1MV

{{Short description|Soviet unmanned Venus and Mars probe design}}

{{Infobox spacecraft class|manufacturer=OKB-1|operator=Soviet Space Program|Succeeded=2MV|name=1MV|image=File:Venera 1_(a)_(Memorial Museum of Astronautics).JPG|operational=1960-1961|country=Soviet Union}}

The 1MV planetary probe (short for 1st generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet uncrewed probes to Mars and Venus.{{Cite web |title=Mars 1M |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-1m.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Venera 1VA |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-1va.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}} It was standard practice of the Soviet space program to use standardized components as much as possible.

All probes shared the same general characteristics and differed only in equipment necessary for specific missions.{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi1mCYJWBwAC&q=2mv+probe&pg=PA26 | title=Robotic Exploration of the Solar System: Part I: The Golden Age 1957-1982| isbn=9780387739830| last1=Ulivi| first1=Paolo| last2=Harland| first2=David M.| date=2007-12-08| publisher=Springer}} Each probe also incorporated improvements based on experience with earlier missions.

It was superseded by the 2MV family.