reflects-on-his-career|title=Pedro Delgado turns 50 and reflects on his career|date=15 April 2010|access-date=30 March 2013|work=Cycling News}}
Theunisse was found to have a high testosterone-level, which was on the UCI doping list. Theunisse received a penalty of ten minutes, which dropped him from fifth place to eleventh place in the general classification.{{cite web|url=http://www.velonation.com/News/ID/10807/Theunisse-takes-on-coaching-role-at-Rusvelo.aspx|title=Theunisse takes on coaching role at RusVelo|work=VeloNation|date=5 January 2012|access-date=10 February 2012}}
One other cyclist was penalised during this Tour: Spanish cyclist Roque de la Cruz failed a doping test after the sixth stage, and was given the same penalty as Theunisse.{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2507&dat=19880721&id=jA01AAAAIBAJ&sjid=nqULAAAAIBAJ&pg=3602,5302448|title=Delgado drugs shock|work=Glasgow Herald|date=21 July 1988|access-date=30 March 2013}}
In 2013, a notebook from the team doctor of the PDM team showed that all but one of the PDM cyclist were given doping in the 1988 Tour de France.{{cite web|url=http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/report-seven-out-of-eight-pdm-riders-doped-at-1988-tour-de-france|title=Seven out of eight PDM riders doped at 1988 Tour de France|work=Cyclingnews|date=23 January 2013|access-date=30 March 2013}}
The owners of the Tour de France thought that director Louy had handled the Delgado affair in the wrong way, and they fired him later that year. They appointed Jean-Marie Leblanc as his replacement.
Classification leadership and minor prizes
File:MaillotAmarilloDelgado88.jpg's yellow jersey of the 1988 Tour]]
There were several classifications in the 1988 Tour de France, six of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|pp=452–455}} The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|pp=452–453}}
Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists were given points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|pp=453–454}}
There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either hors catégorie, first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=454}}
There was also a combination classification. This classification was calculated as a combination of the other classifications, its leader wore the combination jersey.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|pp=454–455}}
Another classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. Its leader wore a red jersey.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=455}}
The sixth individual classification was the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only riders under 25 years were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|pp=454–455}}
For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=455}} For the last time, there was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.{{sfn|Nauright|Parrish|2012|p=455}}
In addition, there was a combativity award given after each mass-start stage to the cyclist considered most combative. The decision was made by a jury composed of journalists who gave points. The cyclist with the most points from votes in all stages led the combativity classification.{{sfn|van den Akker|2018|pp=211–216}} Jérôme Simon won this classification, and was given overall the super-combativity award.{{sfn|Augendre|2016|p=79}} The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass the summit of the Col du Tourmalet on stage 15. This prize was won by Laudelino Cubino.{{cite news|title=Koersverloop|trans-title=Price trend|url=https://www.dekrantvantoen.nl/vw/article.do?id=LC-19880719-9005|work=Leeuwarder Courant|date=19 July 1988|page=9|language=nl|via=De Krant van Toen}}
class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size:smaller;"
|+ Classification leadership table{{cite news|url=http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19880725&id=GVA-19880725-01017010|title=1986 Tour de France results|language=nl|work=Gazet van Antwerpen|date=25 July 1988|page=17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214190639/http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19880725&id=GVA-19880725-01017010|archive-date=14 February 2019|url-status=live}}{{sfn|Martin|1988|pp=122–123}}{{cite web|last=van den Akker|first=Pieter|title=Informatie over de Tour de France van 1988|trans-title=Information about the Tour de France from 1988|url=http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1988|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302051106/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1988|archive-date=2 March 2019|language=nl|website=TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl|access-date=2 March 2019|url-status=live}} |
scope="col" style="width:1%;" rowspan="2" | Stage
! scope="col" style="width:9%;" rowspan="2" | Stage winner ! scope="col" style="width:9%;" rowspan="2" | General classification ! scope="col" style="width:9%;" rowspan="2" | Points classification ! scope="col" style="width:9%;" rowspan="2" | Mountains classification ! scope="col" style="width:9%;" rowspan="2" | Young rider classification ! scope="col" style="width:9%;" rowspan="2" | Combination classification ! scope="col" style="width:9%;" rowspan="2" | Intermediate sprints classification ! scope="col" style="width:18%;" colspan="2" | Team classifications ! scope="col" style="width:9%;" rowspan="2" | Combativity award |
---|
scope="col" style="width:9%;"| By time
! scope="col" style="width:9%;"| By points |
scope="row" | P
| Guido Bontempi{{efn|name=prelude|The prelude was an unofficial race, but the winner Bontempi received a yellow jersey, and second-placed Peter Stevenhaagen received the green jersey, to wear at the start of the Tour de France.{{cite news|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBDDD02:000199768:mpeg21:a0012|title=Groene trui voor Peter Stevenhaagen|date=4 July 1988|language=nl|trans-title=Green jersey for Peter Stevenhaagen|publisher=Delpher|work=De Telegraaf|access-date=28 September 2017}}}} | no award{{efn|name=prelude}} | no award{{efn|name=prelude}} | no award | no award | no award | no award | no award | no award | no award |
scope="row" | 1
| style="background:#FFEB64;"| Steve Bauer | style="background:#9CE97B;" rowspan=2 | Steve Bauer | style="background:#FFA8A4;" rowspan=3 | Nico Verhoeven | style="background:white;"| Wiebren Veenstra | style="background:lightblue;"| Nico Verhoeven | style="background:#FBCEB1;"| Søren Lilholt | {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} | rowspan="4"| {{UCI team code|Hitachi|1988}} |
scope="row" | 2
| {{UCI team code|Panasonic|1988}} | style="background:#FFEB64;" rowspan=3| Teun van Vliet | style="background:white;" rowspan=10 | Erik Breukink | style="background:lightblue;" rowspan="3"| Teun van Vliet | style="background:#FBCEB1;" rowspan="2"| Teun van Vliet | rowspan=4| {{UCI team code|PSC|1988}} | no award |
scope="row" | 3
| style="background:#9CE97B;"| Eric Vanderaerden |
scope="row" | 4
| style="background:#9CE97B;" rowspan=19 | Eddy Planckaert | style="background:#FFA8A4;" rowspan=5 | Bruno Cornillet | style="background:#FBCEB1;" rowspan="8"| Frans Maassen |
scope="row" | 5
| style="background:#FFEB64;"| Henk Lubberding | style="background:lightblue;"| Frans Maassen | rowspan="18"| {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} |
scope="row" | 6
| style="background:#FFEB64;" rowspan=2| Jelle Nijdam | style="background:lightblue;"| Eric Vanderaerden | {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} | no award |
scope="row" | 7
| style="background:lightblue;" rowspan="2"| Philippe Casado | rowspan=2 | {{UCI team code|PSC|1988}} |
scope="row" | 8
| style="background:#FFEB64;" rowspan=4| Steve Bauer |
scope="row" | 9
| style="background:#FFA8A4;" rowspan=3 | Jérôme Simon | style="background:lightblue;" rowspan="2"| Frédéric Vichot | rowspan=3 | {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} |
scope="row" | 10{{efn|name=techni|In stage 10, 11 and 12, Steven Rooks wore the technicolour jersey.}} |
scope="row" | 11{{efn|name=techni}}
| style="background:lightblue;"| Pascal Simon |
scope="row" | 12{{efn|name=techni}}
| style="background:#FFEB64;" rowspan=11| Pedro Delgado | style="background:#FFA8A4;" rowspan=11 | Steven Rooks | style="background:white;" rowspan=3 | Raúl Alcalá | style="background:lightblue;" rowspan="11"| Steven Rooks | style="background:#FBCEB1;" rowspan="5"| Eddy Planckaert | rowspan=11| {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} |
scope="row" | 13
| no award |
scope="row" | 14 |
scope="row" | 15
| style="background:white;" rowspan=8 | Erik Breukink |
scope="row" | 16 |
scope="row" | 17
| style="background:#FBCEB1;" rowspan="6"| Frans Maassen |
scope="row" | 18 |
scope="row" | 19 |
scope="row" | 20 |
scope="row" | 21
| no award |
scope="row" | 22
| no award |
scope="row" colspan="2" | Final
! style="background:#FFDB00;"| Pedro Delgado ! style="background:#46E800;"| Eddy Planckaert ! style="background:#FF3E33;"| {{font color|white|Steven Rooks|link=yes}} ! style="background:white;"| Erik Breukink ! style="background:#B2FFFF;"| Steven Rooks ! style="background:#FF033E;"| {{font color|white|Frans Maassen|link=yes}} ! {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} ! {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} |
{{notelist}}
Final standings
class="wikitable" |
scope="col" colspan="4" | Legend |
---|
File:Jersey yellow.svg
| Denotes the winner of the general classification | Denotes the winner of the points classification |
File:Jersey polkadot.svg
| Denotes the winner of the mountains classification | Denotes the winner of the young rider classification |
File:Jersey combined.svg
| Denotes the winner of the combination classification | Denotes the winner of the intermediate sprints classification |
=General classification=
class="wikitable" style="width:46em;margin-bottom:0;"
|+ Final general classification (1–10){{cite web|title=The history of the Tour de France – Year 1988 – Stage 22 Nemours > Paris|url=http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1988/2200/etape.html|work=Tour de France|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|access-date=2 April 2020|archive-date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402222232/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1988/2200/etape.html|url-status=dead}} |
scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider ! scope="col" | Team ! scope="col" | Time |
---|
scope="row" | 1
| {{Flag athlete|Pedro Delgado|ESP}} File:Jersey yellow.svg || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 84h 27' 53" |
scope="row" | 2
| {{Flag athlete|Steven Rooks|NED}} File:Jersey polkadot.svg File:Jersey combined.svg || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 7' 13" |
scope="row" | 3
| {{Flag athlete|Fabio Parra|COL}} || {{UCI team code|KEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 9' 58" |
scope="row" | 4
| {{Flag athlete|Steve Bauer|CAN}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 12' 15" |
scope="row" | 5
| {{Flag athlete|Éric Boyer|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|SUG|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 14' 04" |
scope="row" | 6
| {{Flag athlete|Luis Herrera|COL}} || {{UCI team code|CAF|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 14' 36" |
scope="row" | 7
| {{Flag athlete|Ronan Pensec|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 16' 52" |
scope="row" | 8
| {{Flag athlete|Álvaro Pino|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 18' 36" |
scope="row" | 9
| {{Flag athlete|Peter Winnen|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PSC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 19' 12" |
scope="row" | 10
| {{Flag athlete|Denis Roux|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 20' 08" |
class="collapsible collapsed wikitable" style="width:46em;margin-top:-1px;" |
scope="col" colspan="4" | Final general classification (11–151) |
---|
scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider ! scope="col" | Team ! scope="col" | Time |
scope="row" | 11
| {{Flag athlete|Gert-Jan Theunisse|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 22' 46" |
scope="row" | 12
| {{Flag athlete|Erik Breukink|NED}} File:Jersey white.svg || {{UCI team code|PSC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 23' 06" |
scope="row" | 13
| {{Flag athlete|Laudelino Cubino|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 23' 46" |
scope="row" | 14
| {{Flag athlete|Claude Criquielion|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Hitachi|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 24' 32" |
scope="row" | 15
| {{Flag athlete|Andrew Hampsten|USA}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 26' 00" |
scope="row" | 16
| {{Flag athlete|Marino Lejarreta|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|Artiach|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 26' 36" |
scope="row" | 17
| {{Flag athlete|Pascal Simon|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|SUG|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 28' 39" |
scope="row" | 18
| {{Flag athlete|Éric Caritoux|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|KAS|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 29' 04" |
scope="row" | 19
| {{Flag athlete|Jérôme Simon|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 30' 55" |
scope="row" | 20
| {{Flag athlete|Raúl Alcalá|MEX}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 31' 14" |
scope="row" | 21
| {{Flag athlete|Gerhard Zadrobilek|AUT}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 32' 09" |
scope="row" | 22
| {{Flag athlete|Roberto Visentini|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|CAR|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 33' 23" |
scope="row" | 23
| {{Flag athlete|Thierry Claveyrolat|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|RMO|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 37' 49" |
scope="row" | 24
| {{Flag athlete|Jaanus Kuum|NOR}} || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 38' 53" |
scope="row" | 25
| {{Flag athlete|Federico Echave|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 39' 17" |
scope="row" | 26
| {{Flag athlete|Jørgen V. Pedersen|DEN}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 39' 24" |
scope="row" | 27
| {{Flag athlete|Jörg Müller|SUI}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 40' 53" |
scope="row" | 28
| {{Flag athlete|Frédéric Vichot|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 42' 00" |
scope="row" | 29
| {{Flag athlete|Peter Stevenhaagen|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 45' 27" |
scope="row" | 30
| {{Flag athlete|Eduardo Chozas|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|KEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 45' 45" |
scope="row" | 31
| {{Flag athlete|Samuel Cabrera|COL}} || {{UCI team code|CAF|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 46' 06" |
scope="row" | 32
| {{Flag athlete|Philippe Bouvatier|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 48' 14" |
scope="row" | 33
| {{Flag athlete|Marc Sergeant|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Hitachi|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 49' 24" |
scope="row" | 34
| {{Flag athlete|Dag Otto Lauritzen|NOR}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 50' 08" |
scope="row" | 35
| {{Flag athlete|Jesus Blanco|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|Teka|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 55' 28" |
scope="row" | 36
| {{Flag athlete|Gilbert Duclos-Lassalle|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 57' 21" |
scope="row" | 37
| {{Flag athlete|Jean-Philippe Vandenbrande|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Hitachi|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 57' 57" |
scope="row" | 38
| {{Flag athlete|Guy Nulens|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|PSC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 59' 13" |
scope="row" | 39
| {{Flag athlete|Jean-Claude Bagot|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|Fagor2|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 59' 47" |
scope="row" | 40
| {{Flag athlete|Charly Berard|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|Fagor2|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 00' 08" |
scope="row" | 41
| {{Flag athlete|Edgar Corredor|COL}} || {{UCI team code|CAF|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 01' 20" |
scope="row" | 42
| {{Flag athlete|Julio-César Cadena|COL}} || {{UCI team code|CAF|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 01' 28" |
scope="row" | 43
| {{Flag athlete|Niki Rüttimann|SUI}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 01' 43" |
scope="row" | 44
| {{Flag athlete|Henrie Abadie|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 01' 59" |
scope="row" | 45
| {{Flag athlete|Gerard Veldscholten|NED}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 02' 32" |
scope="row" | 46
| {{Flag athlete|Sean Kelly|IRE}} || {{UCI team code|KAS|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 02' 54" |
scope="row" | 47
| {{Flag athlete|Miguel Induráin|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 03' 15" |
scope="row" | 48
| {{Flag athlete|Dominique Arnaud|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 07' 31" |
scope="row" | 49
| {{Flag athlete|Israel Corredor|COL}} || {{UCI team code|CAF|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 07' 50" |
scope="row" | 50
| {{Flag athlete|Michael Wilson|AUS}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 09' 31" |
scope="row" | 51
| {{Flag athlete|José Patrocinio Jiménez|COL}} || {{UCI team code|CAF|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 09' 55" |
scope="row" | 52
| {{Flag athlete|Jesús Rodríguez|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 11' 17" |
scope="row" | 53
| {{Flag athlete|Jon Unzaga|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|KAS|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 12' 17" |
scope="row" | 54
| {{Flag athlete|Johnny Weltz|DEN}} || {{UCI team code|Fagor2|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 12' 49" |
scope="row" | 55
| {{Flag athlete|Jean-Claude Colotti|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|RMO|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 15' 00" |
scope="row" | 56
| {{Flag athlete|Jos Haex|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Hitachi|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 15' 16" |
scope="row" | 57
| {{Flag athlete|Mariano Sánchez Martinez|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|Teka|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 16' 06" |
scope="row" | 58
| {{Flag athlete|Jean-Claude Leclercq|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 17' 21" |
scope="row" | 59
| {{Flag athlete|Sean Yates|GBR}} || {{UCI team code|Fagor2|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 17' 25" |
scope="row" | 60
| {{Flag athlete|Julián Gorospe|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 17' 33" |
scope="row" | 61
| {{Flag athlete|Jan Nevens|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Sigma|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 18' 11" |
scope="row" | 62
| {{Flag athlete|Gianni Bugno|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|Chateau d'Ax|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 19' 09" |
scope="row" | 63
| {{Flag athlete|Jokin Mújika|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|Artiach|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 19' 15" |
scope="row" | 64
| {{Flag athlete|Enrique Aja|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|Teka|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 19' 52" |
scope="row" | 65
| {{Flag athlete|Philippe Leleu|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|LVC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 21' 51" |
scope="row" | 66
| {{Flag athlete|Marc Madiot|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|LVC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 22' 34" |
scope="row" | 67
| {{Flag athlete|Christophe Lavainne|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|SUG|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 22' 34" |
scope="row" | 68
| {{Flag athlete|Toni Rominger|SUI}} || {{UCI team code|Chateau d'Ax|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 23' 41" |
scope="row" | 69
| {{Flag athlete|Ron Kiefel|USA}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 23' 58" |
scope="row" | 70
| {{Flag athlete|Roland Le Clerc|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|Artiach|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 25' 17" |
scope="row" | 71
| {{Flag athlete|Martial Gayant|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|LVC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 25' 30" |
scope="row" | 72
| {{Flag athlete|Jacques Decrion|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|SUG|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 26' 44" |
scope="row" | 73
| {{Flag athlete|Marco Antonio León|COL}} || {{UCI team code|CAF|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 26' 58" |
scope="row" | 74
| {{Flag athlete|Eric Van Lancker|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|PSC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 28' 37" |
scope="row" | 75
| {{Flag athlete|Vicente Belda|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|KEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 29' 29" |
scope="row" | 76
| {{Flag athlete|Marc van Orsouw|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 30' 36" |
scope="row" | 77
| {{Flag athlete|Bruno Leali|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|CAR|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 30' 50" |
scope="row" | 78
| {{Flag athlete|Patrice Esnault|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|RMO|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 30' 59" |
scope="row" | 79
| {{Flag athlete|Alessandro Pozzi|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|Chateau d'Ax|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 32' 19" |
scope="row" | 80
| {{Flag athlete|Dirk De Wolf|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Hitachi|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 33' 25" |
scope="row" | 81
| {{Flag athlete|Frédéric Brun|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 33' 32" |
scope="row" | 82
| {{Flag athlete|Luis Javier Lukin|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 34' 00" |
scope="row" | 83
| {{Flag athlete|Raimund Dietzen|FRG}} || {{UCI team code|Teka|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 34' 25" |
scope="row" | 84
| {{Flag athlete|Adri van der Poel|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 34' 43" |
scope="row" | 85
| {{Flag athlete|Massimo Ghirotto|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|CAR|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 35' 02" |
scope="row" | 86
| {{Flag athlete|Ennio Vanotti|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|Chateau d'Ax|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 36' 03" |
scope="row" | 87
| {{Flag athlete|Rudy Dhaenens|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 36' 16" |
scope="row" | 88
| {{Flag athlete|Michel Bibollet|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|RMO|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 38' 14" |
scope="row" | 89
| {{Flag athlete|Ludo Peeters|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 42' 47" |
scope="row" | 90
| {{Flag athlete|Malcolm Elliott|GBR}} || {{UCI team code|Fagor2|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 44' 27" |
scope="row" | 91
| {{Flag athlete|Rolf Gölz|FRG}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 44' 47" |
scope="row" | 92
| {{Flag athlete|Acácio da Silva|POR}} || {{UCI team code|KAS|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 45' 26" |
scope="row" | 93
| {{Flag athlete|Dominique Garde|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|SUG|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 46' 44" |
scope="row" | 94
| {{Flag athlete|Régis Clère|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|Teka|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 47' 13" |
scope="row" | 95
| {{Flag athlete|Hennie Kuiper|NED}} || {{UCI team code|Sigma|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 49' 37" |
scope="row" | 96
| {{Flag athlete|Jan Wijnants|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Hitachi|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 49' 56" |
scope="row" | 97
| {{Flag athlete|Arsenio Gonzalez|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|Teka|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 50' 13" |
scope="row" | 98
| {{Flag athlete|Thierry Marie|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|SUG|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 51' 11" |
scope="row" | 99
| {{Flag athlete|Søren Lilholt|DEN}} || {{UCI team code|Sigma|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 51' 58" |
scope="row" | 100
| {{Flag athlete|Dante Rezze|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|RMO|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 53' 03" |
scope="row" | 101
| {{Flag athlete|Stefan Morjean|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Hitachi|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 54' 56" |
scope="row" | 102
| {{Flag athlete|Alfons De Wolf|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 55' 56" |
scope="row" | 103
| {{Flag athlete|Etienne De Wilde|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Sigma|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 57' 17" |
scope="row" | 104
| {{Flag athlete|Roque de la Cruz|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|Artiach|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 57' 52" |
scope="row" | 105
| {{Flag athlete|Davis Phinney|USA}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 58' 08" |
scope="row" | 106
| {{Flag athlete|Guido Bontempi|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|CAR|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 59' 07" |
scope="row" | 107
| {{Flag athlete|Vicente-Juan Ridaura|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|Artiach|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 01' 31" |
scope="row" | 108
| {{Flag athlete|Frédéric Garnier|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|LVC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 02' 52" |
scope="row" | 109
| {{Flag athlete|Marco Bergamo|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|CAR|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 05' 43" |
scope="row" | 110
| {{Flag athlete|Andreas Kappes|FRG}} || {{UCI team code|LVC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 06' 02" |
scope="row" | 111
| {{Flag athlete|José Salvador Sanchis|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|Artiach|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 07' 00" |
scope="row" | 112
| {{Flag athlete|Iñaki Gastón|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|KEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 07' 49" |
scope="row" | 113
| {{Flag athlete|Jens Veggerby|DEN}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 09' 27" |
scope="row" | 114
| {{Flag athlete|Javier Murguialday|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 09' 32" |
scope="row" | 115
| {{Flag athlete|Eddy Planckaert|BEL}} File:Jersey green.svg || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 09' 34" |
scope="row" | 116
| {{Flag athlete|Angel Camarillo|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|Teka|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 10' 29" |
scope="row" | 117
| {{Flag athlete|Celestino Prieto|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|KAS|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 11' 16" |
scope="row" | 118
| {{Flag athlete|Herminio Diaz|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 11' 42" |
scope="row" | 119
| {{Flag athlete|Jacques Hanegraaf|NED}} || {{UCI team code|LVC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 12' 11" |
scope="row" | 120
| {{Flag athlete|Joël Pelier|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|SUG|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 13' 28" |
scope="row" | 121
| {{Flag athlete|Francisco-José Antequera|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 13' 55" |
scope="row" | 122
| {{Flag athlete|Jelle Nijdam|NED}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 15' 59" |
scope="row" | 123
| {{Flag athlete|Régis Simon|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|RMO|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 18' 18" |
scope="row" | 124
| {{Flag athlete|Frank Hoste|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 18' 50" |
scope="row" | 125
| {{Flag athlete|Alfred Achermann|SUI}} || {{UCI team code|KAS|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 19' 26" |
scope="row" | 126
| {{Flag athlete|Frans Maassen|NED}} File:Jersey red.svg || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 19' 43" |
scope="row" | 127
| {{Flag athlete|Twan Poels|NED}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 20' 02" |
scope="row" | 128
| {{Flag athlete|Manuel Jorge Domínguez|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 20' 59" |
scope="row" | 129
| {{Flag athlete|Philippe Casado|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 21' 31" |
scope="row" | 130
| {{Flag athlete|Johan Lammerts|NED}} || {{UCI team code|LVC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 23' 17" |
scope="row" | 131
| {{Flag athlete|René Martens|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 24' 52" |
scope="row" | 132
| {{Flag athlete|Gerrit Solleveld|NED}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 26' 56" |
scope="row" | 133
| {{Flag athlete|Michel Vermote|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|RMO|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 27' 00" |
scope="row" | 134
| {{Flag athlete|Juan Martinéz|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|KEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 27' 44" |
scope="row" | 135
| {{Flag athlete|Andy Bishop|USA}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 29' 00" |
scope="row" | 136
| {{Flag athlete|Erich Mächler|SUI}} || {{UCI team code|CAR|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 29' 37" |
scope="row" | 137
| {{Flag athlete|Rik Van Slycke|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Sigma|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 33' 03" |
scope="row" | 138
| {{Flag athlete|Jean-Paul van Poppel|NED}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 35' 09" |
scope="row" | 139
| {{Flag athlete|Milan Jurco|TCH}} || {{UCI team code|Chateau d'Ax|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 35' 45" |
scope="row" | 140
| {{Flag athlete|Hartmut Bölts|FRG}} || {{UCI team code|RMO|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 36' 26" |
scope="row" | 141
| {{Flag athlete|Walter Magnago|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|CAR|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 37' 52" |
scope="row" | 142
| {{Flag athlete|Stefano Zanatta|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|Chateau d'Ax|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 38' 23" |
scope="row" | 143
| {{Flag athlete|Nico Verhoeven|NED}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 42' 20" |
scope="row" | 144
| {{Flag athlete|Nathan Dahlberg|NZL}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 42' 46" |
scope="row" | 145
| {{Flag athlete|Gert Jakobs|NED}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 45' 28" |
scope="row" | 146
| {{Flag athlete|Marco Tabai|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|CAR|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 46' 16" |
scope="row" | 147
| {{Flag athlete|Mathieu Hermans|NED}} || {{UCI team code|Artiach|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 48' 53" |
scope="row" | 148
| {{Flag athlete|Jean-Pierre Heynderickx|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Sigma|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 54' 07" |
scope="row" | 149
| {{Flag athlete|Dirk Demol|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 2h 55' 18" |
scope="row" | 150
| {{Flag athlete|John Talen|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PSC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 3h 05' 02" |
scope="row" | 151
| {{Flag athlete|Dirk Wayenberg|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 3h 28' 41" |
{{columns-start}}
=Points classification=
class="wikitable"
|+Final points classification (1–10){{cite news|title=Uitslagen en eindklassementen Tour de France|trans-title=Results and final classifications of the Tour de France|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010832691:mpeg21:p012|work=Het Parool|date=25 July 1988|page=12|language=nl|via=Delpher}}{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/07/25/MD19880725-010.pdf|title=Clasificaciones oficiales|date=25 July 1988|page=10|language=es|work=Mundo Deportivo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191006192521/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1988/07/25/MD19880725-010.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2019|url-status=live}} |
scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider ! scope="col" | Team ! scope="col" | Points |
---|
scope="row" | 1
| {{Flag athlete|Eddy Planckaert|BEL}} File:Jersey green.svg || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | 278 |
scope="row" | 2
| {{Flag athlete|Davis Phinney|USA}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 193 |
scope="row" | 3
| {{Flag athlete|Sean Kelly|IRE}} || {{UCI team code|KAS|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 183 |
scope="row" | 4
| {{Flag athlete|Steven Rooks|NED}} File:Jersey polkadot.svg File:Jersey combined.svg || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 154 |
scope="row" | 5
| {{Flag athlete|Mathieu Hermans|NED}} || {{UCI team code|Artiach|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 153 |
scope="row" | 6
| {{Flag athlete|Jean-Paul van Poppel|NED}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 141 |
scope="row" | 7
| {{Flag athlete|Etienne De Wilde|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|Sigma|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 133 |
scope="row" | 8
| {{Flag athlete|Adri van der Poel|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 132 |
scope="row" | 9
| {{Flag athlete|Manuel Jorge Domínguez|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 114 |
scope="row" | 10
| {{Flag athlete|Steve Bauer|CAN}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 108 |
{{column}}
=Mountains classification=
class="wikitable" |
scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider ! scope="col" | Team ! scope="col" | Points |
---|
scope="row" | 1
| {{Flag athlete|Steven Rooks|NED}} File:Jersey polkadot.svg File:Jersey combined.svg || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 326 |
scope="row" | 2
| {{Flag athlete|Gert-Jan Theunisse|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 248 |
scope="row" | 3
| {{Flag athlete|Pedro Delgado|ESP}} File:Jersey yellow.svg || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 223 |
scope="row" | 4
| {{Flag athlete|Ronan Pensec|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 130 |
scope="row" | 5
| {{Flag athlete|Jérôme Simon|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 127 |
scope="row" | 6
| {{Flag athlete|Fabio Parra|COL}} || {{UCI team code|KEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 123 |
scope="row" | 7
| {{Flag athlete|Laudelino Cubino|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 101 |
scope="row" | 8
| {{Flag athlete|Álvaro Pino|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 98 |
scope="row" | 9
| {{Flag athlete|Samuel Cabrera|COL}} || {{UCI team code|CAF|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 82 |
scope="row" | 10
| {{Flag athlete|Luis Herrera|COL}} || {{UCI team code|CAF|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 80 |
{{columns-end}}
{{columns-start}}
=Young rider classification=
class="wikitable" |
scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider ! scope="col" | Team ! scope="col" | Time |
---|
scope="row" | 1
| {{Flag athlete|Erik Breukink|NED}} File:Jersey white.svg || {{UCI team code|PSC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 84h 50' 59" |
scope="row" | 2
| {{Flag athlete|Raúl Alcalá|MEX}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 8' 08" |
scope="row" | 3
| {{Flag athlete|Jaanus Kuum|NOR}} || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 15' 47" |
scope="row" | 4
| {{Flag athlete|Peter Stevenhaagen|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 22' 21" |
scope="row" | 5
| {{Flag athlete|Philippe Bouvatier|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|BH|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 25' 08" |
scope="row" | 6
| {{Flag athlete|Miguel Induráin|ESP}} || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 40' 09" |
scope="row" | 7
| {{Flag athlete|Gianni Bugno|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|Chateau d'Ax|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 56' 03" |
scope="row" | 8
| {{Flag athlete|Marc van Orsouw|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 07' 30" |
scope="row" | 9
| {{Flag athlete|Søren Lilholt|DEN}} || {{UCI team code|Sigma|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 28' 52" |
scope="row" | 10
| {{Flag athlete|Jean-Claude Leclercq|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | + 1h 34' 46" |
{{column}}
=Combination classification=
class="wikitable"
|+Final combination classification (1–10) ! scope="col" | Rank ! scope="col" | Rider ! scope="col" | Team ! scope="col" | Points |
scope="row" | 1
| {{Flag athlete|Steven Rooks|NED}} File:Jersey polkadot.svg File:Jersey combined.svg || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 84 |
---|
scope="row" | 2
| {{Flag athlete|Gert-Jan Theunisse|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 70 |
scope="row" | 3
| {{Flag athlete|Pedro Delgado|ESP}} File:Jersey yellow.svg || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 63 |
scope="row" | 4
| {{Flag athlete|Eddy Planckaert|BEL}} File:Jersey green.svg || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | 49 |
scope="row" | 5
| {{Flag athlete|Jérôme Simon|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 47 |
scope="row" | 6
| {{Flag athlete|Steve Bauer|CAN}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 47 |
scope="row" | 7
| {{Flag athlete|Éric Boyer|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|SUG|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 38 |
scope="row" | 8
| {{Flag athlete|Frans Maassen|NED}} File:Jersey red.svg || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 37 |
scope="row" | 9
| {{Flag athlete|Johnny Weltz|DEN}} || {{UCI team code|Fagor2|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 30 |
scope="row" | 10
| {{Flag athlete|Frédéric Vichot|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|HEL|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 22 |
{{columns-end}}
{{columns-start}}
=Intermediate sprints classification=
class="wikitable" |
scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider ! scope="col" | Team ! scope="col" | Points |
---|
scope="row" | 1
| {{Flag athlete|Frans Maassen|NED}} File:Jersey red.svg || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 276 |
scope="row" | 2
| {{Flag athlete|Eddy Planckaert|BEL}} File:Jersey green.svg || {{UCI team code|AD Renting|1988b}} || style="text-align:right;" | 214 |
scope="row" | 3
| {{Flag athlete|Johnny Weltz|DEN}} || {{UCI team code|Fagor2|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 64 |
scope="row" | 4
| {{Flag athlete|Davis Phinney|USA}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 55 |
scope="row" | 5
| {{Flag athlete|Gert-Jan Theunisse|NED}} || {{UCI team code|PDM|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 50 |
scope="row" | 6
| {{Flag athlete|Ludo Peeters|BEL}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 35 |
scope="row" | 7
| {{Flag athlete|Jérôme Simon|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 32 |
scope="row" | 8
| {{Flag athlete|Dag Otto Lauritzen|NOR}} || {{UCI team code|MOT|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 30 |
scope="row" | 9
| {{Flag athlete|Martial Gayant|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|LVC|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 30 |
scope="row" | 10
| {{Flag athlete|Bruno Leali|ITA}} || {{UCI team code|CAR|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 30 |
{{column}}
=Team classification=
{{columns-end}}
{{columns-start}}
=Team points classification=
{{column}}
=Combativity classification=
class="wikitable"
|+Final combativity classification (1–5){{cite news|title=Tour in cijfers|trans-title=Tour in numbers|url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=KBDDD02:000199809:mpeg21:p012|work=De Telegraaf|date=25 July 1988|page=12|language=nl|via=Delpher}} |
scope="col" | Rank
! scope="col" | Rider ! scope="col" | Team ! scope="col" | Points |
---|
scope="row" | 1
| {{Flag athlete|Jérôme Simon|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|C.A|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 38 |
scope="row" | 2
| {{Flag athlete|Régis Clère|FRA}} || {{UCI team code|Teka|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 30 |
scope="row" | 3
| {{Flag athlete|Johnny Weltz|DEN}} || {{UCI team code|Fagor2|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 30 |
scope="row" | 4
| {{Flag athlete|Pedro Delgado|ESP}} File:Jersey yellow.svg || {{UCI team code|MOV|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 25 |
scope="row" | 5
| {{Flag athlete|Rolf Gölz|FRG}} || {{UCI team code|RAB|1988}} || style="text-align:right;" | 24 |
{{columns-end}}
References
{{reflist|30em}}
Bibliography
- {{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Augendre|author-link=Jacques Augendre|url=http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|title=Guide historique|trans-title=Historical guide|year=2016|language=fr|access-date=27 October 2016|work=Tour de France|location=Paris|publisher=Amaury Sport Organisation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf|archive-date=17 August 2016|url-status=live}}
- {{cite book|last1=Martin|first1=Pierre|others=With contributions from: Penazzo, Sergio; Baratino, Dante; Schamps, Daniel; Vos, Cor|title=Tour 88: The 1988 Tour of Italy and Tour de France|publisher=Kennedy Brothers Publishing|location=Keighley, UK|year=1988|oclc=19669680}}
- {{cite book|last1=McGann|first1=Bill|last2=McGann|first2=Carol|title=The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V8mlwItBhhcC|publisher=Dog Ear Publishing|location=Indianapolis|year=2008|isbn=978-1-59858-608-4}}
- {{cite book|last1=Nauright|first1=John|last2=Parrish|first2=Charles|title=Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC|year=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=978-1-59884-300-2}}
- {{cite book|last=van den Akker|first=Pieter|title=Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=09sxwQEACAAJ|year=2018|publisher=Self-published|isbn=978-1-79398-080-9}}
Further reading
- {{cite book|title=Mapping Le Tour|first=Ellis|last=Bacon|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers|location=Glasgow|year=2014|pages=186–187|isbn=9780007543991|oclc=872700415}}
- {{cite book|last=Liggett|first=Phil|author-link=Phil Liggett|title=Tour de France 1988|year=1988|publisher=Harrap Books and Channel 4|location=London|isbn=978-0-245-54727-0}}
External links
{{commons category-inline}}
{{Tour de France}}
{{Cycling stage recaps|1988 Tour de France|P|11|12|22}}
{{Tour de France general classification winners}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tour de France, 1988}}