Gazeta Wyborcza
{{short description|Polish daily newspaper}}{{use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}}
| image = Agora Gazeta Wyborcza ul. Czerska 2019.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Headquarters of Agora, the publisher of {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} in Warsaw
| motto = Nie ma wolności bez solidarności{{Cite web |title="Gazeta Wyborcza" zmienia swoje hasło na "Nie ma wolności bez solidarności" |trans-title=Gazeta Wyborcza changes its slogan to "There is no freedom without solidarity" |url=https://www.agora.pl/gazeta-wyborcza-zmienia-swoje-haslo-na-nie-ma-wolnosci-bez-solidarnosci |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Agora |language=pl}}
("There Is No Freedom without Solidarity")
| type = Daily newspaper
| format = Compact
| foundation = {{start date and age|1989|05|08|df=y}}
| founder = {{Unbulleted list|Adam Michnik|Helena Łuczywo|Piotr Niemczycki|Juliusz Rawicz|Ernest Skalski}}
| publisher = Agora
| language = Polish
| political = Left-wing liberal{{Cite journal |date=2016 |title=Journalistic role performance in Poland |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=480988 |journal=Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne |language=English |issue=2 |pages=37–51 |issn=1731-7517}}{{Cite journal |last=Graff |first=A. |date=2010 |title=Looking at Pictures of Gay Men: Political Uses of Homophobia in Contemporary Poland |journal=Public Culture |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=583–603 |doi=10.1215/08992363-2010-010}}{{Cite journal |last=Zinken |first=Jörg |date=2003 |title=Ideological Imagination: Intertextual and Correlational Metaphors in Political Discourse |url=https://ids-pub.bsz-bw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/3324 |journal=Discourse & Society |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=507–523 |doi=10.1177/0957926503014004005 |s2cid=145324531}}{{Cite journal |last1=Doring |first1=M. |last2=Zinken |first2=Joerg |date=June 2005 |title=The cultural crafting of embryonic stem cells: the metaphorical schematisation of stem cell research in the Polish and French press |url=https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/the-cultural-crafting-of-embryonic-stem-cells-the-metaphorical-schematisation-of-stem-cell-research-in-the-polish-and-french-press(db4c25b7-942e-4e63-a047-e2e1e43e8dd2).html |journal=Metaphorik.de |issue=8 |pages=6–33 |quote=Adam Michnik is also editor of the largest Polish daily newspaper, the liberal Gazeta Wyborcza.}}
| publishing_country = Poland
| circulation = 42,388 (Print, March 2023){{Cite web |title="Gazeta Wyborcza" z największym spadkiem sprzedaży w I kwartale 2023 roku|date=9 May 2023 |url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/gazeta-wyborcza-z-najwiekszym-spadkiem-sprzedazy-w-i-kwartale-2023-roku}}
218,000[https://www.agora.pl/download/pobierz/prezentacja-wynikow-za-4-kw-2019-r Agora 2019] (Digital, 2019)
| headquarters = Warsaw
| publishing_city = Warsaw
| chiefeditor = Adam Michnik
| depeditor = Jarosław Kurski
| assoceditor = {{Unbulleted list|Mikołaj Chrzan|Roman Imielski|Aleksandra Sobczak|Piotr Stasiński|Bartosz T. Wieliński{{Cite web |title=Redakcja Gazety Wyborczej |url=https://wyborcza.pl/centrumpomocygw/0,134959.html |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Gazeta Wyborcza |language=pl}}}}
| maneditor = Wojciech Bartkowiak{{Cite web |last=BAE |date=2021-12-09 |title=Wojciech Bartkowiak dyrektorem wydawniczym "GW", ma dołączyć też do zarządu Agory SA |url=https://www.press.pl/tresc/68476,zastepca-jerzego-wojcika-dolaczy-do-zarzadu-agory-sa |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Press.pl |language=pl}}
| website = {{URL|http://wyborcza.pl}}
| ISSN = 0860-908X
| logo = Gazeta Wyborcza.png
| logo_size = 200px
}}
{{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} ({{IPA|pol|ɡaˈzɛta vɨˈbɔrtʂa}}; The Electoral Gazette in English) is a Polish nationwide daily newspaper based in Warsaw, Poland. It was launched on 8 May 1989 on the basis of the Polish Round Table Agreement and as a press organ of the trade union "Solidarity" in the election campaign before the Contract Sejm.{{Cite web |last=Adam Leszczyński |title=4 czerwca 1989 r. Czy cały naród poszedł głosować przeciw komunistom? |url=https://oko.press/4-czerwca-1989-r-caly-narod-poszedl-przeciw-komunistom/ |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=oko.press}}{{Cite web |title="Gazeta Wyborcza" po 33 latach: Prasowy tygrys czy zakurzona kanapa? |url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/urodziny-gazeta-wyborcza-subskrypcja-ceny-promocja-historia-powstania-zalozyciel |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=wirtualnemedia.pl |date=14 May 2022 |language=pl}} Initially created to cover Poland's first partially free parliamentary elections, it rapidly grew into a major publication, reaching a circulation of over 500,000 copies at its peak in the 1990s.
It is published by Agora, with its original editor-in-chief Adam Michnik,{{Cite journal |date=29 July 2013 |title=Polish Dissident Adam Michnik: 'We Are Bastards of Communism' |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/polish-dissident-adam-michnik-on-eastern-europe-after-communism-a-913912.html |journal=Der Spiegel |issue=31 |access-date=10 November 2014}}{{Cite book |last1=Ryszard Filas |url=http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/books/view-Book,id=4637/ |title=Press Freedom and Pluralism in Europe |last2=Pawe Paneta |date=2009 |publisher=Intellect |editor-last=Andrea Czepek |location=Bristol |chapter=Media in Poland and Public Discourse |access-date=12 December 2014 |display-editors=etal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201853/http://www.intellectbooks.co.uk/books/view-Book,id=4637/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |url-status=dead}} appointed by Lech Wałęsa,{{Cite web |last1=Everete E. Dennis |last2=Jon Vanden Heuvel |date=October 1990 |title=Emerging Voices: East European Media in Transition. A Gannett Foundation Report |url=http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED326913.pdf |access-date=28 November 2014 |website=Ganet Foundation |format=Report}} {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} is one of Poland's newspapers of record, covering the gamut of political, international and general news from a left-liberal perspective.{{Cite journal |last=Kayser-Bril |first=Nicolas |date=2016-08-10 |title=Don't ask too much from data literacy |url=https://openjournals.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/JoCI/article/view/3286 |journal=The Journal of Community Informatics |language=en |volume=12 |issue=3 |doi=10.15353/joci.v12i3.3286 |issn=1712-4441 |doi-access=free}}{{Citation |last1=Le |first1=Elisabeth |title=Centenary of WWI Armistice, Commemoration, and Memory |date=2021 |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-90079-3_1 |work=Media Discourse of Commemoration |pages=1–39 |editor-last=Le |editor-first=Elisabeth |access-date=2023-02-15 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-90079-3_1 |isbn=978-3-030-90078-6 |s2cid=246222277 |last2=Radut-Gaghi |first2=Luciana |last3=Silletti |first3=Alida Maria |last4=Wagner |first4=Hedwig |editor2-last=Radut-Gaghi |editor2-first=Luciana |editor3-last=Silletti |editor3-first=Alida Maria |editor4-last=Wagner |editor4-first=Hedwig|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last=Krakowska |first=Joanna |date=December 2021 |title=Eating Bananas Outside the National Museum: Unlimited Semiosis |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-drama-review/article/abs/eating-bananas-outside-the-national-museum/ED8C063A02651A88977A805B9C1C445B |journal=TDR |language=en |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=131–146 |doi=10.1017/S1054204321000587 |issn=1054-2043 |s2cid=244731736|url-access=subscription }} Gazeta Wyborcza also publishes thematic supplements addressing topics such as economy, law, education, and health, including Duży Format, Co Jest Grane 24, and Wysokie Obcasy.
Since its founding, Gazeta Wyborcza
History and profile
= Founding =
{{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} was established in accordance with the arrangements of the Round Table,{{Cite web |date=2004-02-06 |title=Ustalenia Okrągłego Stołu: "Gazeta Wyborcza" |url=http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/ustalenia-okraglego-stolu-gazeta-wyborcza-6039091827270785a |access-date=2013-06-10 |website=wp.pl |language=pl}}{{Cite web |last=Aleksandra Hausner |date=2009-04-23 |title=Obrady Okrągłego Stołu |url=http://www.edulandia.pl/edukacja/1,124764,6532896,Obrady_Okraglego_Stolu.html |access-date=2013-06-10 |website=Edulandia.pl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130414033647/http://www.edulandia.pl/edukacja/1,124764,6532896,Obrady_Okraglego_Stolu.html |archive-date=14 April 2013 |language=pl}} as a press organ of the Solidarity Civic Committee in the election campaign before the parliamentary elections in 1989.{{Cite web |date=2009-02-02 |title=Okrągły Stół, czyli gra o Polskę |url=http://www.newsweek.pl/artykuly/sekcje/exclusive/okragly-stol--czyli-gra-o-polske-,36166,4 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120910095850/http://www.newsweek.pl/exclusive/okragly-stol--czyli-gra-o-polske,36166,4,1.html |archive-date=2012-09-10 |website=Newsweek.pl}} Initially, the daily was to be called Gazeta Codzienna, and the adjective "election" was to function only during the election campaign. The first eight-page issue was published on 8 May 1989, in a circulation of 150,000 copies.{{Cite book |last=Dudek |first=Antoni |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/843772388 |title=Historia polityczna Polski 1989-2012 |date=2013 |isbn=978-83-240-2130-7 |edition=Wydanie 1 |location=Kraków |oclc=843772388}}
{{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} was first published on 8 May 1989,{{Cite news |date=29 April 2004 |title=The press in Poland |work=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3669427.stm |access-date=10 November 2014}} under the rhyming masthead motto, "Nie ma wolności bez Solidarności" ("There's no freedom without Solidarity"). The founders were Andrzej Wajda, Aleksander Paszyński and Zbigniew Bujak.{{Cite web |last=Andrzej Adamski |title=Press market in Poland A.D. 2010 |url=https://depot.ceon.pl/bitstream/handle/123456789/312/adamski%20press%20market%20in%20Poland.pdf?sequence=1 |access-date=10 December 2013 |website=CeON Repository}} Its founding was an outcome of the Polish Round Table Agreement between the communist government of the People's Republic of Poland and political opponents centred on the Solidarity movement. It was initially owned by Agora SA.{{Cite web |title=Poland |url=http://www.pressreference.com/No-Sa/Poland.html |access-date=6 October 2013 |website=Press Reference}} Later the American company Cox Communications partially bought the daily.
The paper was to serve as the voice of the Solidarity movement during the run-up to the 1989 parliamentary elections (hence its title). As such, it was the first legal newspaper published outside the government's control since its founding of regime in the late 1940s.
It was prepared by 20 journalists, most previously associated with the underground weekly Tygodnik Mazowsze. Michnik convinced Wałęsa to name him the editor-in-chief.{{Cite journal |last=Anna Machcewicz |date=1995 |title=Historia sentymentalna. "Gazeta Wyborcza" w latach 1989–1990 |journal=Więź |edition=7 (441) |page=136}} Helena Łuczywo and Ernest Skalski became Michnik's deputies. The first editorial office was located in a former kindergarten in Mokotów.{{Cite journal |last=Skalski |first=Ernest |date=15 May 2019 |title=Słowo na wybory |journal=Polityka |page=57}}
According to the editors, the first edition was small (150,000 copies) and relatively expensive due to the limited supplies of paper made available by the government. A year and a half later, the daily run had reached 500,000 copies. In September 1990, during the breakup of the Solidarity camp following the collapse of the communist government, Wałęsa revoked the paper's right to use the Solidarity logo on its masthead.{{Cite news |last=Harden |first=Blaine |date=1990-06-06 |title=SOLIDARITY'S SOLID FRONT CRUMBLING FROM WITHIN |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1990/06/06/solidaritys-solid-front-crumbling-from-within/34a1139b-9f77-4950-b563-6382aacbb8d4/ |access-date=2020-11-05 |issn=0190-8286}} Since then, the {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} has been an independent newspaper broadly aligned with the centre-left and liberal position.{{Cite web |title=Gazeta Wyborcza |url=https://www.eurotopics.net/en/148554/gazeta-wyborcza |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=eurotopics.net |language=en}}
File:Adam Michnik (1991) by Erling Mandelmann.jpg
After the Round Table talks during the presidential crisis, on 3 July 1989, an article by Michnik, with the headline: "Your president, our prime minister," where he opted for the election of the president on the recommendation of the Polish United Workers' Party and at the same time entrusting the mission of forming a government to a representative of the "Solidarity,"{{Cite book |last=Karpiński |first=Jakub |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50183684 |title=Trzecia niepodległość : najnowsza historia Polski |date=2001 |publisher=Świat Książki |isbn=83-7311-156-5 |location=Warszawa |oclc=50183684}} postulating "an alliance of the democratic opposition with the reformist wing of the ruling camp." This proposal is currently interpreted as a proof of sensing the aspirations of the Solidarity camp to take over more power than was agreed at the Round Table,{{Cite journal |last=Raczkiewicz |first=Małgorzata |date=2011 |title=Wpływ wyborów z 4 czerwca 1989 roku na polski system polityczny |journal=Studia Wyborcze |volume=12 |pages=79–99}} but officially met with opposition. Nevertheless, it was actually implemented: while Wojciech Jaruzelski, the current First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party, took over the position of president, the opposition, thanks to the votes of former allies of the communist party, formed the first non-communist government in Eastern Europe with Tadeusz Mazowiecki as prime minister.{{Cite journal |last=Simpson |first=Peggy |date=Spring 1996 |title=The troubled reign of Lech Walesa in Poland |journal=Presidential Studies Quarterly |edition=26 |volume=2 |page=317}}{{Cite journal |last=Pakulski |first=Jan |date=2010 |title=The Breakthrough: Polish elections in June 1989 |journal=Humanities Research |edition=16 |volume=3 |page=109}}
From the second half of 1989, the environment concentrated in the editorial office of Wyborcza sympathized with the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki , and at the same time was in conflict with the representatives of Tygodnik Solidarność. These antagonisms correlated with the political conflict known as the "War on the Mountain", during which Wałęsa allied himself with the Civic Committee faction represented by the brothers Lech and Jarosław Kaczyński against Mazowiecki.{{Cite journal |last=Ost |first=David |date=December 2009 |title=The Invisibility and Centrality of Class After Communism |journal=International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society |edition=22 |volume=4 |pages=497–515}} Adam Michnik supported the Prime Minister's environment, as a result of which, in September 1990, the National Commission of "Solidarity" adopted a resolution aimed at taking away Wyborcza the right to place the "Solidarity" stamp on the vignette. It was argued that "the bias of articles aimed at discrediting and ridiculing the chairman of Lech Wałęsa" and explaining that "Gazeta is not an information organ of "S", but a private company."
At that time, Tygodnik Solidarność, whose editor-in-chief at the time was Jarosław Kaczyński,{{Cite web |date=2006-03-10 |title=Jarosław Kaczyński był redaktorem naczelnym |url=http://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/jaroslaw-kaczynski-byl-redaktorem-naczelnym |access-date=2017-12-13 |website=Wirtualnemedia.pl}} published columns by columnists such as Romuald Szeremietiew,Romuald Szeremietiew, Gazeta Wyborcza donosi, w: Tygodnik Solidarność, nr 9 (73)/1990, s. 9. who accused the newspaper of manipulating information, including concealing events. As a result, the daily lost the right to use the union's logo and the slogan "There is no freedom without Solidarity". In addition, Wałęsa demanded the dismissal of Michnik (since July 1990 belonging to the Movement of Citizens, Democratic Action party) from the post of editor-in-chief. Michnik resigned, but his resignation was not accepted by the members of the editorial office, and therefore he remained in office. A group of former oppositionists associated with Lech Wałęsa left the editorial office, which was the result of a dispute within the editorial office with a group of post-Solidarity circles representing different views.{{Cite web |date=2012-03-23 |title=Z piaskownicy na giełdę. Kulisy powstania potęgi "Gazety Wyborczej" |url=http://rebelya.pl/post/1461/kulisy-powstania-i-potegi-gazety-wyborczej-i-ag |access-date=2013-06-10 |website=Rebelya.pl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603201922/http://rebelya.pl/post/1461/kulisy-powstania-i-potegi-gazety-wyborczej-i-ag |archive-date=3 June 2013 |language=pl}}
Controversies
In the following years, Wyborcza's publications contributed to the disclosure of socio-political events in Poland. The daily began a journalistic investigation into the 1997 "gelatin scandal," a monopoly scam which included an entrepreneur Kazimierz Grabek.{{Cite web |last=Gruszecki |first=Tomasz |date=1998-03-07 |title=Kwaśny smak żelatyny |url=http://archiwum.rp.pl/artykul/162620-Kwasny-smak-zelatyny.html |access-date=2013-11-03 |website=Rzeczpospolita}}
=Rywin affair=
{{main|Rywin affair}}
On 27 December 2002, Wyborcza published an article "An act for a bribe. Rywin comes to Michnik," related to an attempt to bribe the editor-in-chief of the newspaper by the film producer Lew Rywin. The aim of Rywin's actions, who presented himself as a representative of the "group holding power", was to persuade Michnik to support the law prepared by the ruling Alliance of the Democratic Left, preventing the expansion of media companies to electronic media.{{Cite journal |last1=Jasiewicz |first1=Krzysztof |last2=Jasiewicz–Betkiewicz |first2=Agnieszka |date=December 2003 |title=Poland |journal=European Journal of Political Research |edition=42 |volume=7–8 |issue=7–8 |pages=1052–1057 |doi=10.1111/j.0304-4130.2003.00134.x}} Smoleński's article initiated the Rywin affair, which resulted in the appointment of a parliamentary investigative commission. Together with other corruption scandals plaguing the country, the Rywin affair plunged the government of Leszek Miller,{{Cite journal |last1=Jasiewicz |first1=Krzysztof |last2=Jasiewicz-Betkiewicz |first2=Agnieszka |date=December 2004 |title=Poland |journal=European Journal of Political Research |edition=43 |volume=7–8 |issue=7–8 |pages=1106–1115 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-6765.2004.00207.x}}{{Cite journal |last1=Jasiewicz |first1=Krzysztof |last2=Jasiewicz-Betkiewicz |first2=Agnieszka |date=December 2005 |title=Poland |journal=European Journal of Political Research |edition=44 |volume=7–8 |issue=7–8 |pages=1147–1157 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-6765.2005.00279.x}} but Michnik himself—also screened by the commission in terms of business connections with Agora—met with a wave of criticism from other media.{{Cite journal |last=Zarycki |first=Tomasz |title=The power of the intelligentsia: The Rywin Affair and the challenge of applying the concept of cultural capital to analyze Poland's elites |journal=Theory and Society |year=2009 |language=en |edition=38 |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=613–648 |doi=10.1007/s11186-009-9092-6|s2cid=144645907 }}
In 2003, a Polish film producer Lew Rywin was accused by {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} of attempted bribery after he had allegedly solicited a bribe of $17.5 million from the editor Adam Michnik in exchange for amendments to a draft media legislation. The adoption of the draft law in the government's original form would have prevented Agora S.A. from purchasing Polsat, one of Poland's private TV stations. The case, dubbed the Rywin affair, led to an official inquiry by the Polish Parliament. Consequently, Lew Rywin was sentenced for attempting to influence the parliamentary legislative process aimed at enabling a Polish media company to buy a television station. The controversial draft legislation ended up being rejected by the Polish parliament.
= Other major reports =
A newspaper article from 23 January 2002 revealed an affair regarding the killing of patients by the employees of the Lodz ambulance service, which the labelled the Skin Hunters, and the sale of information about deaths to funeral parlors.{{Cite journal |last=Madalinski |first=M H |date=April 2003 |title=What is saving of human life in Poland? |journal=Journal of Medical Ethics |edition=2 |volume=29 |issue=2 |page=116|doi=10.1136/jme.29.2.116 |pmid=12672894 |pmc=1733699 }}
An April 2004 report revealed irregularities related to the detention by the State Protection Office of the president of PKN Orlen, Andrzej Modrzejewski, and depriving him of his position in February 2002, initiating the Orlen scandal. The parliamentary investigative committee showed unclear interests in the then attempted privatization of Orlen,{{Cite journal |last=Pietraszewski |first=Marcin |date=2010-02-19 |title=Do sądu za Orlen |journal=Gazeta Wyborcza}} and Zbigniew Siemiątkowski, the head of the UOP responsible for arresting Modrzejewski, was convicted by a final judgment for abuse of power.{{Cite journal |last=Wielowieyska |first=Dominika |date=2013-04-26 |title=Dlaczego Miller i Kwaśniewski powinni podziękować Siemiątkowskiemu |journal=Gazeta Wyborcza}}
As a result of the article from 4 December 2006 entitled "Work for sex in Self-Defense," another political and moral scandal called the sex scandal broke out. Kącki revealed that Andrzej Lepper, president of the Samoobrona RP party and incumbent deputy prime minister, allegedly employed young women in party offices in exchange for sex.{{Cite web |last=Marcin Kącki |date=3 December 2006 |title=Praca za seks w Samoobronie |url=http://wyborcza.pl/1,75248,3770674.html |access-date=2015-07-19 |website=wyborcza.pl}}
Criticism
{{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} used its influence to whitewash former communists, particularly General Jaruzelski.Radek Sikorski. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1282/is_/ai_14752492 Lack of solidarity - Poland's political problems]. National Review, 18 October 1993. After the fall of real socialism, the paper was criticized for taking part in an "intensive propaganda campaign" and particularly for rigorously trying to revamp Jaruzelski's image.Voytek Zubek. (1994). The Reassertion of the Left in Post-Communist Poland. Europe-Asia Studies, 46 (5), p. 818.
Circulation
File:Tablica pamiątkowa Gazeta Wyborcza ul. Czerska.JPG rooting for the pivotal election.]]
The paper is a multi-section daily newspaper and it publishes daily local editions for the following cities: Warsaw, Białystok, Bydgoszcz, Częstochowa, Gdańsk, Gorzów Wielkopolski, Katowice, Kraków, Kielce, Lublin, Łódź, Olsztyn, Opole, Płock, Poznań, Radom, Rzeszów, Szczecin, Toruń, Wrocław, and Zielona Góra.
The {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} had a circulation of 432,000 copies during the first three quarters of 1998.{{Cite web |title=Selected Financial Data |url=http://www.agora.pl/im/2/740/m740532.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304004143/http://www.agora.pl/im/2/740/m740532.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=7 April 2015 |website=Agora Holding |df=dmy-all}} The circulation of the paper reached 459,473 copies between January and February 2001.{{Cite web |title=Polish national dailies - circulation and sales |url=http://www.obp.pl/03-raport/2001/dailies_numb.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070304172127/http://www.obp.pl/03-raport/2001/dailies_numb.htm |archive-date=4 March 2007 |access-date=2 December 2014 |website=OBP |df=dmy-all}} Its circulation was 542,000 copies in 2003, making it the second best selling newspaper in the country.{{Cite web |date=2004 |title=World Press Trends |url=http://www.wan-press.org/ecrire/upload/wpt2004.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208082604/http://www.wan-press.org/ecrire/upload/wpt2004.pdf |archive-date=8 February 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015 |website=World Association of Newspapers |location=Paris}} The 2004 circulation of the paper was 516,000 copies on weekdays and 686,000 copies on weekends. The average circulation of the newspaper peaked at 672,000, making the {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} the largest-selling newspaper in Poland. However, by 2010 the circulation had declined by more than half, to 319,000, and Fakt overtook the {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} as Poland's leading newspaper. The decline continued in 2013 when circulation was down to 190,000.{{Cite web |title=Spada sprzedaż dzienników, "Gazeta Wyborcza" poniżej 190 tys. egz. |url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/spada-sprzedaz-dziennikow-gazeta-wyborcza-ponizej-190-tys-egz |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Wirtualne Media |date=4 September 2013 |language=pl}} At this time, Wyborcza began to invest more in its electronic version, and launched a subscription service. Paper circulation dropped to 86,000 in 2019,{{Cite web |title=Sprzedaż 'Gazety Wyborczej' spadła do 86 tys., "Gazeta Polska Codziennie" do 13 tys. Liderem "Fakt" |url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/wyniki-sprzedazy-dziennikow-kwiecien-2019-fakt-gpc |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Wirtualne Media |date=6 June 2019 |language=pl}} and stabilised at 81,000 in early 2020.{{Cite web |title=W styczniu wzrosła sprzedaż tylko "Super Expressu". "Gazeta Wyborcza" najbardziej w dół |url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/wyniki-sprzedazy-dziennikow-styczen-2020-fakt-gazeta-wyborcza-ostro-w-dol |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Wirtualne Media |date=5 March 2020 |language=pl}} As of January 2021, average daily circulation is 62,000.{{Cite web |title=Sprzedaż dzienników w styczniu spadła o 18 proc., "Gazeta Wyborcza", "Fakt" i "GPC" najbardziej w dół |url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/wyniki-sprzedazy-dziennikow-styczen-2021-fakt-gazeta-wyborcza |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Wirtualne Media |date=4 March 2021 |language=pl}} In August 2021, average daily circulation dropped to 53,190.{{Cite web |title="Gazeta Wyborcza" najbardziej straciła wśród dzienników w sierpniu, "Puls Biznesu" zyskał najwięcej |url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/wyniki-sprzedazy-dziennikow-sierpien-2021-fakt-gazeta-wyborcza |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Wirtualne Media |date=6 October 2021 |language=pl}}
= Changing the operating mode =
In September 2020, the office space occupied by the editorial office at ul. Czerska in Warsaw has decreased by 40%, because the journalists of the newspaper and its website work outside the office: the employees of the paper edition can work homework, and most of the journalists and editors of the website work remotely.{{Cite web |title='Gazeta Wyborcza' zmniejsza przestrzeń redakcyjną o 40 proc. Gazeta.pl opracowuje nowy model pracy |url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/gazeta-wyborcza-zmniejsza-przestrzen-redakcyjna-o-40-proc-wspolne-stoly-opinie-gazeta-pl-opracowuje-nowy-model-pracy |access-date=2020-07-31 |website=www.wirtualnemedia.pl |date=31 July 2020 |language=pl}}
Sections
File:Gazetawyborcza cover.jpg.]]
{{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} is divided into several sections. On the other side of the diary there is a collection of columns written by people associated with the magazine's editorial office, entitled "On the other side". The following sections are arranged according to the topics covered:
- The Country and World sections apply to news coming from Poland and abroad, respectively.
- The Welcome to Poland section contains reports on social issues.
- The Opinions section is a collection of journalistic articles written by editorial staff and external experts.
- The Culture section is devoted to cultural events, interviews with artists and observations on a selected cultural field.
- The Science section consists of articles summarizing the latest scientific research in a journalistic form.
- The Sports section describes the latest sports events.
Almost every issue of "Gazeta Wyborcza" contains additional content appearing as part of thematic weeklies. They are: "Large Format", "Ale Historia", "My Business. People, work, innovations", "Wyborcza TV", "Co Jest Grane 24", "Magazyn Świąteczny" and "Wysokie Obcasy".
"Duży Format" is a magazine of reporters of "Gazeta Wyborcza". It is published on Mondays. Reports, social, cultural and historical texts are published.
On Tuesdays, “Mój Biznes. People, work, innovations" devoted to companies, entrepreneurship and innovations in the economy, as well as presenting nationwide and regional announcements from industries.
The Friday supplements of "Gazeta Wyborcza" are: "Wyborcza TV" - a weekly with programs of Polish and foreign stations, which additionally presents interviews with TV creators and regular columns, as well as "Co Jest Grane 24" - a magazine announcing the cultural events of the weekend and the coming week, whose editors write about film and theater premieres, concerts, exhibitions and present recommended restaurants and clubs.
Every Saturday, "Gazeta Wyborcza" publishes: "Wolna Sobota" - an opinion magazine in which readers will find 40 pages of reading, presenting various worldviews and worlds as well as controversial hypotheses; "Ale Historia" - a historical weekly where its editors reach previously unknown facts, present unique places and people, works of art and cultural events; "Wysokie Obcasy" - a women's magazine that deals with everyday and extraordinary matters, and also publishes portraits of women not necessarily known from the front pages of newspapers.
= Print style =
{{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} is published in a five-column block format, which was adopted at the beginning of the daily's existence. The magazine is printed in color on white paper, and its cover exposes the most important subject of the day in the form of a large headline. The current style of the daily is based on the change made on 7 March 2006, when its graphic design was updated, taken over from Agora's closed daily Nowy Dzien. The primary typeface used in the articles is of the Tribune type, designed by the Boston-based company Font Bureau.{{Cite web |title="Gazeta Wyborcza" w nowej szacie graficznej |url=http://wyborcza.pl/centrumpomocygw/1,135907,3198492.html |access-date=2015-07-01 |website=Wyborcza.pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110075518/http://wyborcza.pl/centrumpomocygw/1,135907,3198492.html |archive-date=10 January 2019 }}
Online presence
File:Redakcja Gazety Wyborczej ul. Czerska 2014.JPG
For the first time, content from supplements to {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} was made available by Agora on the Internet in 1994.{{Cite journal |last=Górbiel |first=Andrzej |date=1994-10-18 |title=Jak czytać "Gazetę" przez Internet? |journal=Komputery I Biuro |volume=243 |page=9}} The first archived pages of the magazine's information website come from December 1996 (located in the gazeta.pl domain{{Cite web |title=Online Gazeta |url=http://www.gazeta.pl/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961226150239/http://www.gazeta.pl/ |access-date=2015-07-01|archive-date=26 December 1996 }}), and from May 2001 (located in the Wyborcza.pl domain).{{Cite web |title=Strona główna |url=http://www.wyborcza.pl/ |access-date=2015-07-01 |website=Gazeta Wyborcza|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010524201859/http://www.wyborcza.pl/ |archive-date=24 May 2001 }} As early as 2001, the website functioning in the gazeta.pl domain, initially being the Internet version of Wyborcza , was transformed into a separate informational Internet portal .
In 2006, a separate website, gazetawyborcza.pl, was separated from the Gazeta.pl portal, being an electronic version of {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}}.{{Cite web |title=Strona główna |url=http://www.gazetawyborcza.pl/0,0.html |access-date=2015-07-01 |website=Gazeta Wyborcza|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205050749/http://www.gazetawyborcza.pl/0,0.html |archive-date=5 December 2006 }} Currently, the website operates in the Wyborcza.pl domain, functioning as the name of the website. The first editor-in-chief of the website was Edward Krzemień. The Wyborcza.pl website publishes articles that were simultaneously published in the printed version of the daily and its supplements. In addition, the website publishes additional content not present in the printed {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} : video materials, thematically grouped photos, drawings. In 2012, an online archive of {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} was launched.{{Cite web |date=2012-05-07 |title=Archiwum Gazety Wyborczej |url=http://archiwum.wyborcza.pl/Archiwum/0,0.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507044617/http://archiwum.wyborcza.pl/Archiwum/0,0.html |access-date=2015-07-01|archive-date=7 May 2012 }}
In addition to the Wyborcza.pl portal, the content of the magazine is also published on a separate website Wyborcza.biz, devoted to economics and the economy. The Wyborcza.pl website is linked to the BIQdata portal, where socio-political reports are published in the form of charts, infographics and other graphic representations of numerical values. Its opening took place on 23 September 2014.{{Cite web |last=Vadim Makarenko, Bogumiła Piotrowska, Marcin Urban |date=2014-09-23 |title=Świat w liczbach, czyli nowy serwis BIQdata.pl |url=http://wyborcza.biz/biznes/10,100896,16686548,Swiat_w_liczbach__czyli_nowy_serwis_BIQdata_pl____.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150701145800/http://wyborcza.biz/biznes/10,100896,16686548,Swiat_w_liczbach__czyli_nowy_serwis_BIQdata_pl____.html |archive-date=2015-07-01 |access-date=2014-09-23 |website=Wyborcza.biz}}
Wysokie Obcasy.pl features content concerning women and includes section on psychology, health and beauty, food, and jobs. Biqdata.wyborcza.pl is dedicated to stories and developments as seen through the prism of big data and the wider world of information technology.
In 2014, {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} introduced a digital subscription.{{Cite web |title=Wyborcza.pl |url=https://wyborcza.pl/1,75968,15399825,_Wyborcza__wprowadza_oplaty_za_tresci_w_sieci__Placic.html |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=wyborcza.pl}} The basic package includes access to the news on the website and through the app. The premium package offers access to all of its content including 28 local editions. The club package offers access to its editorial team, special events, and two additional subscriptions for family members. The entire content of {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} on the Internet has been payable since February 4, 2014.{{Cite web |last=Paweł Okopień |title=Od jutra Gazeta Wyborcza zamknie czołowe serwisy oraz strony lokalne za nowym paywallem (SONDA: będziesz płacić?) |url=http://www.spidersweb.pl/2014/02/gazeta-wyborcza-paywall.html |access-date=2014-02-03 |website=Spider's Web|date=3 February 2014 }} The number of digital subscriptions in subsequent years was: 55,000 (2014), 77,000 (2015), 100,000 (2016),{{Cite web |date=2017-01-09 |title=100 tys. prenumerat cyfrowych Wyborcza.pl. "To powód do dumy i wdzięczności wobec czytelników" |url=http://wyborcza.pl/7,75398,21222052,gazeta-wyborcza-coraz-silniejsza-w-internecie-100-tys-prenumerat.html |access-date=2017-01-11 |website=wyborcza.pl}} 200,000 (2019), 220,000 (2020), and 260,000 (2021).{{Cite web |title="Gazeta Wyborcza" ma już prawie 260 tys. subskrybentów cyfrowych |url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/artykul/gazeta-wyborcza-liczba-subskrybentow-cyfrowych-pakiety-jaka-cena-opinie-komentarze |access-date=2021-03-23 |website=wirtualnemedia.pl |date=19 March 2021 |language=pl}}
= Mobile app =
Content from {{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} is available both in the version for personal computers and via the mobile application. On 10 June 2009, iPhone owners were able to download the journal app from the App Store. On 20 July 2012, the iPad application was launched. In February 2012, viewing journal articles was made possible on the Kindle. The first version of the application for devices with the Android operating system, produced by the We Like Caps development studio, appeared on Google Play on 7 July 2014.
Awards
{{Lang|pl|Gazeta Wyborcza}} received many Grand Press awards; in 2014 it was honored with the title of the Newspaper of the Twenty-Five Years.{{Cite web |date=2014-12-12 |title=Piotr Andrusieczko Dziennikarzem Roku 2014, "Wyborcza" gazetą 25-lecia |url=http://www.agora.pl/agora/1,110863,17132813,Piotr_Andrusieczko_Dziennikarzem_Roku_2014___Wyborcza_.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Agora SA}} The title of Journalist of the Year awarded during this ceremony was given in 2007 to Marcin Kącki,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2007 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/183,0,grand-press-2007.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071842/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/183,0,grand-press-2007.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} in 2010 – Artur Domosławski,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2010 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/429,0,grand-press-2010.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071957/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/429,0,grand-press-2010.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} in 2011 - Andrzej Poczobut,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2011 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/451,0,grand-press-2011.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513072347/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/451,0,grand-press-2011.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} in 2013 - Mariusz Szczygieł,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2013 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/493,0,grand-press-2013.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513072353/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/493,0,grand-press-2013.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} and in 2014 - Piotr Andrusieczko.{{Cite web |date=2014-12-12 |title=Piotr Andrusieczko Dziennikarzem Roku 2014, "Wyborcza" gazetą 25-lecia |url=http://www.agora.pl/agora/1,110863,17132813,Piotr_Andrusieczko_Dziennikarzem_Roku_2014___Wyborcza_.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Agora SA}} In other categories, awards were given to Katarzyna Klukowska, Włodzimierz Kalicki,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 1998 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/174,0,grand-press-1998.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071946/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/174,0,grand-press-1998.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Jacek Hugo-Bader, Adam Wajrak,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 1999 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/175,0,grand-press-1999.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071822/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/175,0,grand-press-1999.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Ireneusz Dańko, Dariusz Janowski, Marcin Fabiański, Leszek Talko,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2000 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/176,0,grand-press-2000.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513072342/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/176,0,grand-press-2000.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Anna Bikont, Artur Włodarski,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2001 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/177,0,grand-press-2001.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071756/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/177,0,grand-press-2001.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Tomasz Patora , Marcin Stelmasiak, Anna Fostalkowska,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2002 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/178,0,grand-press-2002.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071827/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/178,0,grand-press-2002.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Roman Daszczyński, Krzysztof Wójcik, Angelika Kuźniak, Włodzimierz Nowak,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2004 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/180,0,grand-press-2004.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071802/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/180,0,grand-press-2004.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Wojciech Staszewski,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2004 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/180,0,grand-press-2004.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071802/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/180,0,grand-press-2004.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Magdalena Grochowska, Maciej Samcik,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2005 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/181,0,grand-press-2005.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071837/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/181,0,grand-press-2005.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Joanna Wojciechowska,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2006 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/182,0,grand-press-2006.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071807/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/182,0,grand-press-2006.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Paweł Wiejas,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2008 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/253,0,grand-press-2008.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501101335/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/253,0,grand-press-2008.html |archive-date=1 May 2018 }} Piotr Głuchowski, Marcin Kowalski, Magdalena Grzebałkowska,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2009 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/392,0,grand-press-2009.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071812/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/392,0,grand-press-2009.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Urszula Jabłońska,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2012 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/469,0,grand-press-2012.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513071847/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/469,0,grand-press-2012.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Agnieszka Kublik , Bartosz T. Wieliński,{{Cite web |title=Bartosz T. Wieliński autorem najlepszego reportażu prasowego |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/508,0,bartosz-t-wielinski-autorem-najlepszego-reportazu-prasowego.html |access-date=2016-09-11 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110073941/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/508,0,bartosz-t-wielinski-autorem-najlepszego-reportazu-prasowego.html |archive-date=10 January 2019 }} Donata Subbotko,{{Cite web |title=Grand Press 2013 |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/493,0,grand-press-2013.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513072353/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/493,0,grand-press-2013.html |archive-date=13 May 2018 }} Elżbieta Sidi,{{Cite web |title=Elżbieta Sidi nagrodzona w kategorii Publicystyka |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/529,0,elzbieta-sidi-nagrodzona-w-kategorii-publicystyka.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625161032/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/529,0,elzbieta-sidi-nagrodzona-w-kategorii-publicystyka.html |archive-date=25 June 2018 }} Anna Śmigulec,{{Cite web |title=Anna Śmigulec autorką najlepszego reportażu prasowego |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/528,0,anna-smigulec-autorka-najlepszego-reportazu-prasowego.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110074033/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/528,0,anna-smigulec-autorka-najlepszego-reportazu-prasowego.html |archive-date=10 January 2019 }} and Grzegorz Sroczyński.{{Cite web |title=Najlepszy wywiad przeprowadził Grzegorz Sroczyński |url=http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/525,0,najlepszy-wywiad-przeprowadzil-grzegorz-sroczynski.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Grand Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110073950/http://www.old.grandpress.press.pl/525,0,najlepszy-wywiad-przeprowadzil-grzegorz-sroczynski.html |archive-date=10 January 2019 }} Journalists of the magazine were also awarded during four Sharp Pen awards ceremonies.{{Cite web |date=2003-02-18 |title=Ostre Pióra 2002 |url=http://www.agora.pl/agora/1,110863,1333291.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Agora|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705141656/http://www.agora.pl/agora/1,110863,1333291.html |archive-date=5 July 2015 }}{{Cite web |date=2004-03-01 |title=Ostre Pióra 2003 |url=http://www.agora.pl/agora/1,110863,1944850.html |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Agora|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705162415/http://www.agora.pl/agora/1,110863,1944850.html |archive-date=5 July 2015 }}{{Cite web |date=2005-02-28 |title=Ostre pióro Michała Zielińskiego |url=http://www.wprost.pl/ar/73988/Ostre-pioro-Michala-Zielinskiego/ |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Wprost}}{{Cite web |last=Polska Agencja Prasowa |date=2006-02-27 |title=Rozdano "Ostre Pióra 2005" |url=http://www.pb.pl/1389206,48921,rozdano-ostre-piora-2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705185524/http://www.pb.pl/1389206,48921,rozdano-ostre-piora-2005 |archive-date=2015-07-05 |access-date=2015-07-04 |website=Puls Biznesu}}
In 2004, the editorial office was awarded the "Drummer of the Greater Poland Uprising" statuette, awarded by the Main Board of the Society for the Remembrance of the Greater Poland Uprising 1918/1919.{{Cite web |title=Dobosz – Towarzystwo Pamięci Powstania Wielkopolskiego 1918/1919 |url=https://powstaniewielkopolskie.pl/nowa/?page_id=47 |access-date=2022-11-26 |language=pl-PL}}
In 2022, Gazeta Wyborcza and the Gazeta Wyborcza Foundation received the Golden Pen of Freedom award for fighting for independent journalism and carrying out its mission despite pressure from the authorities.{{Cite web |last=Andrew Heslop |date=2022-09-28 |title=Golden Pen of Freedom Awarded to Gazeta Wyborcza and the Gazeta Wyborcza Foundation |url=https://wan-ifra.org/2022/09/golden-pen-of-freedom-awarded-to-gazeta-wyborcza-and-the-gazeta-wyborcza-foundation/ |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=WAN-IFRA |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Wyborcza.pl |url=https://wyborcza.pl/7,75399,28962543,wyborcza-i-jej-fundacja-z-prestizowa-nagroda-golden-pen-for.html |access-date=2022-09-28 |website=wyborcza.pl}}
See also
Bibliography
- {{Cite book |last=Dudek |first=Antoni |title=Historia polityczna Polski 1989–2012 |publisher=Znak |year=2013 |isbn=978-83-240-2130-7 |location=Kraków |language=pl |trans-title=Political history of Poland 1989–2012}}
- {{Cite book |last=Karpiński |first=Jakub |title=Trzecia niepodległość. Najnowsza historia Polski |publisher=Świat Książki |year=2001 |isbn=83-7311-156-5 |location=Warszawa |trans-title=The third independence. The recent history of Poland}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{official website|http://wyborcza.pl/}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gazeta Wyborcza}}
Category:1989 establishments in Poland
Category:Newspapers published in Warsaw
Category:Polish-language newspapers
Category:Newspapers established in 1989