1st Iranian Majlis

{{Short description|1st term of the Iranian Majles}}

{{Infobox legislative term

| name = 1st National Consultative Assembly

| image = Representatives of the First Iranian Parliament WDL11288.png

| image_size = 250px

| alt =

| caption = Members of the First Majlis

| country = Sublime State of Iran

| meeting_place = Baharestan

| election = 1906

| government =

| term_start = {{Start date|1906|10|7|df=y}}

| term_end = {{End date|1908|6|23|df=y}}

| before =

| after = 2nd

| chamber1 = National Consultative Assembly

| membership1 = 160

| chamber1_leader1_type = Speaker

| chamber1_leader1 = Morteza Gholi Khan Hedayat

}}

The 1st Iranian Majlis was a national legislative assembly from 7 October 1906, to 23 June 1908. This was the result of the constitutional movement emerging in Iran, opposing growing foreign influence, and aiming at limiting the Shah's power. {{Cite book |last=Clancy-Smith |first=Julia Ann |url=https://archive.org/details/modernmiddleeast0000clan |title=The modern Middle East and North Africa : a history in documents |date=2013 |publisher=New York : Oxford University Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-19-533827-0}}The ruling Shah when the Assembly first opened was Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar.

The main result of the 1st Majlis was the 1906 constitution, limiting the shah's authority, and conditioning foreign concessions to the newly established Parliament's approval {{Cite book |last=Clancy-Smith |first=Julia Ann |url=https://archive.org/details/modernmiddleeast0000clan |title=The modern Middle East and North Africa : a history in documents |date=2013 |publisher=New York : Oxford University Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-19-533827-0}}

Mozaffar's son and successor, Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar, became Shah on 21 January 1907.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} He was against the constitution that was ratified during the reign of his father. In 1907, Mohammad Ali dissolved the Majles (Iranian parliament/National assembly) and declared the Constitution abolished because it was contrary to Islamic law.{{cite book| last =Donzel| first =Emeri "van"| year =1994| title =Islamic Desk Reference| publisher =| location =| isbn =90-04-09738-4| url-access =registration| url =https://archive.org/details/islamicdeskrefer00donz_0|pages=285-286}} On 23 June 1908, the Shah bombarded the Majles with the military and political support of Russia and Britain.{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/iran/story/2006/07/060724_pm-ma-constitution-sem.shtml|title=گزارشی از سمینار 'سده انقلاب مشروطیت ایران' در لندن|date=2006|last=Mostofi|first=Babak|publisher=BBC|access-date=2022-08-14|language=fa}}{{cite web|url=http://iichs.org/index_en.asp?id=630&doc_cat=23|title=The Bombardemant of Majlis, June 23rd 1908|date=n.d.|publisher=Institute for Iranian Studies|access-date=2022-08-14}}{{cite web |url=http://fouman.com/history/Iranian_History_1908.html|title=Russians Bombard Iran's Parliament|publisher=Fouman.com|access-date=2022-08-14|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080623192130/http://fouman.com/history/Iranian_History_1908.html}}

Morteza Gholi Khan Hedayat was the first Chairman of the period. According to W. Morgan Shuster, "Five days later [measured from February 1st] the Persian Minister of Finance, Saniu'd-Dawleh was shot and killed in the streets of Tehran by two Georgians, who also succeeded in wounding four of the Persian police before they were captured. The Russian consular authorities promptly refused to allow these men to be tried by the Persian Government, and took them out of the country under Russian protection, claiming that they would be suitably punished".