1991 SEA Games
{{Short description|Multi-sport event in Manila, Philippines}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2015}}
{{Infobox games
| name = 16th Southeast Asian Games
| logo = 16th sea games.png
| caption =
| host_city = Manila, Philippines
| motto = "Nine Nations, Under an Asian Sun"
| events = 28 sports
| nations = 9
| athletes =
| opening = 24 November 1991
| closing = 5 December 1991
| opened_by = Corazon Aquino
{{small|President of the Philippines}}
| athlete_oath =
| judge_oath =
| torch_lighter = Carlos Loyzaga
Lydia de Vega
Gerard Cantada
| ceremony_venue = Rizal Memorial Stadium
| previous = Kuala Lumpur 1989
| next = Singapore 1993
}}
The 1991 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 16th Southeast Asian Games, were a multi-sport event held in Manila, the Philippines, from 24 November to 5 December 1991, with 28 sports featured in the games. This was the second time that the country hosted the games and its first since 1981. It was officially opened by President Corazon Aquino at the Rizal Memorial Stadium in Manila through a colorful opening ceremony. It was the only SEA Games at that time where the overall championship was heavily contested. The deciding medal came from the last sporting event - women's marathon where Indonesia got the gold medal.Philippine Daily Inquirer December 1992 University of the Philippines Main Library: Microfilm SectionPercy Seneviratne (1993) Golden Moments: the S.E.A Games 1959-1991 Dominie Press, Singapore {{ISBN|981-00-4597-2}}
Four sports (archery, canoeing, sailing, and triathlon) were held in venues in Subic Bay.{{cite news |last1=Empeño |first1=Henry |title=SBMA sets P133.5-million upgrade of Subic SEA Games venues |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/07/05/sbma-sets-p133-5-million-upgrade-of-subic-sea-games-venues/ |access-date=5 July 2019 |work=BusinessMirror |date=5 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705104222/https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/07/05/sbma-sets-p133-5-million-upgrade-of-subic-sea-games-venues/ |archive-date=5 July 2019 |url-status=live }}
Fourteen years after the 1991 SEA Games, the country hosted the 2005 SEA Games. Another 14 years later, the Philippines hosted the 2019 SEA Games, which is the first that the event took place in the whole country.
The logo of 1991 Southeast Asian Games was designed by Ernesto A. Calaguas. The mascot for the Games is a colorful fowl called Kiko Labuyo.{{cite web |last1=Castro |first1=Glenda Marie |title=TIMELINE: Philippines as host country in previous SEA Games |url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/245739-timeline-philippines-host-country-previous-sea-games/ |website=Rappler |access-date=31 May 2023 |date=26 November 2019}}
The games
=Participating nations=
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
- {{flagSEAGF|BRU|1991}}
- {{flagSEAGF|INA|1991}}
- {{flagSEAGF|LAO|1991}}
- {{flagSEAGF|MAS|1991}}
- {{flagSEAGF|MYA|1991}}
- {{flagSEAGF|PHI|1991}} (Host)
- {{flagSEAGF|SIN|1991}}
- {{flagSEAGF|THA|1991}}
- {{flagSEAGF|VIE|1991}}
{{div col end}}
=Sports=
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
- {{GamesSport|Aquatics}}
- {{GamesSport|Archery}}
- {{GamesSport|Athletics}}
- {{GamesSport|Badminton}}
- {{GamesSport|Basketball}}
- {{GamesSport|Billiards and snooker}}
- {{GamesSport|Bodybuilding}}
- {{GamesSport|Bowling}}
- {{GamesSport|Boxing}}
- {{GamesSport|Cycling}}
- {{GamesSport|Fencing}}
- {{GamesSport|Football}}
- {{GamesSport|Golf}}
- {{GamesSport|Gymnastics}}
- {{GamesSport|Judo}}
- {{GamesSport|Karate}}
- {{GamesSport|Rowing}}
- {{GamesSport|Sailing}}
- {{GamesSport|Sepak takraw}}
- {{GamesSport|Shooting}}
- {{GamesSport|Softball}}
- {{GamesSport|Squash}}
- {{GamesSport|Table tennis}}
- {{GamesSport|Taekwondo}}
- {{GamesSport|Tennis}}
- {{GamesSport|Volleyball}}
- {{GamesSport|Weightlifting}}
- {{GamesSport|Wushu}}
{{div col end}}
Medal table
;Key
{{Medals table
| caption =
| host = PHI
| flag_template = flagIOC2team
| event = 1991 Southeast Asian Games
| team =
| gold_INA = 92 | silver_INA = 87 | bronze_INA = 67
| gold_PHI = 91 | silver_PHI = 62 | bronze_PHI = 86 | host_PHI = yes
| gold_THA = 72 | silver_THA = 80 | bronze_THA = 69
| gold_MAS = 36 | silver_MAS = 38 | bronze_MAS = 66
| gold_SIN = 18 | silver_SIN = 32 | bronze_SIN = 45
| gold_MYA = 12 | silver_MYA = 16 | bronze_MYA = 29
| gold_VIE = 7 | silver_VIE = 12 | bronze_VIE = 10
| gold_BRU = 0 | silver_BRU = 0 | bronze_BRU = 8
| gold_LAO = 0 | silver_LAO = 0 | bronze_LAO = 0
}}
Concerns and controversies
File:Southeast Asian Games 1991 stamp of the Philippines 3.jpg
;Reduction of gold medals
The Philippines should have tallied a total of 91 gold medals, but one of the gold medals from boxing was proclaimed unofficial. The said gold medal should have been fought by a Filipino boxer against a Thai boxer, but the latter was found positive in the doping tests. The gold medal was, at first, given to the Philippines, but after a few days, the SEAG Organizing Committee declared that there will be no gold and silver medalists for the said event in boxing because there was no battle fought.{{citation needed|date=February 2018}}
Main official host television broadcasting
| class="wikitable"
!Country !Official broadcasters !Television broadcast |
| {{flagSEAGF|BRU|1991}} |
| {{flagSEAGF|INA|1991}}
|TVRI |
| {{flagSEAGF|MAL|1991}} |
| {{flagSEAGF|PHI|1991}}
|ABS-CBN |
| {{flagSEAGF|SGP|1991}} |
| {{flagSEAGF|THA|1991}} |
| {{flagSEAGF|VIE|1991}}
|VTV1 |
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20120801031004/http://www.olympic.org.my/web/gamesrecords/sea/sea_history.htm History of the SEA Games]
- {{cite web|title=1991 Southeast Asian Games medal table|url=http://www.ocasia.org/game/MWinner.aspx?CntbEpEabMQ13iQyS5RNSfIeXT1sBvVt|publisher=Olympic Council of Asia|access-date=27 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028023209/http://www.ocasia.org/game/MWinner.aspx?CntbEpEabMQ13iQyS5RNSfIeXT1sBvVt|archive-date=28 October 2016|url-status=dead}}
{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|title=Southeast Asian Games
Manila|before=Kuala Lumpur|after=Singapore|years=XVI Southeast Asian Games (1991)}}
{{S-end}}
{{SEA Games}}
{{Corazon Aquino}}
Category:1991 in multi-sport events
Category:Multi-sport events in the Philippines
Category:20th century in Manila
{{SEAsianGames-stub}}