2013 in archaeology

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{{Year nav topic4|2013|archaeology|science}}

The year 2013 in archaeology involved some significant events.

Excavations

  • May
  • Excavations conducted at the Sobibór Museum in Poland unearth an escape tunnel made by victims of the Holocaust in the Sobibor extermination camp.{{cite web| url=http://wyborcza.pl/1,126565,14041114,Proba_ucieczki_z_obozu_zaglady__Odkryli_nieznany_tunel.html|title=Próba ucieczki z obozu zagłady. Odkryli nieznany tunel w Sobiborze|publisher=Gazeta Wyborcza|work=Wiadomości lokalne|date=2013-06-05|access-date=2013-06-11}}
  • Excavation of Portuguese carrack Esmeralda, wrecked off the coast of Oman in 1503, by David Mearns begins.{{cite journal|last1=Mearns|first1=David L.|first2=David|last2=Parham|first3=Bruno|last3=Frohlich|title=A Portuguese East Indiaman from the 1502–1503 Fleet of Vasco da Gama off Al Hallaniyah Island, Oman: an interim report|journal=International Journal of Nautical Archaeology|date=2016-03-14|volume=46|issue=2|pages=331–350|doi=10.1111/1095-9270.12175|url=http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/23370/13/Mearns_et_al-2016-International_Journal_of_Nautical_Archaeology-1.pdf|doi-access=free|bibcode=2016IJNAr..45..331M }}
  • Excavation of abandoned Bradford Park Avenue football stadium in England begins.{{cite web|title=Breaking Ground: Art, Archaeology and Mythology|url=http://www.nationalfootballmuseum.com/whatson/breaking-ground-art-archaeology-and-mythology|year=2017|publisher=National Football Museum|location=Manchester|access-date=2018-01-16}}
  • Excavation and recording of the large-scale military terrain model of the Battle of Messines (1917) on Cannock Chase in England is conducted.{{cite book|first1=M.|last1=Brown|first2=K.|last2=Nichol|title=Messines Model, Cannock Chase, Staffordhire: Excavation and Survey 2013|publisher=No Man's Land for Staffordshire County Council|year=2014}}
  • Excavations of the Roman site at Bloomberg London, beginning in 2010 and including discovery of the Bloomberg tablets, end.
  • Excavations conducted in Kaarina found ruins of oldest church building in Finland.{{cite web |url= https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-6813431 | title= Suomen vanhin kirkko löytyi |author= Leppänen, Mari | date=2013-09-04 |publisher=Yle |access-date=2020-11-24 }}

Exploration

Finds

  • February 4 - DNA evidence confirms that bones found in 2012 at the site of Greyfriars, Leicester, are those of King Richard III of England (k. 1485).{{cite web|title=Richard III dig: DNA confirms bones are king|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-21063882|work=BBC News|date=2013-02-04|access-date=2013-02-04}}
  • April - Burial of 5 Celtic warriors at Buchères in France discovered.{{cite web|title=Celtic Burials Discovered in France|url=https://www.archaeology.org/news/792-130416-france-iron-age-celts|work=Archaeology|publisher=Archaeological Institute of America|date=2013-04-16|accessdate=2023-10-21}}
  • May - Happisburgh footprints, the oldest hominin footprints outside of Africa, dating to more than 800,000 years ago, are discovered on the beach at Happisburgh, Norfolk, England.{{cite web|last=Ghosh|first=Pallab|author-link=Pallab Ghosh |title=Earliest footprints outside Africa discovered in Norfolk|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26025763|work=BBC News|date=2014-02-07|access-date=2014-02-07}}
  • June - Chactún, a Mayan ruin, is discovered in Campeche, Mexico.{{cite web|url=http://www.livescience.com/37620-maya-city-discovered-in-mexico.html|work=Live Science|title=Ruins of Maya City Discovered in Remote Jungle|first=Megan|last=Gannon|date=2013-06-20|access-date=2018-02-23}}
  • July
  • A substantial and well-preserved section of the Willington Waggonway, an 18th century wooden railway on Tyneside in England, is found.{{cite web|last1=Bell|first1=Dominique|title=The Willington Waggonway Research Programme|date=31 January 2017 |url=http://blog.twmuseums.org.uk/the-willington-waggonway-research-programme/|publisher=Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums|access-date=2018-07-15}}
  • The unexpected discovery of Pacific walrus bones among 19th-century human burials in St Pancras Old Church graveyard in London (in advance of High Speed 1 railway works) is reported.{{cite web|title=Why Was A Walrus Found Buried Next To 8 Human Bodies In King's Cross?|first=Alex|last=Foch|work=Londonist|url=https://londonist.com/london/secret/why-was-a-walrus-found-buried-next-to-a-human-body-beneath-king-s-cross|date=2013-08-13|access-date=2020-11-14}}
  • August - A 500-kg bronze statue of Apollo is found by Palestinian fisherman Joudat Ghrab.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/10/priceless-bronze-statue-apollo-gaza-strip|title='Priceless' bronze statue of Greek god Apollo found in Gaza Strip|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=2014-02-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211112826/http://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/10/priceless-bronze-statue-apollo-gaza-strip|archive-date=2014-02-11|url-status=dead}} Dated between the 5th and the 1st century BC, the statue is seized by Hamas officials after briefly appearing on eBay.
  • September - Wreck of Lake freighter {{SS|Scotiadoc}} (sank 1953) located in Lake Superior.{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/thunder-bay/deepest-great-lakes-shipwreck-found-near-thunder-bay-1.1928781|title='Deepest' Great Lakes shipwreck found near Thunder Bay: Scotiadoc found largely intact near Trowbridge Island|publisher=CBC News|date=2013-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008202954/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/thunder-bay/deepest-great-lakes-shipwreck-found-near-thunder-bay-1.1928781|archive-date=2013-10-08|access-date=2020-12-17|url-status=live}}
  • November - The Seaton Down Hoard of 22,888 Roman coins is found by metal detectorists in Devon, England.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2014/sep/26/roman-coin-hoard-clinton-devon-estates|title=Roman coin hoard, one of the largest found in UK, unearthed by builder|author=Press Association|work=The Guardian|location=London|date=2014-09-26|access-date=2019-05-28|author-link=Press Association}}
  • A grave and first remains of what will be identified as the oldest human burial in Africa – a 3-year old named Mtoto by archaeologists – from 78,000 years BP are located in Kenya.{{cite journal|title=Earliest known human burial in Africa|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03457-8|first1=María|last1=Martinón-Torres|display-authors=etal|journal=Nature|volume=593|pages=95–100|year=2021|issue=7857 |doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03457-8 |pmid=33953416 |bibcode=2021Natur.593...95M |hdl=10072/413039 |s2cid=233871256 |hdl-access=free}}
  • Wreck found in Nelson's Dockyard, Antigua, subsequently thought to be French ship Beaumont (1762).{{cite news|title=Excitement over wooden shipwreck found in Antigua's seabed|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-57878969|access-date=2021-10-27|work=BBC News|date=2021-07-25|first=Gemma|last=Handy}}
  • A draft of the Olive Branch Petition found in the attic of the Morris-Jumel Mansion among papers that had been donated in the early 20th century.{{Cite web |last1=Magazine |first1=Smithsonian |last2=Barry |first2=Rebecca Rego |title=An Intern Saved a Museum by Finding This Revolutionary War Treasure in the Attic |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/found-attic-rare-document-revolutionary-war-saved-museum-brink-financial-ruin-180957411/ |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}{{Cite news |title=Letter Tied to Fight for Independence Is Found in Museum's Attic |last=Barron |first=James |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/02/nyregion/letter-tied-to-fight-for-independence-is-found-in-museums-attic.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=2014-01-01}}

Events

  • A wreck found off the coast of modern-day Sweden is identified as the Danish flagship Gribshunden (sank 1495).{{cite web|url=http://combatarchaeology.org/gribshunden-significance-and-preliminary-investigations/|title=Gribshunden: Significance and Preliminary Investigations|last=Warming|first=Rolf|publisher=Society for Combat Archaeology|date=2015-07-01|access-date=2015-08-21}}
  • Experimental archaeology: Construction of Campus Galli, a replica Carolingian monastic community in Meßkirch, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, according to period techniques, begins.

Deaths

  • 6 June: Malcolm Todd, English archaeologist of the Roman Empire (b. 1939)
  • 24 June: Mick Aston, English archaeologist notable for his work with Time Team (b. 1946){{cite web|last1=Dyer|first1=Christopher|author-link=Christopher Dyer|title=Mick Aston obituary|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/jun/25/mick-aston-archaeologist-time-team|work=The Guardian|location=London|access-date=12 March 2017|date=25 June 2013}}

See also

References