2010 Nobel Prizes
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The 2010 Nobel Prizes were awarded by the Nobel Foundation, based in Sweden. Six categories were awarded: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace, and Economic Sciences.{{Cite web |title=All Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/2019-2010/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}
Nobel Week took place from December 6 to 12, including programming such as lectures, dialogues, and discussions. The award ceremony and banquet for the Peace Prize were scheduled in Oslo on December 10, while the award ceremony and banquet for all other categories were scheduled for the same day in Stockholm.{{Cite web |last=Royen |first=Ulrika |date=2013-06-01 |title=Video - 2010 The Nobel Prize Award Ceremony |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/ceremony/the-nobel-prize-award-ceremony-2010-2010/ |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US}}{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Peter |date=2010-12-10 |title=Nobel peace prize placed on empty chair in honour of Liu Xiaobo |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/10/nobel-peace-prize-liu-xiaobo |access-date=2024-12-10 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}
Prizes
= Physics =
| class="wikitable"
|+ ! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 105x105px
(b. 1958) | rowspan="2" |{{flagdeco|Russia}} Russian {{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} British | rowspan="2" |"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene" | rowspan="2" |{{cite web |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2010/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221326/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2010/index.html |archive-date=7 October 2010 |access-date=5 October 2010 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}} |
| 113x113px
(b. 1974) |
= Chemistry =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 113x113px
(1931–2015) |{{flagdeco|United States}} American | rowspan="3" |"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis" |
| 100x100px
(1935–2021) | rowspan="2" |{{flagdeco|Japan}} Japanese |
| 112x112px
(b. 1930) |
= Physiology or Medicine =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 100x100px
|Sir Robert G. Edwards (1925–2013) |{{flag|United Kingdom}} |"for the development of in vitro fertilization" |
= Literature =
{{Main page|2010 Nobel Prize in Literature}}
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" |Awardee(s) ! |
| 116x116px
(b. 1936) |{{flag|Peru}} {{flag|Spain}} |"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat" |
= Peace =
{{Main page|2010 Nobel Peace Prize}}
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 140x140px
|Liu Xiaobo{{Ref label|Liu Xiaobo|A |
(1955–2017)
|{{Flag|China}}
|"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China."
|}
= Economic Sciences =
| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" |Awardee(s) |
| 96x96px
(b. 1940) | rowspan="2" |{{flag|United States}} | rowspan="3" |"for their analysis of markets with search frictions" |
| 104x104px
(1939–2014) |
| 107x107px
(b. 1948) |{{flag|Cyprus}} {{flag|United Kingdom}} |
{{Note label|Liu Xiaobo|A|}}Liu Xiaobo's Prize was awarded in absentia because he was imprisoned in China.{{cite web |last=Jagland |first=Thorbjørn |author-link=Thorbjørn Jagland |title=Award Ceremony Speech (2010) |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/presentation-speech.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906071936/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2010/presentation-speech.html |archive-date=2011-09-06 |access-date=2011-10-06 |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}
Controversies
= Peace =
Led by pressure from China, several countries boycotted the awards ceremony in Sweden due to the Peace Prize's awarding to Liu. China also announced the inauguration of their own peace prize, the Confucius Peace Prize, to be awarded the day before the Nobel Prizes award ceremony.{{Cite news |last=Cowell |first=Alan |date=December 7, 2010 |title=19 Countries to Skip Nobel Ceremony, While China Offers Its Own Prize |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/world/08nobel.html}}
== References ==