2MV
{{Short description|Soviet uncrewed Venus and Mars probe design}}
{{Infobox spacecraft class|name=2MV|country=Soviet Union|operator=Soviet Space Program|manufacturer=OKB-1|Succeeded=3MV|Preceded=1MV|image=File:Mars 1 NASA.jpg}}
The 2MV planetary probe (short for 2nd generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet uncrewed probes to Mars and Venus.{{Cite web |title=2MV |url=http://www.astronautix.com/fam/2mv.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308230209/http://www.astronautix.com/fam/2mv.htm |archive-date=8 March 2016 |website=www.astronautix.com}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
It was an incremental improvement of earlier 1MV probes and was used for the Venera 5 and Venera 6 missions to Venus. It was standard practice of the Soviet space program to use standardized components as much as possible.
All probes shared the same general characteristics and differed only in equipment necessary for specific missions.{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fi1mCYJWBwAC&q=2mv+probe&pg=PA26 | title=Robotic Exploration of the Solar System: Part I: The Golden Age 1957-1982| isbn=9780387739830| last1=Ulivi| first1=Paolo| last2=Harland| first2=David M.| date=2007-12-08| publisher=Springer}} Each probe also incorporated improvements based on experience with earlier missions.
It was superseded by the 3MV family.
Design
The probe consisted of three primary parts.
=Orbital Compartment=
The core of the stack was a pressurized compartment called the Orbital Compartment measuring 2.1 meters with a diameter of 1.1 meters.
Also mounted on the Orbital Compartment was a parabolic high-gain antenna, used for long-range communications.
=Payloads=
=Engine=
Course correction capabilities were provided by a KDU-414 engine attached to the top of the Orbital Compartment.
Variants
- 2MV-1: Venera 2MV-1 No.1 (Sputnik 19), Venera 2MV-1 No.2 (Sputnik 20){{Cite web |title=Venera (2a), (2b) (2MV-1 #1, 2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-2mv-1.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}
- 2MV-2: Venera 2MV-2 No.1 (Sputnik 21){{Cite web |title=Venera (2c) (2MV-2 #1) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-2mv-2.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}
- 2MV-4: Mars 2MV-4 No.1 (Sputnik 22), Mars 1 (Mars 2MV-4 or Sputnik 23){{Cite web |title=Mars 1 (2MV-4 #1, 2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-2mv-4.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}
- 2MV-3: Mars 2MV-3 No.1 (Sputnik 24){{Cite web |title=Mars (2a) (2MV-3 #1) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-2mv-3.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}
- 2V (V-69): Venera 5 (2V (V-69) No.330), Venera 6 (2V (V-69) No.331){{Cite web |title=Venera 5, 6 (V-69 #1, 2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-v69.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}
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