2011 Canadian census
{{Short description|2011 enumeration of the Canadian population}}
{{Infobox census
| name = 2011 Canadian census
| logo = Canada Census 2011 logo.png
| logo_size =
| logo_caption =
| image = Statistics Canada logo.svg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| country = Canada
| date = May 10, 2011
| population = 33,476,688
| percent_change = {{gain}} 5.9%
| annual_percent_change =
| region_type = province/territory
| most_populous = Ontario (12,851,821)
| least_populous = Nunavut (31,906)
| previous_census = 2006 Canadian census
| previous_year = 2006
| next_census = 2016 Canadian census
| next_year = 2016
}}
The 2011 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population on May 10, 2011. Statistics Canada, an agency of the Canadian government, conducts a nationwide census every five years. In 2011, it consisted of a mandatory short form census questionnaire and an inaugural National Household Survey (NHS),{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/survey-enquete/household-menages/5178-eng.htm |title=National Household Survey |publisher=Statcan.gc.ca |date=April 21, 2011 |access-date=June 9, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603225424/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/survey-enquete/household-menages/5178-eng.htm |archive-date=June 3, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}{{cite web |title= Statement on 2011 Census |url=http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/ic1.nsf/eng/05709.html |publisher= Industry Canada |date=July 13, 2010 |access-date=August 11, 2010}} a voluntary survey which replaced the mandatory long form census questionnaire; this substitution was the focus of much controversy. Completion of the (short form) census is mandatory for all Canadians, and those who do not complete it may face penalties ranging from fines to prison sentences.{{cite web |title=Has anyone ever been jailed for not filling out the long form census? |url=http://communities.canada.com/VANNET/blogs/commcons/archive/2010/08/04/has-anyone-ever-been-jailed-for-not-filling-out-the-long-form-census.aspx |publisher=Canada.com Blogs |date=August 4, 2010 |access-date=August 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506055353/http://communities.canada.com/vannet/blogs/commcons/archive/2010/08/04/has-anyone-ever-been-jailed-for-not-filling-out-the-long-form-census.aspx |archive-date=May 6, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}
The Statistics Act mandates a Senate and/or House of Commons (joint) committee review of the opt-in clause (for the release of one's census records after 92 years) by 2014.{{cite web|url=http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=s18&source=library_prb&Parl=38&Ses=1|title=Bill S-18: An Act to amend the Statistics Act|access-date=July 3, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060714183730/http://www.parl.gc.ca/common/bills_ls.asp?lang=E&ls=s18&source=library_prb&Parl=38&Ses=1|archive-date=July 14, 2006|url-status=dead}}
The 2011 census was the fifteenth decennial census and, like other censuses, was required by section 8 of the Constitution Act, 1867.{{cite web |url=http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/const/const1867.html#sec8 |title=Constitution Act, 1867 |publisher=Canlii.org |access-date=June 9, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810164041/http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/const/const1867.html#sec8 |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |df=mdy-all }} As with other decennial censuses, the data was used to adjust federal electoral district boundaries.{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.ca/content.asp?section=gen&document=ec90820&dir=bkg&lang=e|title=Elections Canada: General Information|access-date=July 3, 2006}}
As of August 24, 2011, Canada's overall collection response rate was 98.1%,{{cite web | url=http://census2011.gc.ca/ccr01/ccr01_014-eng.htm | title=2011 Census: Response Rates | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=August 24, 2011 | access-date=September 20, 2011 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020184642/http://census2011.gc.ca/ccr01/ccr01_014-eng.htm | archive-date=October 20, 2011 | df=mdy-all }} up over a percentage point from 96.5% in the 2006 census.{{cite web | url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3901&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2#a3 | title=Census of Population: Detailed information for 2006 (Data accuracy) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=June 27, 2007 | access-date=September 20, 2011}} Ontario and Prince Edward Island each held the highest response rate at 98.3%, while Nunavut held the lowest response rate at 92.7%.
In an article in the New York Times in August 2015, journalist Stephen Marche argued that by ending the mandatory long-form census in 2011, the federal government "stripped Canada of its capacity to gather information about itself" in the "age of information." Nearly 500 organizations in Canada, including the Canadian Medical Association, the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, the Canadian Federation of Students, and the Canadian Catholic Council of Bishops protested the decision to replace the long form census in 2011 with a shorter version.{{cite web|title=Information for survey participants|url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/survey-enquete/participant04-eng.htm|work=Statistics Canada|access-date=March 13, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305104808/http://statcan.gc.ca/survey-enquete/participant04-eng.htm|archive-date=March 5, 2014|df=mdy-all}}{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/opinion/sunday/the-closing-of-the-canadian-mind.html?smid=tw-nytimes&smtyp=cur&_r=0 | title=The Closing of the Canadian Mind | work=New York Times | date=August 14, 2015 | access-date=August 14, 2015 | author=Stephen Marche | location=Toronto | series=Sunday Review}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/students-dismayed-at-governments-deepening-disregard-for-accurate-data-510206541.html|title=Students dismayed at government's deepening disregard for accurate data|website=www.newswire.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-05-07}}
Questionnaire revision
= Short form =
The original schedule of the short-form questions for the 2011 Census of Population was published in the Canada Gazette, Part I on August 21, 2010.{{cite web|url=http://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2010/2010-08-21/html/order-decret-eng.html|title=Canada Gazette > Part I: Notices and Proposed Regulations > 2010-08-21|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923082935/http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2010/2010-08-21/html/order-decret-eng.html|archive-date=September 23, 2010|df=mdy-all}} The 2011 census consisted of the same eight questions that appeared on the 2006 census short-form questionnaire, with the addition of two questions on language.{{cite news |title= Tories make language concession on census |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/tories-make-language-concession-on-census/article1669639/ |publisher= The Globe and Mail |date=August 11, 2010 |access-date=September 16, 2010 |location=Toronto |first=Steven |last=Chase}} The federal Minister of Industry Tony Clement's announcement that questions about language would appear on the mandatory short-form census came in response to a lawsuit brought by the Federation of Francophone and Acadian Communities, which claimed that the voluntary status of the long-form census would impact language-related government services.
In addition to possible questions on activity limitation,{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/products/reference/consultation/contentreport-activity.htm|title=2006 Census Consultation Report: Activity Limitation|access-date=July 3, 2006}} various organizations called for the following changes to the 2011 census:
- Adding "Aboriginal identifier" to the short form (already found on the long form).{{cite web|url=http://www.abo-peoples.org/Res2004/Resolutions1to7.htm |title=Congress of Aboriginal Peoples: Annual General Assembly: Resolution 2 |date=April 17, 2004 |access-date=July 3, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051221184652/http://www.abo-peoples.org/Res2004/Resolutions1to7.htm |archive-date=December 21, 2005 }}
- Relationship of same-sex married couples.{{cite news|url=http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/Canadiana/2006/05/15/1581468-cp.html |title=Same-sex marriage supporters say wording of 2006 census discriminates |publisher=Canoe |access-date=July 3, 2006 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20060614151545/http://cnews.canoe.ca/CNEWS/Canada/Canadiana/2006/05/15/1581468-cp.html |archive-date=June 14, 2006 }}
- Place of work and transportation-related questions.{{cite web|url=http://www.tac-atc.ca/english/pdf/uc-minutes-0905.pdf |title=Transportation Association of Canada: Urban Transportation Council (minutes) |access-date=July 3, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928094112/http://www.tac-atc.ca/english/pdf/uc-minutes-0905.pdf |archive-date=September 28, 2007 }}
- Food security questions.{{cite web|url=http://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/2006/agendas/committees/cms/cms060308/it029.pdf|title=Toronto Board of Health: Food Security: Implications for Early Years Population|access-date=July 3, 2006}}
= National Household Survey =
The National Household Survey (NHS) began within four weeks of the May 2011 census and included approximately 4.5 million households.{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/gazette-eng.cfm|title=2011 Census questionnaire|date=August 20, 2010|access-date=September 7, 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826155600/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/ref/gazette-eng.cfm|archive-date=August 26, 2011|df=mdy-all}} The information collected by the NHS was intended to replace the data from the previous long-form census questionnaire.
Various industry professionals indicated that the data collected by the NHS is not comparable with the data previously collected by the long form questionnaire.{{cite web |title=Critics say census changes could result in biased information |url=http://www.canada.com/story_print.html?id=3268332&sponsor= |publisher=Canada.com |date=July 12, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Many of the same professionals indicated that the data gathered by a voluntary survey would not be of the same quality as the previous mandatory long form.Sources:
- {{cite news|title=Clement to face MPs on census |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/clement-to-face-mps-on-census-1.924192 |publisher=CBC News |date=July 24, 2010 |access-date=July 24, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725071531/http://www.cbc.ca/politics/story/2010/07/23/census-clement-statscan.html |archive-date=July 25, 2010 }}
- {{cite web |title=StatsCan in turmoil over census |url=https://montrealgazette.com/technology/StatsCan+turmoil+over+census/3311661/story.html |publisher=The Montreal Gazette |date=July 23, 2010 |access-date=July 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724053418/http://www.montrealgazette.com/technology/StatsCan+turmoil+over+census/3311661/story.html |archive-date=July 24, 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}
- {{cite web |title=The bizarre decision on the census |url=http://www.canada.com/bizarre+decision+census/3358361/story.html |publisher=Canada.com |date=August 4, 2010 |access-date=August 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811042527/http://www.canada.com/bizarre+decision+census/3358361/story.html |archive-date=August 11, 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}
- {{cite web |title=Count on it: long-form census basic to decision-making in Canada |url=http://www.canada.com/technology/Count+long+form+census+basic+decision+making+Canada/3288863/story.htm |publisher=Canada.com |date=July 17, 2010 |access-date=August 4, 2010 }}
- {{cite news|title=StatsCan warned of poor census response rate |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/statscan-warned-of-poor-census-response-rate-1.894958 |publisher=CBC News |date=August 10, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815083854/http://www.cbc.ca/politics/story/2010/08/10/census-government-emails.html |archive-date=August 15, 2010 }}
- {{cite web |title=Canadian Tourism Human Resource Council |url=http://cthrc.ca/en/member_area/member_news/federal_government_census_changes_leads_to_future_lmi_data_reductions.aspx |publisher=CBC News |date=July 5, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711234246/http://cthrc.ca/en/member_area/member_news/federal_government_census_changes_leads_to_future_lmi_data_reductions.aspx |archive-date=July 11, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}
- {{cite news |title=Tories scrap mandatory long census |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/tories-scrap-mandatory-long-census-1.888048 |publisher=CBC News |date=June 29, 2010 |access-date=August 10, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702054501/http://www.cbc.ca/politics/story/2010/06/29/census-longform-scrapped.html |archive-date=July 2, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}
- {{cite news|title=Professors may need more funding after census changes |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/professors-may-need-more-funding-after-census-changes-1.582414 |publisher=CTV News |date=December 8, 2010 |access-date=December 8, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102112858/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Canada/20101205/professors-funding-census-changes-101205/ |archive-date=November 2, 2011 |df=mdy }}
Voluntary long-form survey controversy
Ahead of the 2011 census, the Conservative government announced that the long-form questionnaire would no longer be mandatory. This decision was made by the June 17, 2010 Order in Council, created by the Minister of Industry, defining the questions for the 2011 census as including only the short-form questions. This was published in the Canada Gazette on June 26, 2010;{{cite web |url= http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2010/2010-06-26/html/order-decret-eng.html |title=Canada Gazette – ORDERS IN COUNCIL |publisher= Gazette.gc.ca |date=July 6, 2010 |access-date=June 9, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603225426/http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2010/2010-06-26/html/order-decret-eng.html |archive-date=June 3, 2011 |df=mdy-all }} however, a news release was not issued by Minister of Industry Tony Clement until July 13, 2010. This release stated in part "The government will retain the mandatory short form that will collect basic demographic information. To meet the need for additional information, and to respect the privacy wishes of Canadians, the government has introduced the voluntary National Household Survey."{{cite web|url = https://www.canada.ca/en/news/archive/2010/07/statement-2011-census.html |title = Statement on 2011 Census|website = Government of Canada |date = 13 July 2010}} On July 30, 2010, Statistics Canada published a description of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603225424/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/survey-enquete/household-menages/5178-eng.htm National Household Survey], intended to be sent to about 4.5 million households. Industry minister Tony Clement stated that the change to voluntary forms was made because of privacy-related complaints, though he acknowledged that the decision was made without consulting organizations and governments that work closely with Statistics Canada. Clement had previously said that this change was made on the advice of Statistics Canada.{{cite news | url = https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/article/835932--statscan-recommended-move-to-voluntary-census-clement-says | title = StatsCan recommended move to voluntary census, Tony Clement says | publisher = Toronto Star | last = Campion-Smith | first = Bruce | date = July 16, 2010 | access-date = July 21, 2010}}
The move was criticized by a number of organizations and individuals and was the subject of some satirical articles.{{cite news | url = http://www.themarknews.com/articles/1960-introducing-the-new-hire-and-census-form | title = Introducing the New Hire and Census Form | publisher = The Mark News | last = Wheeldon | first = Johannes | date = July 30, 2010 | access-date = August 1, 2010 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100802140441/http://www.themarknews.com/articles/1960-introducing-the-new-hire-and-census-form | archive-date = August 2, 2010 | df = mdy-all }} Ivan Fellegi, the former Chief Statistician of Canada, originally appointed in 1985 by the Progressive Conservative government of Brian Mulroney, said that he would have quit his job if the government had taken this change during his tenure. He claims that those who are most vulnerable (such as the poor, new immigrants, and Aboriginal peoples) are least likely to respond to a voluntary form, which weakens information about those demographic groups.{{cite news | url = http://www.canadaeast.com/rss/article/1116971 | title = Former StatsCan head slams census decision by Tories | publisher = The Canadian Press| last = Ditchburn | first = Jennifer | date = July 1, 2010 | access-date = October 20, 2010}} Munir Sheikh, Fellegi's successor as Chief Statistician appointed by Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper on February 15, 2008,{{cite news|url=http://economics.uwo.ca/alumni/ |title=Alumni Announcements |publisher=Department of Economics, University of Western Ontario |date=July 16, 2010 |access-date=July 21, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226113231/http://economics.uwo.ca/alumni/ |archive-date=February 26, 2010 }} resigned on July 21, 2010, in protest of the Conservative government's change in policy.{{cite news | url = https://vancouversun.com/news/StatsCan+boss+reflecting+after+census+mess/3305387/story.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121018053756/http://www.vancouversun.com/news/StatsCan+boss+reflecting+after+census+mess/3305387/story.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = October 18, 2012 | title = StatsCan boss quits over census changes | publisher = Vancouver Sun | last = Proudfoot | first = Shannon | date = July 21, 2010 | access-date = July 21, 2010 }} In a public letter, Sheikh wrote that he could not legally comment on what advice he had given the government regarding the census, but he did comment against the government's decision, writing: {{blockquote|I want to take this opportunity to comment on a technical statistical issue which has become the subject of media discussion. This relates to the question of whether a voluntary survey can become a substitute for a mandatory census.
The National Citizens Coalition and the Fraser Institute supported the change.{{cite news |url=https://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2010/07/29/WhyAttackCensus/ |title=Why Attack the Long Census? |date=July 27, 2010 | first = Donald | last = Gutstein |publisher= The Tyee |access-date=August 11, 2010}}
There were groups against the change from all parts of the political spectrum, and including the Federation of Canadian Municipalities; Atlantic Provinces Economic Council; City of Toronto government; National Statistics Council;{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/article/834321--siddiqui-gutting-of-census-stirs-opposition-to-stephen-harper|title=Siddiqui: Gutting of census stirs opposition to Stephen Harper | location=Toronto | work=The Star | date=July 10, 2010}} Canadian Jewish Congress; Evangelical Fellowship of Canada;{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ditching-census-upsets-faith-groups-1.931805|title=Ditching census upsets faith groups | publisher= CBC | date=July 16, 2010|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100718080123/http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2010/07/16/census-faith016.html|archive-date = 18 July 2010}} Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops;{{cite news | url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/bishops-castigate-clement-on-census-change/article1657511 | title = Bishops castigate Clement on census change | work=The Globe and Mail | last = Perreaux | first = Les | location = Toronto | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101003100708/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/bishops-castigate-clement-on-census-change/article1657511/ | archive-date = October 3, 2010 | df = mdy-all }} Canadian Medical Association;{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/census/article/836240--axing-long-form-census-threatens-health-care-improvements-doctors-warn|title=Axing long form census threatens health-care improvements, doctors warn | last = Campion-Smith | first = Bruce | publisher= Toronto Star | date=July 15, 2010}} Statistical Society of Canada; the American Statistical Association;{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/dont-mess-with-census-statisticians-tell-tories/article1635031/|title=Don't mess with census, statisticians tell Tories | last = Thorne | first = Stephen |access-date=July 17, 2010| work= The Globe and Mail | location=Toronto}} Registered Nurses Association of Ontario; Canadian Conference of the Arts; and the governments of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Manitoba.{{cite news|first = Jason|last = Fekete|url = https://montrealgazette.com/news/Census+consensus+eludes+premiers+Several+scold+Harper/3369649/story.html|title = Census consensus eludes premiers: Several scold Harper|website = Montreal Gazette|agency = Calgary Herald|date = 6 August 2010|access-date = 26 January 2019|archive-date = 9 September 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180909035719/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Census%20consensus%20eludes%20premiers%20Several%20scold%20Harper/3369649/story.html|url-status = dead}}
On July 19, 2010, representatives from several institutions signed [https://www.scribd.com/doc/34547395/Read-the-full-text-of-the-letter-here a letter] expressing their disapproval of the change and their desire to speak to Clement to find another solution. The organizations represented were:
{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
- Canadian Association for Business Economics
- Canadian Nurses Association
- Caledon Institute of Social Policy
- Canadian Institute of Planners
- Institute for Research on Public Policy
- Ontario Council of Agencies Serving Immigrants
- Co-operative Housing Federation of Canada
- Canadian Labour Congress
- Canada West Foundation
- United Way of Canada
{{col-2}}
- Glendon School of Public and International Affairs
- National Specialty Society for Community Medicine
- Environics Analytics
- The University of Toronto School of Public Policy and Governance and Rotman School of Management
- Nanos Research
- Canadian Public Health Association
- Canadian Association of University Teachers
- Canadian Council on Social Development
- Canadian Economic Association
- Toronto Board of Trade
{{col-end}}
A House of Commons industry committee special hearing on July 27, 2010, heard that during the previous census, out of approximately 12 million forms, 166 complaints were known to be received directly or indirectly. In answer to Clement's claim that those who do not fill out the census risk jail time, Jack Layton, leader of the national New Democratic Party, noted that in the entire history of the census, the government had not prosecuted and jailed a single person for failing to complete the census, and pointed out that the threat could be removed entirely by amending the legislation so that incarceration is no longer a penalty for refusal to complete the census.{{cite web | url =https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/layton-calls-for-census-compromise-1.923500 | title = Layton calls for census compromise| publisher = CBC | date=29 July 2010|access-date=11 February 2020}} In response, the government announced plans to introduce legislation to remove the threat of jail time for anyone refusing to fill out any mandatory government surveys.{{cite news|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/clement-amends-census-changes-1.948445 |title=Clement amends census changes |date=August 11, 2010 |access-date=August 11, 2010 |work=CBC News |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815071844/http://www.cbc.ca/politics/story/2010/08/11/census-clement-changes.html |archive-date=August 15, 2010 }}
Some groups have argued that the decision was motivated by a wish to destroy a useful tool for social advocacy, by making it harder to identify and count disadvantaged groups.{{cite news | url= https://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2010/08/12/TeaPartyNorth | publisher = The Tyee | last = Murdoch | first = Frances Russell | title= Opinion Harper's Latest Step in Building 'Tea Party North' }} However, the Conservative government maintains that its reasoning for the cancellation is that they do not believe it is appropriate to force Canadians to divulge detailed personal information under threat of prosecution.{{cite web|url=http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Statement-on-2011-Census-1289664.htm|title=Statement on 2011 Census|date=July 13, 2010|access-date=September 7, 2010}}
On October 20, 2010, Statistics Canada predicted that a voluntary long-form would result in a decline of total respondents from 94% to 50%. Consequently, they expect a "substantial risk of non-response bias" and plan to "[adapt their] data collection and other procedures to mitigate as much as possible against these risks." The response rate also led them to predict an increased risk of sampling errors, because only 16% of the Canadian population would be surveyed, as opposed to 19% under a mandatory long-form similar to the one in 2006.{{cite web |url=http://www.statcan.gc.ca/survey-enquete/household-menages/nhs-enm-eng.htm |publisher=Statistics Canada |date=October 20, 2010 |access-date=October 24, 2010 |title=National Household Survey: data quality |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202065026/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/survey-enquete/household-menages/nhs-enm-eng.htm |archive-date=December 2, 2010 |df=mdy-all }} The government announced in August 2010 that it would spend$30 million on a campaign aimed at increasing the response rate to the voluntary form, but information released by Statistics Canada in December 2010 revealed that half of this money would be required for tasks unrelated to the promotional campaign.{{Cite web |url=http://www.winnipegfreepress.com/canada/breakingnews/government-slashes-funding-for-campaign-to-encourage-census-participation-111862969.html |title=Government slashes funding for campaign to encourage census participation}}
Criticism of the National Household Survey re-emerged in 2013 following the release of the first set of results from the survey.{{cite web |url=http://www.therecord.com/opinion/columns/article/935539--national-household-survey-data-worthless |publisher=The Record.com |title=National household survey data worthless |date=May 21, 2013 |access-date=May 27, 2013}}{{Cite web |url=https://www.sogosurvey.com/blog/what-are-household-surveys/ |title=What are household surveys? |date=August 13, 2012 |website=www.sogosurvey.com}}
Reforms since 2011
=Private member's bill=
In September 2014, Liberal MP Ted Hsu introduced private member's bill "Bill C-626, An Act to amend the Statistics Act" with the intention of appointing a Chief Statistician and reinstatement of the long-form census in Canada.
Despite wide support{{Cite web|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/liberal-mps-bill-to-resurrect-long-form-census-voted-down-on-second-reading/article22797835/|title=Liberal MP's bill to resurrect long-form census voted down on second reading|via=The Globe and Mail}} as often happens with private bills, this failed (at Second Reading), in February 2015.{{cite web|title=Bill 626-An Act to amend the Statistics Act (appointment of Chief Statistician and long-form census)|url=https://openparliament.ca/bills/41-2/C-626/?tab=mentions|website=openparliament.ca|access-date=November 3, 2014}}
=2016 amendments=
Following the election of the liberal government of Justin Trudeau, the Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development introduced in the House of Commons Bill C-36, An Act to Amend the Statistics Act on December 7, 2016. The amendments were passed by Royal Assent on December 13, 2017. The Government of Canada press release stated that the amendments were made to the Statistics Act to "ensure that decisions on statistical matters are transparent and are based on professional considerations."{{cite web |last1=Government of Canada News Release |title=Government of Canada fulfills commitment to give Statistics Canada greater independence |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/innovation-science-economic-development/news/2017/12/government_of_canadafulfillscommitmenttogivestatisticscanadagrea.html |access-date=3 June 2020}}
{{Main|Statistics Act}}
= 2015 reinstatement of Mandatory Long Form Census =
One day after its election in November 2015, the new Liberal government reinstated the mandatory census long form {{Cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/11/05/liberals-restore-mandatory-long-form-census.html|title=Canada's long-form census is back for 2016|last=Campion-Smith|first=Bruce|date=November 5, 2015|work=The Star [Toronto]|access-date=June 20, 2020}} and it was used in the 2016 census.{{Cite book|url=http://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3Instr.pl?Function=getInstrumentList&Item_Id=295122&UL=1V&|title=Guide to the Census of Population, 2016|date=January 5, 2017|publisher=Statistics Canada|pages=Chapter 5 – Census of Population questionnaires}}
Data releases
{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
;Census of Population
The results of short form were released among five census topics on the following dates in 2012:{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/rt-td/rt-td-eng.cfm | title=2011 Census topics and release dates | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=November 11, 2010 | access-date=December 16, 2010}}
- Population and dwelling counts – February 8, 2012;
- Age and sex – May 29, 2012;
- Families, households and marital status – September 19, 2012;
- Structural type of dwelling and collectives – September 19, 2012; and
- Language – October 24, 2012.
;Census of Agriculture
Farm and farm operator data from the Census of Agriculture was released on May 10, 2012.
{{col-2}}
;National Household Survey (NHS)
The release dates of the five NHS topics occur on the following dates in 2013:{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/nhs-enm/2011/rt-td/rt-td-eng.cfm | title=National Household Survey – Topics and release dates, 2011 | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=April 30, 2013 | access-date=May 27, 2013}}
- Aboriginal peoples – May 8, 2013;
- Immigration and ethnocultural diversity – May 8, 2013;
- Education and labour – June 26, 2013;
- Mobility and migration – June 26, 2013; and
- Income and housing – August 14, 2013.
{{col-end}}
Population and dwellings
| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;" |
| style="width:40px" style="text-align: center;" | Rank
! style="text-align: center;" | Province or territory ! style="text-align: center;" data-sort-type="number" | Population as of ! style="text-align: center;" data-sort-type="number" | Population as of ! style="text-align: center;" data-sort-type="number" | Change ! style="text-align: center;" data-sort-type="number" | Percent |
|---|
| 1
| style="text-align: left;" |Ontario | 12,851,821 | 12,160,282 | 691,539 {{increase}} | 5.7 {{increase}} |
| 2
| style="text-align: left;" |Quebec | 7,903,001 | 7,546,131 | 356,870 {{increase}} | 4.7 {{increase}} |
| 3
| style="text-align: left;" |British Columbia | 4,400,057 | 4,113,487 | 286,570 {{increase}} | 7.0 {{increase}} |
| 4
| style="text-align: left;" |Alberta | 3,645,257 | 3,290,350 | 354,907 {{increase}} | 10.8 {{increase}} |
| 5
| style="text-align: left;" |Manitoba | 1,208,268 | 1,148,401 | 59,867 {{increase}} | 5.2 {{increase}} |
| 6
| style="text-align: left;" |Saskatchewan | 1,033,381 | 968,157 | 65,224 {{increase}} | 6.7 {{increase}} |
| 7
| style="text-align: left;" |Nova Scotia | 921,727 | 913,462 | 8,265 {{increase}} | 0.9 {{increase}} |
| 8
| style="text-align: left;" |New Brunswick | 751,171 | 729,997 | 21,174 {{increase}} | 2.9 {{increase}} |
| 9
| style="text-align: left;" |Newfoundland and Labrador | 514,536 | 505,469 | 9,067 {{increase}} | 1.8 {{increase}} |
| 10
| style="text-align: left;" |Prince Edward Island | 140,204 | 135,851 | 4,353 {{increase}} | 3.2 {{increase}} |
| 11
| style="text-align: left;" |Northwest Territories | 41,462 | 41,464 | −2 {{decrease}} | 0.0 {{decrease}} |
| 12
| style="text-align: left;" |Yukon | 33,897 | 30,372 | 3,525 {{increase}} | 11.6 {{increase}} |
| 13
| style="text-align: left;" |Nunavut | 31,906 | 29,474 | 2,432 {{increase}} | 8.3 {{increase}} |
| ! style="text-align: left;" |Canada
! 33,476,688 ! 31,612,897 ! 1,863,791 {{increase}} ! 5.9 {{increase}} |
See also
References
{{Reflist|30em}}
External links
- [http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/index-eng.cfm Census home page] (Statistics Canada)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110603225426/http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2010/2010-06-26/html/order-decret-eng.html Census of Agriculture and Census of Population questions] [http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2010/2010-06-26/pdf/g1-14426.pdf (PDF)]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20110809041130/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/NHS-ENM/ref/Questionnaires/2011NHS-ENM-eng.cfm National Household Survey questions] [https://web.archive.org/web/20101202033352/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/survey-enquete/household-menages/pdf/nhs-enm-quest-eng.pdf (PDF)]
- [http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/consultation/forum/Index-eng.cfm 2011 Census dissemination discussion forum] (Statistics Canada)
- [http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/consultation/DissDiffGuide/index-eng.cfm 2011 Census and Geography Dissemination Guide] (Statistics Canada)
- [http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2011/consultation/ContentReport-RapportContenu/index-eng.cfm 2011 Census Content Consultation Report] (Statistics Canada)
- [http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/reference/consultation/92-136/index.cfm 2011 Census Content Consultation Guide] (Statistics Canada)
{{Census-ca}}
{{People of Canada}}