1995 Kerinci earthquake
{{Short description|Earthquake in Indonesia}}
{{Infobox earthquake
| name = 1995 Kerinci earthquake
| timestamp = 1995-10-06 18:09:45
| local-time = 1:09 WIB
| anss-url = usp00074ph
| isc-event = 74638
| magnitude = 6.7 {{M|w|link=yes}}
6.9–7.0 {{M|s|link=yes}}
| depth = 29.8 km{{Short-isc|OB|899872}}
| fault = Great Sumatran fault
| type = Strike-slip
| affected = Sumatra, Indonesia
| landslide = Yes
| aftershocks = Yes
Largest: {{m|b}} 5.3{{cite web |title=M 5.3 – Southern Sumatra, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00074pj/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=1 March 2021}}
| casualties = 84–100 dead,{{cite web |title=Indonesia: Sumatera, Jambi Province |url=https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/5422 |publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information |access-date=1 March 2021}} 2,073 injured
| location = {{coord|2.045|101.436|display=inline,title}}
| map2 = {{Location map| Indonesia Sumatra
|relief = 2
|alt = epicenter.
|lat_deg = -2.045
|lon_deg = 101.436
| mark = Bullseye1.png
| marksize = 40
}}
| local-date = {{Start date|1995|10|07}}
}}
The 1995 Kerinci earthquake struck near Sungai Penuh in Jambi Province on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It earthquake occurred at 01:18 WIB (UTC +7) local time on October 7.{{Cite web|title=M 6.8 – Southern Sumatra, Indonesia|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00074ph/executive|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-02|publisher=United States Geological Survey|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811075448/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00074ph/executive |archive-date=2021-08-11 }} The earthquake measured 6.7 {{M|w|link=y}} on the moment magnitude scale, and 6.9–7.0 {{M|s|link=y}} on the surface-wave magnitude scale. Between 84 and possibly even 100 people were killed in the earthquake.{{cite news |title=Death Toll in Massive Sumatra Quake May Rise |url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9510/sumatra_quake/10-07/ |access-date=11 August 2021 |publisher=CNN|date=7 October 1995 |location=Padang, Indonesia}} An extimated 4,000 buildings collapsed or were seriously damaged while a further 5,000 suffered some damage.{{cite web |title=Indonesia – Earthquake Information Report No.2 |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/indonesia/indonesia-earthquake-information-report-no2 |publisher=ReliefWeb |access-date=11 August 2021 |date=8 October 1995}}
Earthquake
The earthquake was associated with shallow strike-slip faulting along the Great Sumatran fault, instead of thrust mechanism associated with the Sunda Megathrust to the west coast.{{Cite journal|last=Nanang T. Puspito and Indra Gunawan|date=2005|title=Tsunami Sources in the Sumatra Region, Indonesia and Simulation of the 26 December 2004 Aceh Tsunami|url=http://home.iitk.ac.in/~vinaykg/Iset459.pdf|journal=ISET Journal of Earthquake Technology|volume=42|issue=4|pages=111–125}} It ruptured the Siulak segment of the fault which was also involved in a magnitude 7.3 earthquake in 1909.{{cite journal |author1=Nobuo Hurukawa |author2=Biana Rahayu Wulandari |author3=Minoru Kasahara |title=Earthquake History of the Sumatran Fault, Indonesia, Since 1892, Derived from Relocation of Large Earthquakes |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |date=2014 |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=1750–1762 |doi=10.1785/0120130201 |bibcode=2014BuSSA.104.1750H |citeseerx=10.1.1.855.946 }} This segment of the fault had been quiet for an unusually long period prior to the 1995 earthquake.{{cite journal |author1=Sigit Sukmono |author2=M. T. Zen |author3=L. Hendrajaya |author4=W. G. A. Kadir |author5=D. Santoso |author6=J. Dubois |title=Fractal Pattern of the Sumatra Fault Seismicity and Its Possible Application to Earthquake Prediction |journal=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |date=1997 |volume=87 |issue=6 |pages=1685–1690 |doi=10.1785/BSSA0870061685 |bibcode=1997BuSSA..87.1685S |citeseerx=10.1.1.889.8705 |s2cid=131621200 }}
Impact
The damage occurred mainly in the valley linear to the Great Sumatran fault. Serious damage was reported north of Lake Kerinci.{{cite journal |author1=Kerry Sieh |author2=Danny Natawidjaja |author2-link=Danny Hilman Natawidjaja |title=Neotectonics of the Sumatran Fault, Indonesia |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |date=2000 |volume=105 |issue=B12 |pages=28295–28326 |doi=10.1029/2000JB900120 |bibcode=2000JGR...10528295S |hdl=10356/95544 |url=https://earthobservatory.sg/files/publications/pdf/Neotectonicosf%20the%20Sumatran%20fault,%20Indonesia.pdf |access-date=2021-08-11 |archive-date=2022-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226103053/https://earthobservatory.sg/files/publications/pdf/Neotectonicosf%20the%20Sumatran%20fault,%20Indonesia.pdf |url-status=dead }} The earthquake triggered large landslides around the valley, burying many residents. The Associated Press reported that at least 100 people had been killed as a result of the earthquake.{{Cite news|last=FADYL|first=GHAFUR|date=October 7, 1995|title=At Least 100 Killed as Earthquake Hits Indonesia's Sumatra Island|work=Associated Press News|url=https://apnews.com/article/2304dc43bf7279718fac325cf3704b82|access-date=2021-03-02}} An additional 773 people sustained serious injuries while 1,300 others were minor. There were earlier reports that suggested in the village of Kematan in Jambi Province lost 15 residents.{{cite news |author1=Ghafur Fadyl |title=Massive Earthquake Hits Sumatra, Many Lives Lost Hospitals Overwhelmed By Dead And Injured |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1995/oct/07/massive-earthquake-hits-sumatra-many-lives-lost/ |access-date=11 August 2021 |publisher=The Spokesman-Review |date=7 October 1995}}
A total of more than 17,600 buildings were affected, 4,000 of them were destroyed or seriously damaged, leaving 65,000 people homeless.{{cite web |title=M 6.8 – 5 Km ENE of Sungai Penuh, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp00074ph/executive |publisher=United States Geological Survey |access-date=11 August 2021}} Rescue and recovery efforts were disrupted by the inaccessibility of the area, as well as damaged roads and wet weather conditions.
The earthquake was also reportedly felt in Singapore, where it caused some panic and drove many residents out of their homes. Despite the 470 km distance from the epicenter, the quake rattled lamps and furnitures in tall apartment buildings.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Earthquakes in 1995}}
{{Earthquakes in Indonesia}}
Category:Earthquakes in Sumatra