Ei-ichi Negishi

Negishi was born in Xinjing (today known as Changchun), the capital of Manchukuo, in July 1935.{{Cite news

|url = http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-168485-storytopic-1.html |script-title=ja:ノーベル化学賞に鈴木、根岸氏 |date = October 6, 2010 |access-date = October 6, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101130201753/http://ryukyushimpo.jp/news/storyid-168485-storytopic-1.html |archive-date = November 30, 2010 |newspaper = 琉球新報}} Following the transfer of his father who worked at the South Manchuria Railway in 1936, he moved to Harbin, and lived eight years there.{{Cite news |url = http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGKDZO46760710R01C12A0BC8000/ |script-title=ja:（私の履歴書）根岸英一（2） 1年早く就学 8歳まで満州で生活 遊びに熱中、冬はスケート |date = October 2, 2012 |access-date = August 30, 2015 |newspaper = The Nikkei }} In 1943, when he was nine, the Negishi family moved to Incheon, and a year later to Kyongsong Prefecture (now Seoul), both in Japanese-occupied Korea. In November 1945, three months after World War II ended, they moved to Japan. Since he excelled as a student, a year ahead of what would have been his graduation from grammar school, he was admitted to an elite secondary school, Shonan High School.Chapman, Kit, [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01828-9 Ei-ichi Negishi (1935–2021)], Nature, July 1, 2021 At the age of 17, he gained admission to the University of Tokyo. After graduation from the University of Tokyo in 1958, Negishi did his internship at Teijin, where he conducted research on polymer chemistry.{{Cite web|last=BMBSC|date=November 27, 2019|title=Ei-ichi Negishi|url=https://www.birlasciencecentre.org/ei-ichi-negishi/|access-date=June 12, 2021|website=Birla|language=en-US|archive-date=June 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621130702/https://www.birlasciencecentre.org/ei-ichi-negishi/|url-status=dead}} Later, he continued his studies in the United States after having won a Fulbright Scholarship and obtained his Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1963, under the supervision of professor Allan R. Day.{{cite web |title=Penn Chemistry Alumnus wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry |url=https://www.chem.upenn.edu/news-item/2010/10/penn-chemistry-alumnus-wins-nobel-prize-chemistry |website=www.chem.upenn.edu |publisher=Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania |access-date=June 12, 2021 |date=October 5, 2010 |quote=Prof. Negishi received his Ph.D. from Penn Chemistry in 1963 under the supervision of Prof. Allan R. Day.}}

Image:Nobel Prize 2010-Press Conference KVA-DSC 8019.jpg, Dale T. Mortensen, Christopher A. Pissarides, Konstantin Novoselov, Andre Geim, Akira Suzuki, Ei-ichi Negishi, and Richard Heck, Nobel Prize Laureates 2010, at a press conference at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm]]

After obtaining his Ph.D., Negishi decided to become an academic researcher.（私の履歴書）根岸英一（10） 帝人に復帰 大学で「優」連発、自信に 新製品阻まれ学会へ転進、日本経済新聞、2012年10月10日 Although he was hoping to work at a Japanese university, he could not find a position.[http://mainichi.jp/select/wadai/news/20101007k0000e040036000c.html ノーベル化学賞：根岸さんうっすら涙「来るものが来た」] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120719211712/http://mainichi.jp/select/wadai/news/20101007k0000e040036000c.html |date=July 19, 2012 }}、毎日新聞（電子版）、2010年10月7日 In 1966 he resigned from Teijin, and became a postdoctoral associate at Purdue University, working under future Nobel laureate Herbert C. Brown. From 1968 to 1972 he was an instructor at Purdue.{{cite encyclopedia|last1=|title=Negishi Ei-ichi|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Negishi-Ei-ichi|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=March 15, 2018|date=April 24, 2017}}

In 1972, he became an assistant professor at Syracuse University, where began his lifelong study of transition metal–catalyzed reactions, and was promoted to associate professor in 1979.{{cite news |title=Ei-ichi Negishi, Nobel Prize Winner in Chemistry and Former Faculty Member, Dies at 85 |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2021/06/25/ei-ichi-negishi-nobel-prize-winner-in-chemistry-and-former-faculty-member-dies-at-85/ |access-date=July 4, 2021 |work=SU News |date=June 25, 2021}} He returned to Purdue University as a full professor in the same year.{{cite news |title=Syracuse University congratulates Ei-ichi Negishi on the 2010 Nobel Prize in chemistry |url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2010/10/07/syracuse-university-congratulates-ei-ichi-negishi-on-the-2010-nobel-prize-for-chemistry/ |access-date=July 22, 2020 |work=SU News |date=October 7, 2010}}

He discovered Negishi coupling, a process which condenses organic zinc compounds and organic halides under a palladium or nickel catalyst to obtain a C–C bonded product. For this achievement, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2010.{{Cite news

|url = http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/101006/acd1010061854009-n1.htm |title = ノーベル化学賞に鈴木名誉教授と根岸氏 |date = October 6, 2010 |newspaper = Sankei Shimbun |access-date = October 6, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006181652/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/culture/academic/101006/acd1010061854009-n1.htm

|archive-date = October 6, 2010}} Negishi also reported that organoaluminum compounds and organic zirconium compounds can be used for cross-coupling. He did not seek a patent for this coupling technology and explained his reasoning as follows: "If we did not obtain a patent, we thought that everyone could use our results easily."{{cite news |title = 根岸・鈴木氏、特許取得せず…栄誉の道開く一因 |publisher = Yomiuri Shimbun |date = October 7, 2010 |url = http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/science/news/20101007-OYT1T00571.htm |access-date = October 8, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101009103442/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/science/news/20101007-OYT1T00571.htm |archive-date = October 9, 2010 }}

In addition, Zr(C{{sub|5}}H{{sub|5}}){{sub|2}} obtained by reducing zirconocene dichloride is also called Negishi reagent, which can be used in oxidative cyclisation reactions.{{cite book|last=Ilan |first=Marek |title=New Aspects of Zirconium Containing Organic Compounds|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RATyL6Xn4s8C&pg=PA138|date=February 18, 2005|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-22221-7|pages=138–}}{{cite web | last=Bloodworth | first=Sally | title=Negishi's reagent | website=Chemistry World | date=July 3, 2020 | url=https://www.chemistryworld.com/opinion/negishis-reagent/4011978.article | access-date=June 12, 2021}} The technique he developed is estimated to be used in a quarter of all reactions in the pharmaceutical industry.

By the time Negishi retired in 2019, he had published more than 400 academic papers. He was committed to instilling rigorous practices in his lab, emphasizing the need of keeping organized and comprehensive records. Before any separations, he asked his student to evaluate crude reaction mixtures in order to minimize loss of any useful scientific information.

Image:Nobel_Laureates_for_Chemistry_2010.jpg, Negishi, and Heck (2010)]]

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• 1996 – A. R. Day Award (ACS Philadelphia Section award)
• 1997 – Chemical Society of Japan Award
• 1998 – Herbert N. McCoy Award
• 1998 – American Chemical Society Award for Organometallic Chemistry
• 1998–2000 – Alexander von Humboldt Senior Researcher Award
• 2003 – Sigma Xi Award, Purdue University{{Cite web|url=https://www.purdue.edu/research/sigmaxi/awards/faculty/2003-faculty-awards.html|title=Purdue University: Sigma XI: Faculty Research Awards 2003|website=www.purdue.edu}}
• 2007 – Yamada–Koga Prize
• 2007 – Gold Medal of Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic{{Cite web|url=https://news.syr.edu/blog/2012/01/25/ei-ichi-negishi/|title=2010 Nobel laureate to speak at University Feb. 1|date=January 25, 2012 }}
• 2010 – Nobel Prize in Chemistry
• 2010 – ACS Award for Creative Work in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
• 2015 – Fray International Sustainability Award, SIPS 2015{{Cite web|url=https://www.flogen.org/?p=38&bio=Negishi|title=Ei-ichi Negishi Winner of the Fray Award|website=www.flogen.org}}

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• 1960–61 – Fulbright–Smith–Mundt Fellowship
• 1962–63 – Harrison Fellowship at University of Pennsylvania
• 1986 – Guggenheim Fellowship{{cite web |title=Ei-ichi Negishi |url=https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/ei-ichi-negishi/ |website=Guggenheim Fellows |publisher=John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation |access-date=June 12, 2021 |quote=Fellow: Awarded 1986; Field of Study: Chemistry}}
• 2000 – Sir Edward Frankland Prize Lectureship{{cite journal|year=2001|title=Professor Ei-ichi Negishi|journal=J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1|issue=9|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|pages=9–xii|doi=10.1039/b009326m}}
• 2009 – Invited Lectureship, 4th Mitsui International Catalysis Symposium (MICS-4), Kisarazu, Japan
• 2010 – Order of Culture{{cite magazine |title=Negishi And Suzuki Awarded Japan's Order Of Culture |url=https://cen.acs.org/articles/88/i48/Negishi-Suzuki-Awarded-Japans-Order.html |volume=88 |issue=48 |access-date=July 4, 2021 |magazine=Chemical & Engineering News |publisher=American Chemical Society |date=November 29, 2010 |issn=}}
• 2010 – Person of Cultural Merit{{Cite web|url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/general/2010/101027NegishiHonor.html|title=Purdue's Nobel laureate wins Japan's highest cultural honor|website=www.purdue.edu}}
• 2011 – Sagamore of the Wabash
• 2011 – Order of the Griffin, Purdue University{{Cite web|url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/faculty/2011/110204NegishiOrderofGriff.html|title=Purdue's Nobel Laureate receives Order of the Griffin|website=www.purdue.edu}}
• 2011 – Fellow, American Academy of Arts & Sciences
• 2011 – Honorary doctor of science, University of Pennsylvania.{{Cite web|url=https://almanac.upenn.edu/archive/volumes/v57/n26/hd.html|title=03/22/11, Penn's 2011 Honorary Degree Recipients and the 2011 Commencement Speaker – Almanac, Vol. 57, No. 26|website=almanac.upenn.edu}}
• 2012 – Honorary Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC){{Cite web|url=https://www.asianscientist.com/2012/06/academia/rsc-honorary-fellowship-ei-ichi-negishi-akira-suzuki-2012/|title=Japanese Nobel Prize Chemists Honored By Royal Society Of Chemistry|date=June 12, 2012|website=Asian Scientist Magazine}}
• 2014 – Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/20033177.html|title=National Academy of Sciences}}

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Negishi began dating Sumire Suzuki in his freshman year and they announced their engagement to their parents in March 1958.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2010/negishi/biographical/|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010|website=NobelPrize.org}} They had met at a choir of which they were both members at in university. They married the next year and together they had two daughters.

Negishi loved playing the piano and conducting. During the "Pacifichem" 2015 conference's closing ceremony, he conducted an orchestra.{{cite journal |last1=Ma |first1=Shengming |title=Ei-ichi Negishi (1935–2021) |journal=Science |date=July 23, 2021 |volume=373 |issue=6553 |pages=400 |doi=10.1126/science.abk0608 |publisher=AAAS |pmid=34437110 |bibcode=2021Sci...373..400M |language=en |issn=0036-8075|doi-access=free }}

On the evening of March 12, 2018, both Negishi and his wife were reported missing by family members. Police determined that, based on a purchase made earlier in the day, the couple had left their home in West Lafayette, Indiana, and headed north. At about 5 a.m. the next day, officers in Ogle County, Illinois, received a call to check on the welfare of an elderly man who was walking on a rural road south of Rockford. When he was taken to hospital, officers identified him as Negishi and found that police in Indiana were looking for him and his wife. A short time later, Suzuki's body was found at the Orchard Hills Landfill in Davis Junction, along with the couple's car.{{cite news |last1=Bangert |first1=Dave |title=Police: No foul play in death of wife of Purdue Nobel Prize winner found in Illinois |url=https://www.jconline.com/story/news/2018/03/13/wife-purdue-nobel-winner-found-dead-illinois-landfill-after-couple-reported-missing/422911002/ |access-date=July 22, 2020 |work=Journal and Courier |date=March 13, 2018}}

According to a statement from the family, the couple was driving to Rockford International Airport for a trip when their car became stuck in a ditch on a road near the landfill. Negishi went looking for help and was said to be suffering from an "acute state of confusion and shock". The Ogle County Sheriff Department said there was no suspicion of foul play in Suzuki's death, although the cause of her death was not immediately released. The family said Suzuki was near the end of her battle with Parkinson's disease.

In May 2018, an autopsy concluded that Suzuki died from hypothermia, but Parkinson's disease and hypertension were contributing factors.{{Cite web|url=https://www.jconline.com/story/news/local/purdue/2018/05/14/autopsy-hypothermia-complicated-parkinsons-killed-profs-wife/609019002/|title=Autopsy: Hypothermia, complicated by Parkinson's and hypertension killed professor's wife|first=Ron|last=Wilkins|website=Journal and Courier}}

Negishi died in Indianapolis, Indiana, on June 6, 2021. He was 85 years old. No funeral services took place in the United States, but his family planned to lay him to rest in Japan in 2022.{{Cite web|url=https://www.purdue.edu/newsroom/releases/2021/Q2/ei-ichi-negishi,-one-of-2-nobel-prize-winners-from-purdue-university,-dies.html|title=Ei-ichi Negishi, one of 2 Nobel Prize winners from Purdue University, dies|first=Purdue News|last=Service|website=www.purdue.edu}}{{cite news |last1=Chang |first1=Kenneth |title=Ei-ichi Negishi, Nobel Prize Winner in Chemistry, Dies at 85 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/22/science/ei-ichi-negishi-dead.html |access-date=July 4, 2021 |work=The New York Times |date=June 22, 2021}}{{Cite web|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/06/888b5b3c05fa-nobel-laureate-japanese-scholar-negishi-dies-at-85.html|title=Japanese Nobel laureate chemist Negishi dies at 85|first=KYODO|last=NEWS|website=Kyodo News+}}

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