1 Samuel 10

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 27 verses.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=35-37}} Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSam{{sup|a}}; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 3–12, 14, 16, 18, 24–27.{{sfn|Ulrich|2010|pp=270–271}}[https://thewaytoyahuweh.com/dead-sea-scrolls/general-info/#1_samuel Dead sea scrolls – 1 Samuel]{{sfn|Fitzmyer|2008|p=35}}[https://www.deadseascrolls.org.il/explore-the-archive/manuscript/4Q51-1 4Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library]

Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle=Codex Sinaiticus}}}}

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• Bethel
• Gibeah
• Gilgal
• Mizpah
• Ramah
• Tabor

The anointing of Saul, as performed by Samuel under God's direction, set the king apart from the rest of the people as "anointed of the Lord" (cf. 1 Samuel 12:3, 1 Samuel 12:5, etc.), and sanctified as {{lang|he|נגיד}}, nagid, which is "prince" or "ruler" (also "captain", "leader" or "commander".Keil, Carl Friedrich; Delitzsch, Franz. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/kad/1_samuel/10.htm Commentary on the Old Testament (1857–1878). 1 Samuel 10]. Accessed 24 Juni 2018.

:Then Samuel took a flask of oil and poured it on his head, and kissed him and said: “Is it not because the Lord has anointed you commander over His inheritance?"{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|10:1|NKJV}} NKJV

• "Flask of oil" (KJV: "vial of oil"): not using a "horn of oil" as in the cases of David and Solomon (cf. 1 Samuel 2:10), only one other king, Jehu, was anointed like Saul, and similarly, although also initiated by YHWH, their reigns were far from ideal.{{sfn|Evans|2018|p=118}}
• "Inheritance": according to Masoretic Text, Targum and Vulgate, whereas Septuagint has "people Israel; and you shall rule the people of the Lord", followed in Septuagint and Vulgate with "And you shall deliver His people from the hands of their enemies all around them. And this shall be a sign to you, that God has anointed you to be a prince."Note on 1 Samuel 10:1 in NKJV

This section can be considered the continuation of the narrative in 1 Samuel 8:1–22 that the previously dismissed assembly was at this time reconvened to appoint a king.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=205}} Samuel started by saying a judgement oracle (verses17–19) that the people chose to reject God and elect a king, despite God's continuous protection and ability to deliver them.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=205}} The election by lot was used elsewhere to find a hidden offender (Joshua 7; 1 Samuel 14:38-44), but this time, it is to confirm that Saul was God's choice, which was also acclaimed because of Saul's stature (verses 21b–27; cf. 1 Samuel 9:2).{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=205}} YHWH's displeasure with the people's request to have a king

did not make Saul's election invalid.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=205}} The public acclamation of Saul (verse 24), an important element in a king's installation (cf. 1 Kings 1:25, 34, 39; 2 Kings 11:12), was followed by the reading of the rights and duties of the kingship (cf. 1 Samuel 8:11–18; Deuteronomy 17:18–20), establishing the 'subjugation of the monarchy to prophetic authority'.{{sfn|Jones|2007|p=205}}

:And Samuel said to all the people, "Do you see him whom the Lord has chosen, that there is no one like him among all the people?"

:So all the people shouted and said, "Long live the king!"{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|10:24|NKJV}} NKJV

• "Long live the king": from Hebrew which means "May the king live".Note on 1 Samuel 10:24 in NKJV

:Then Samuel told the people the manner of the kingdom, and wrote it in a book, and laid it up before the Lord. And Samuel sent all the people away, every man to his house.{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|10:25|NKJV}} NKJV

• "The manner of the kingdom": probably refers to the regulations related to kingship given to Moses in Deuteronomy 17:14–20.Note on 1 Samuel 10:25 in NET Bible

:But some worthless fellows said, “How can this man save us?” And they despised him and brought him no present. But he held his peace.{{bibleref2|1 Samuel|10:27|ESV}} ESV

• "Worthless fellows" (KJV: "children of Belial"): literally "sons of worthlessness" (cf. 1 Samuel 2:12).Note [a] on 1 Samuel 10:27 in NET Bible
• "He held his peace": or "Saul kept silent".Note on 1 Samuel 10:27 in NKJV Septuagint has an addition "after about a month" after this statement, which is supported by a hand correction of a manuscript among Dead Sea Scrolls.Note [b] on 1 Samuel 10:27 in NET Bible

There is a textual variation between verse 27 and chapter 11 found in The Samuel Scroll, one of the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Masoretic text has something of an abrupt transition between 10:27 and 11:1, which changes topics to discuss the actions of Nahash of Ammon. The Dead Sea Scrolls version includes four sentences introducing Nahash as oppressing the nearby Jewish tribes. Additionally, the historian Josephus's work Jewish Antiquities features a very similar sentence that seems to be a paraphrase of the same material. It is unclear whether older forms of the text lacked the section, and a scribe added it to the Dead Sea Scrolls version as a bridge, or if the reverse occurred and a scribal error dropped copying the section for the copies that would later become the basis for the Masoretic text. If such an error did occur, it apparently happened early enough to affect the Greek translation of Samuel in the Septuagint as well.

{{cite book |author-last=Harrelson |author-first=Walter |chapter=Recent Discoveries and Bible Translation |title=The Making of the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible |location=Grand Rapids, MI |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1991 |isbn=978-0-802-80620-8 |pages=25-27 }}

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

• Kish
• Matri
• Mount Tabor
• Pipe
• Psaltery
• Tabret
• Zelzah

}}

{{Portal|Bible}}

• Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 2, 1 Samuel 8, 1 Samuel 9, 1 Samuel 11

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{{reflist}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{Cite book|last=Auld|first=Graeme|chapter=1 & 2 Samuel|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 |editor=James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson|title=Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8028-3711-0}}
• {{Cite book|last=Bergen|first=David T.|title=1, 2 Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC |publisher=B&H Publishing Group|year=1996|isbn=978-0-8054-0107-3}}
• {{Cite book| last=Chapman |first= Stephen B. |title= 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary |publisher= Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company |year= 2016 |isbn= 978-1-4674-4516-0 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ }}
• {{Cite book| last=Evans |first= Paul |title= 1-2 Samuel | series = The Story of God Bible Commentary | editor-first= Tremper | editor-last= Longman |publisher= Zondervan Academic |year= 2018 |isbn= 978-0-310-49094-4 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ }}
• {{Cite book|last=Gordon|first=Robert|title=I & II Samuel, A Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338|publisher=Paternoster Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-310-23022-9}}
• {{Cite book|last=Hertzberg|first=Hans Wilhelm|title=I & II Samuel, A Commentary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19|publisher=Westminster John Knox Press|year=1964|edition=trans. from German 2nd edition 1960|isbn=978-0-664-22318-2|page=19}}
• {{Cite book|last=Tsumura|first=David Toshio|title=The First Book of Samuel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC |publisher=Eerdmans|year=2007|isbn=978-0-8028-2359-5}}

{{Refend}}

{{Refbegin}}

• {{Cite book|last=Breytenbach|first=Andries|title=Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets |publisher= Brill| year=2000|chapter=Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50|editor=Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy|isbn=9789004118713}}
• {{cite book | last= Coogan| first = Michael David | author-link= Michael D. Coogan | title = The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 | editor-last1 = Coogan | editor-first1= Michael David | editor-first2 = Marc Zvi | editor-last2 = Brettler | editor-first3 = Carol Ann | editor-last3 = Newsom | editor-first4= Pheme | editor-last4 = Perkins | edition= Augmented 3rd | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 2007 |isbn = 978-0-19-528881-0 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ}}
• {{cite book|last = Fitzmyer|first = Joseph A.|title = A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature|publisher = William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC | year = 2008|isbn = 978-0-8028-6241-9|location = Grand Rapids, MI }}
• {{cite book | last= Halley | first= Henry H. | author-link= Henry Hampton Halley | title= Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary |edition=24th (revised)| publisher= Zondervan Publishing House | date= 1965 | url= https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr | url-access= registration| isbn= 0-310-25720-4}}
• {{Cite book | last = Hayes | first = Christine | title = Introduction to the Bible |publisher = Yale University Press | year = 2015 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC |isbn = 978-0-300-18827-1}}
• {{cite book|last= Jones | first= Gwilym H. | chapter = 12. 1 and 2 Samuel | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John | editor-last1 = Barton | editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John | editor-last2= Muddiman | editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press | edition= first (paperback) | year = 2007 | pages = 196–232 | isbn = 978-0-19-927718-6 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ | access-date=February 6, 2019}}
• {{Cite book|last=Klein|first=R.W.|chapter=Samuel, books of|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C |editor=Bromiley, Geoffrey W|title=The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia|publisher=Eerdmans|year=2003|isbn=978-0-8028-3784-4}}
• {{Cite book|last=Knight|first=Douglas A|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62|editor=James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards|chapter=Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists|title=Old Testament Interpretation|publisher=T&T Clark|year=1995|isbn=978-0-567-29289-6 }}
• {{Cite book | editor-last = Ulrich | editor-first = Eugene | title = The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants | year = 2010 | publisher = Brill | url = https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls }}
• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = Wm. B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes | isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

{{Refend}}

• Jewish translations:
• [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/15839/showrashi/true Shmuel I – I Samuel – Chapter 10 (Judaica Press)]. Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
• Christian translations:
• [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=9&chapter=10&version=9 1 Samuel chapter 10. Bible Gateway]

{{First Book of Samuel}}

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10

Category:Samuel

Category:Saul