2017 Westminster attack

{{See also|Terrorism in the United Kingdom}}

Prior to the attack, the UK Threat Level for terrorism in the country was listed at "severe", meaning an attack was "highly likely".{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/11065167/Britain-facing-greatest-terrorist-threat-in-history.html|title=Britain facing 'greatest terrorist threat' in history|last1=Whitehead|first1=Tom|last2=Swinford|first2=Steven|date=29 August 2014|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=24 March 2017}}{{cite news|last1=Lawless|first1=Jill|last2=Dodds|first2=Paisley|last3=Kirka|first3=Danica|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/world/several-injured-outside-british-parliament-house-on-lockdown-amid-reports-of-several-injuries-outside|agency=Associated Press|title=UK Parliament attack: Five dead and 40 injured in 'sick and depraved terrorist incident' at Westminster|date=22 March 2017}} There had not been a killing at the Palace of Westminster since the assassination of Airey Neave by the Irish National Liberation Army in 1979, which took place close to New Palace Yard, during the Northern Ireland conflict.{{cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/staggers/2017/03/westminster-terror-attack-what-we-know-so-far|title=Westminster terror attack: What we know so far|last=Bush|first=Stephen|date=23 March 2017|website=New Statesman|access-date=23 March 2017}} The previous terrorist attack to have caused multiple casualties on the British mainland had been the 7 July 2005 London bombings. Shortly before the attack, a division had been called in the House of Commons.{{cite hansard|title=Pension Schemes Bill [Lords]|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2017-03-22/debates/86270814-D91F-4C5E-993A-DB3A3D24D0EE/PensionSchemesBill(Lords)#contribution-7C07081A-5714-4E52-B9BD-C3520F5C0A42|house=House of Commons|date=22 March 2017|column=902}}

File:2017 Westminster attack map.png

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At 14:40{{nbsp}}local time on 22 March 2017,{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/d4b464ec-1199-11e7-b0c1-37e417ee6c76|title=Westminster attack lasted less than 90 seconds|last=Warrell|first=Helen|date=25 March 2016|access-date=25 March 2016|work=Financial Times}} a grey Hyundai Tucson,{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/25/westminster-attack-car-hire-firms-urged-tell-police-suspicious-customers-khalid-masood|title=Westminster attack: car hire firms urged to tell police about suspicious customers|last=Hickey|first=Shane|work=The Observer|date=25 March 2016|access-date=25 March 2016}}{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/26/82-seconds-started-whatsapp-message/|title=How 82 seconds of hell started with a WhatsApp message|last=Rayner|first=George|work=The Sunday Telegraph|date=26 March 2017|access-date=26 March 2017}}{{cite web|author=Martin Evans, Harry Yorke |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/27/mother-westminster-terrorist-says-shocked-actions-does-not-condone/ |title=Mother of Westminster terrorist says she is 'shocked' by his actions and does not condone the attack |work=The Daily Telegraph|date=27 March 2017 |access-date=28 March 2017}}{{cite web |url=http://news.met.police.uk/news/update-westminster-terror-attack-231086 |title=Update: Westminster terror attack |publisher=Metropolitan Police Service |date=27 March 2017 |access-date=28 March 2017 |archive-date=27 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327211218/http://news.met.police.uk/news/update-westminster-terror-attack-231086 |url-status=dead }} hired in Birmingham, was driven at up to {{convert|76|mph}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39408786|title=Westminster attacker 'drove up to 76mph' during attack|publisher=BBC Newsdate=27 March 2017}} into pedestrians along the pavement on the south side of Westminster Bridge and Bridge Street, causing multiple casualties.{{cite news|first=Karen|last=Gilchrist|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/23/uk-police-make-several-arrests-in-raid-linked-to-investigation-into-attack-on-parliament-reports.html|title=London police name Parliament attacker as British-born Khalid Masood, age 52|publisher=CNBC|date=23 March 2017|access-date=24 March 2017}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39359158|title=London attack: Four dead in Westminster terror attack|work=BBC News|date=22 March 2017}} One of the victims, a Romanian tourist, was thrown by the car's impact over the parapet of the bridge into the River Thames below. Having been knocked unconscious and sustained severe injuries from the fall, she was rescued by the crew of a river cruise and brought aboard a London Fire Brigade boat. She later died in hospital from her injuries.{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/europe/romanian-woman-andreea-cristea-dies-in-hospital-after-london-terror-attack/news-story/3dfbb1073e634a35079264ab9d32917a|title=Romanian woman Andreea Cristea dies in hospital after London attack|newspaper=News.com.au|date=7 April 2017|last1=Craw|first1=Victoria}}

The car continued, and crashed into railings on Bridge Street at the north perimeter of the Palace of Westminster.{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/beta/news/world/britain-westminster-attack-investigation-thurs-1.4037373|title=U.K. attacker ID'd as Khalid Masood, British-born man once investigated for 'violent extremism'|date=23 March 2017|publisher=CBC News|access-date=23 March 2017}} Masood, wearing black clothes, got out of the car and ran around the corner into Parliament Square and through the open Carriage Gates where he fatally stabbed an unarmed police officer, PC Keith Palmer. An armed police officer (believed to have been the Metropolitan Police close protection officer for the then Secretary of State for Defence Michael Fallon) witnessed the stabbing, ran towards the scene and shot Masood dead.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/23/cabinet-ministers-bodyguard-shot-westminster-terrorist/|title=London attack: Cabinet minister's bodyguard shot Westminster terrorist|last1=Rayner|first1=Gordon|last2=McCann|first2=Kate|date=23 March 2017|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=24 March 2017}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/uk-39355505|title=London attack – latest updates|work=BBC News|access-date=22 March 2017}}{{cite news|last1=Boyle|first1=Danny|last2=Evans|first2=Martin|title=Parliament shooting: Knifeman shot by police after charging through Westminster gates and stabbing officer|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/22/man-shot-police-outside-parliament-officer-reportedly-shoots|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=22 March 2017}} The entire attack lasted 82 seconds.

Despite attempts to resuscitate him, Masood died at the scene having been hit by all three shots fired by police. The first bullet, which struck his upper torso, was believed to be the cause of death;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-39446816|title=London attack: Khalid Masood 'died from shot to chest'|date=30 March 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=30 March 2017}}{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Emily|title=Westminster attack: Everything we know so far|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/22/westminster-terror-attack-everything-know-far|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=22 March 2017|access-date=22 March 2017}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/live/2017/mar/22/peers-say-brexit-with-no-trade-deal-would-cause-signicicant-damage-to-service-sector-politics-live|title=Parliament attack: man shot after police officer stabbed at House of Commons|last=Sparrow|first=Andrew|work=The Guardian|access-date=22 March 2017|issn=0261-3077}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/oct/12/westminster-bridge-attack-khalid-masood-lawfully-killed-inquest-concludes|title=Westminster attacker lawfully killed by minister's bodyguard, jury finds|last=Siddique|first=Haroon|date=12 October 2018|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=12 October 2018}} he was pronounced dead at 15:35 at hospital. Passers-by, including MP Tobias Ellwood (the Foreign Minister for the Middle East and Africa) and paramedics, attempted to revive PC Palmer, also without success.{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/22/hero-mp-parliament-terror-attack-tobias-ellwood-battled-save|title=Hero MP in Parliament terror attack: Tobias Ellwood battled to save life of stabbed officer|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=22 March 2017}} Police later confirmed that PC Palmer had been wearing a protective vest, which did not appear to have been punctured in the attack.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39394518|title=London attack: One still held in police custody|work=BBC News|date=25 March 2016|access-date=25 March 2015}}

Theresa May, the Prime Minister, who was in the Commons for a vote, was evacuated by her security team in the Prime Ministerial car,{{cite news|author=Bethany Minelle |url=http://news.sky.com/story/how-did-theresa-mays-security-team-handle-her-evacuation-from-westminster-10812202 |title=How did Theresa May's security team handle her evacuation from Westminster? |publisher=Sky News |access-date=25 March 2017}} and taken to 10 Downing Street.{{cite news|date=22 March 2017 |url=http://www.itv.com/news/london/2017-03-22/prime-minister-to-chair-meeting-of-cobra-committee/ |title=Prime Minister chairs meeting of Cobra committee | London |work=ITV News |access-date=25 March 2017}} Additional armed police officers arrived, including Counter Terrorist Specialist Firearms Officers who were on scene within 6 minutes.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-39810721|title=UK upgrades response to terror threats|last=Gardner|first=Frank|date=4 May 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=13 October 2018|language=en-GB}} An air ambulance from London HEMS attended the scene, landing in Parliament Square.{{cite web|title=Statement on incident at Westminster|url=http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/news/news_releases_and_statements/statement_on_incident_at_westm.aspx|website=London Ambulance Service|access-date=28 March 2017|date=23 March 2017|archive-date=27 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327183116/http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/news/news_releases_and_statements/statement_on_incident_at_westm.aspx|url-status=dead}} Parliament was suspended and MPs remained in the Commons debating chamber as a precaution.{{cite hansard |jurisdiction= |title= Sitting suspended |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2017-03-22/debates/86270814-D91F-4C5E-993A-DB3A3D24D0EE/PensionSchemesBill(Lords)#contribution-56EF3D60-964D-4780-9EC6-C1E5568267022 |house=House of Commons |date= 22 March 2017|column=902 |speaker=Lindsay Hoyle |position=}} Parliamentary staff were confined to their offices; journalists and visitors to Parliament were not permitted to leave the building. Some were later evacuated to Westminster Abbey.

The Scottish Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales also suspended their proceedings that afternoon.{{cite news|last1=Carrell|first1=Severin|title=Holyrood suspends referendum debate after Westminster attacks|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/22/holyrood-suspends-referendum-debate-westminster-attacks-scottish-parliament|work=The Guardian|access-date=23 March 2017}}{{cite news|title=Assembly suspended after London attack|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-wales-politics-39357666|work=BBC News|access-date=23 March 2017}} The UK government's emergency Cabinet Office Briefing Room (COBRA) committee, chaired by the Prime Minister, met in response to the attack. It was decided there was no need for the threat level to be raised as a result of the attack.{{cite news |last1=Dodd|first1=Vikram |last2=MacAskill |first2=Ewen |last3=Grierson|first3=Jamie |last4=Stewart |first4=Heather |title=Westminster attack: police hunt for clues after four dead in 'sick and depraved' incident |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/22/parliament-attack-police-officer-four-dead-westminster |access-date=23 March 2017|work=The Guardian|date=23 March 2017}}

!{{nts|4}}

|-

|style="text-align:left;" | French{{cite web|title=Attentat à Londres : des lycéens Français blessés, un assaillant neutralisé au Parlement |url=http://www.capital.fr/a-la-une/actualites/parlement-britannique-a-londres-des-coups-de-feu-plusieurs-blesses-1215935 |work=Capital |language=fr |access-date=22 March 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322194105/http://www.capital.fr/a-la-une/actualites/parlement-britannique-a-londres-des-coups-de-feu-plusieurs-blesses-1215935 |archive-date=22 March 2017 }}

!{{nts|}}

!{{nts|3}}

|-

|style="text-align:left;" | Greek

!{{nts|}}

!{{nts|2}}

|-

|style="text-align:left;" | Italian{{cite web|url=http://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca2017/03/22/news/ragazza_bolognese_ferita_nell_attentato_di_londra-161167215 |title=Giovane bolognese lievemente ferita nell'attentato di Londra |work=la Repubblica |access-date=22 March 2017 |language=it }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web|url=http://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/mondo/europa/2017/03/22/attacco-a-parlamento-londra-diverse-persone-ferite_16777646-036d-4218-b87b-fc3c99aee4e9.html|title=Londra, attacco al Parlamento. Quattro morti, ferite due italiane. Ucciso l'assalitore. May: 'Atto odioso' – Europa|date=22 March 2017|language=it|publisher=ansa.it}}

!{{nts|}}

!{{nts|2}}

|-

|style="text-align:left;" | Australian{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/live/2017/mar/22/peers-say-brexit-with-no-trade-deal-would-cause-signicicant-damage-to-service-sector-politics-live?page=with:block-58d33afee4b007e8557eeade#block-58d33afee4b007e8557eeade|title=Australian injured in London attack|work=The Guardian|access-date=22 March 2017}}

!{{nts|}}

!{{nts|1}}

|-

|style="text-align:left;" | Chinese{{cite web|url=http://china.timesofnews.com/chinese-tourist-injured-in-london-terror-attack|title=Chinese tourist injured in London terror attack|date=23 March 2017|publisher=Times of News|access-date=23 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214213823/http://china.timesofnews.com/chinese-tourist-injured-in-london-terror-attack|archive-date=14 February 2019|url-status=dead}}

!{{nts|}}

!{{nts|1}}

|-

|style="text-align:left;" | Irish

!{{nts|}}

!{{nts|1}}

|-

|style="text-align:left;" | Polish

!{{nts|}}

!{{nts|1}}

|-

|style="text-align:left;" | Portuguese{{cite web|url=https://expresso.sapo.pt/sociedade/2017-03-22-Ha-um-portugues-entre-os-feridos.-Ja-teve-alta-e-esta-bem-de-saude-diz-Governo|title=Há um português entre os feridos. "Já teve alta e está bem de saúde", diz Governo|date=22 March 2017|publisher=Expresso|language=pt|access-date=29 July 2018|archive-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126021233/https://expresso.sapo.pt/sociedade/2017-03-22-Ha-um-portugues-entre-os-feridos.-Ja-teve-alta-e-esta-bem-de-saude-diz-Governo|url-status=dead}}

!{{nts|}}

!{{nts|1}}

|-

|style="text-align:left;" | Not stated

!{{nts|}}

!{{nts|18}}

|- class="sortbottom"

!style="text-align:left;" | Total

!6{{efn|name=incl}}

!48

|-

! colspan="3" style="text-align:left;" | {{noteslist}}

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File:Keith Palmer's funeral (003).jpg en route to Southwark Cathedral]]

Six people, including the attacker, died as a result of the incident, and around 50 others were injured, some of them severely. Of the five people killed by the attacker, three were British nationals. One of the dead was a teacher believed to have been walking along the bridge to pick up her children from school.{{cite news|last=Horton|first=Helena|title=Aysha Frade: the first named civilian victim of Westminster attack 'was picking up her children from school'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/23/first-named-victim-attack-ayesha-frade-picking-children-school|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=23 March 2017}} A tourist from the United States also died; he was visiting London from Utah to celebrate his 25th anniversary with his wife, who was among the injured.{{Cite news|url=http://www.ksl.com/?sid=43643270&nid=148&title=health-improving-for-utah-woman-injured-in-london-terror-attack|title=Health improving for Utah woman injured in London terror attack {{!}} KSL.com|access-date=27 March 2017}} The fourth victim was a 75-year-old man from Clapham in south-west London, who was hit by the car and later died in hospital after his life support was switched off.{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/london-terror-attack-parliament-death-toll-khalid-masood-adrian-russell-ajao/|title=Civilian death toll climbs after London terror attack|date=24 March 2017|work=CBS News|access-date=24 March 2017}}Maev Kennedy – [https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/24/westminster-attack-leslie-rhodes-the-nicest-man-you-ever-met Westminster attack: Leslie Rhodes 'the nicest man you ever met'] – The Guardian. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 March 2017. A fifth victim, a 31-year-old tourist from Romania, fell into the Thames during the attack; she died in hospital as a result of her injuries on 6 April after her life support was withdrawn. Her Romanian boyfriend, who had planned to propose marriage during their trip to London, was also injured during the attack.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39525596| title=Westminster Bridge attack victim Andreea Cristea dies|work=BBC News|access-date=7 April 2017}}{{cite news|work =The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/07/andreea-cristea-woman-fell-thames-westminster-attack-dies-hospital/|access-date=7 April 2017|title=Andreea Cristea: woman who fell in the Thames during the Westminster attack dies in hospital }}

The police officer killed was PC Keith Palmer, 48, an unarmed police officer who was on duty with the Parliamentary and Diplomatic Protection command.{{cite web|url=http://metro.co.uk/2017/03/22/keith-palmer-named-as-officer-killed-in-terror-attack-as-five-confirmed-dead-6527902|title=Keith Palmer named as officer killed in London terror attack|work=Metro|location=UK|date=22 March 2016|access-date=22 March 2017}}{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/keith-palmer-policeman-stabbing-death-named-london-terror-attack-westminster-a7644811.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/keith-palmer-policeman-stabbing-death-named-london-terror-attack-westminster-a7644811.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Keith Palmer: Policeman stabbed to death in London terror attack named|last=Batchelor|first=Tom|date=22 March 2017|work=The Independent|access-date=22 March 2017}}{{cbignore}} Palmer had 15 years of experience in the Metropolitan Police Service.

A dozen people received serious injuries, some described as "catastrophic", and eight others were treated for less serious injuries at the scene. Injured members of the public were taken to St Thomas' Hospital, which is located immediately across Westminster Bridge in Lambeth, and to King's College Hospital (which declared a 'major incident' in its designated trauma centre), St Mary's Hospital, the Royal London Hospital and the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital. Three French students, from Concarneau in Brittany, were among those injured;{{cite news|url=https://www.lesechos.fr/monde/europe/0211902390408-attaque-devant-le-parlement-britannique-plusieurs-blesses-2074381.php|title=Attaque à Londres: des élèves français blessés, selon Bernard Cazeneuve|location=Paris|website=Les Echos|language=fr|access-date=22 March 2017}} others included three police officers who were returning from a commendation ceremony, four students from Edge Hill University in Lancashire, and the wife of the American who was killed.

The attacker was identified by the Metropolitan Police as Khalid Masood, a 52-year-old Black Briton.[https://www.counterextremism.com/extremists/khalid-masood Adrian Russell Elms/Khalid Masood ìmage], counterextremism.com. Accessed 21 March 2024. He was born Adrian Russell Elms to a single mother but used his stepfather's surname, Ajao, interchangeably with Elms from the age of two.{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/world/europe/london-terrorists-mum-breaks-silence-after-deadly-attack/news-story/103d67bd27a690201b80442464c044d4|title=First pictures emerge of London terrorist|newspaper=News.com.au|date=24 March 2017|last1=Craw|first1=Victoria}}{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/24/europe/london-attack/index.html?adkey=bn|title=London attack: Westminster suspect identified as Adrian Russell Ajao|date=24 March 2017 |publisher=CNN|access-date=24 March 2017}} He changed his name to Khalid Masood after converting to Islam. Police said he also used several other aliases, including Khalid Choudry.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/khalid-masood-terrorist-westminster-london-attack-who-is-he-profile-a7646336.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/khalid-masood-terrorist-westminster-london-attack-who-is-he-profile-a7646336.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Khalid Masood: London attacker was known to MI5 but had no terror convictions|first=Andrew|last=Griffin|date=23 March 2017|access-date=23 March 2017|work=Independent}}{{cbignore}}

Masood was born in Kent, and brought up in Rye, East Sussex, and later attended secondary school in Tunbridge Wells in Kent. Latterly, he lived in the West Midlands.{{cite news|last1=Brown|first1=David|last2=Swerling|first2=Gabriella|last3=Gibbons|first3=Katie|title=Police search homes linked to criminal with a string of aliases|work=The Times|page=2|issn=0140-0460|date=23 March 2017}} He dropped out of school at 16 and by 18 was described as a heavy cocaine user.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/25/khalid-masood-profile-from-popular-teenager-to-isis-inspired-terrorist|title=Khalid Masood: from Kent schoolboy to Westminster attacker|last1=Laville|first1=Sandra|date=25 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=25 March 2017|last2=Booth|first2=Robert|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}} He was sentenced to two years in prison in 2000 for grievous bodily harm during a knife attack in a public house in Northiam in Sussex. In 2003, he was sentenced to six months in prison for possession of an offensive weapon following another knife attack in Eastbourne in Sussex.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/23/violent-extremist-dropped-polices-radar/|access-date=24 March 2017|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=First picture of Khalid Masood reveals how he went from football-loving teenager to London attacker}}{{cite news|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/24/khalid-masood-everything-know-london-attacker/|title=Khalid Masood: Everything we know about the London attacker |author1=Robert Mendick|author2=Emily Allen|access-date=24 March 2017}} He also had convictions for public order offences going back to 1983. He converted to Islam while in prisonAnderson, David (2017). [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/664682/Attacks_in_London_and_Manchester_Open_Report.pdf Attacks in London and Manchester, March-June 2017: Independent Assessment of MI5 and Police Internal Reviews]. pp.12-14 although police found no evidence to suggest he became radicalised there.{{cite web | title='No evidence' Khalid Masood had links to IS or al-Qaeda | work=BBC News | date=27 March 2017 | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39408786 | access-date=28 March 2017 | quote="[Deputy Assistant Commissioner Neil Basu] ... said there was also no evidence Masood was radicalised in prison in 2003.}}{{cite web | title=Terrorist Masood 'had no links with Islamic State in low tech attack' | website=London Evening Standard | date=27 March 2017 | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/london-attack-terrorist-khalid-masood-had-no-links-with-is-and-was-not-radicalised-in-prison-police-a3500386.html | access-date=28 March 2017 | author=Gillett, Francesca | quote=There is no evidence that Masood was radicalised in prison in 2003, as has been suggested; this is pure speculation at this time}} He changed his name to Khalid Masood in 2005.

Masood taught English in Saudi Arabia from November 2005 to November 2006, and again from April 2008 to April 2009,{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/25/khalid-masood-profile-from-popular-teenager-to-isis-inspired-terrorist|title=Khalid Masood: from Kent schoolboy to Westminster attacker|last1=Laville|first1=Sandra|date=25 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=25 March 2017|last2=Booth|first2=Robert|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}{{cite news|url=http://time.com/4713237/london-attack-parliament-khalid-masood-saudia-arabia/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325200839/http://time.com/4713237/london-attack-parliament-khalid-masood-saudia-arabia/|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 March 2017|title=London Attacker Khalid Masood Worked in Saudi Arabia Teaching English|magazine=Time|access-date=26 March 2017}} after which he worked at a college teaching English as a foreign language in Luton, England.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/24/nine-custody-westminster-terrorist-attack-police-arrests|title=Westminster attack: terrorist's final hours and violent past|last1=Grierson|first1=Jamie|date=24 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=24 March 2017|last2=Dodd|first2=Vikram|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|last3=Laville|first3=Sandra|last4=Ross|first4=Alice}} In early March 2015, he made a brief trip to Saudi Arabia on an Umrah visa, normally issued to those making a pilgrimage to Mecca.

In 2010, Masood was described as a "peripheral figure" in a MI5 investigation of a group of Islamists later convicted of plotting to bomb a Territorial Army base in Luton. Following a risk assessment, MI5 decided he did not pose a threat.[https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/27/westminster-attacker-khalid-masood-not-directed-by-isis-met-police "Westminster attacker Khalid Masood had interest in jihad, say police"]. The Guardian. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/26/westminster-terrorist-linked-remote-controlled-car-bomb-plot/ "London terrorist linked to remote-controlled car bomb plot to blow up Army base"]. The Daily Telegraph. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017. The Metropolitan Police said he was not the subject of any current investigations and there was no prior intelligence about his intent to mount a terrorist attack.{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/23/world/europe/london-attack-uk.html|title=London Attacker Identified as Khalid Masood|last=Bilefsky|first=Dan|work=The New York Times|date=23 March 2017 |access-date=23 March 2017|location=London}} He had not been convicted of any terrorism offences.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39372154|title=London attack: Police name Westminster attacker|date=23 March 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=23 March 2017|language=en-GB}}

Farasat Latif, director of the language school in Luton where Masood taught between 2010 and 2012, told The Guardian that when Masood lived in Luton he was apolitical and not aligned with the younger and predominantly Asian local radical Islamist group Al-Muhajiroun. Although aware of violence in Masood's past, Latif had only seen him become angry once, when Masood learnt of plans for a march by the English Defence League through Luton.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/28/westminster-terrorist-khalid-masood-wasnt-an-islamist-says-ex-boss|title=London terrorist Khalid Masood showed no extremist tendencies, says ex-boss|date=28 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 March 2017|language=en-GB}} Between 2012 and 2016, Masood appeared in MI5 investigations as a contact of individuals linked to Al-Muhajiroun.

Masood carried out reconnaissance of Westminster Bridge in person and online three days before the attack, He spent the night before the attack at the Preston Park Hotel in Brighton, Sussex and was described as "laughing and joking" by the manager there.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2017/mar/24/london-attack-police-terrorist-khalid-masood-live|title=London terror attack: police name fourth fatality and make two 'significant' arrests – live|last1=Khomami|first1=Nadia |date=24 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=24 March 2017|last2=Phipps|first2=Claire|issn=0261-3077}} He had taken anabolic steroids in the days and hours before the attack.{{cite news |last1=Slawson |first1=Nicola |title=Khalid Masood took steroids before carrying out Westminster attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jan/15/khalid-masood-took-steroids-before-carrying-out-westminster-attack |access-date=18 May 2022 |work=the Guardian |date=15 January 2018 |language=en}}

Masood, at 52, was atypical in that most jihadi terrorists are under 35.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/23/no-surprise-that-london-attacker-was-born-in-uk|title=No surprise that London attacker Khalid Masood was born in UK|last=Burke|first=Jason|quote=The standout detail from the sketchy profile we have of Khalid Masood is his age: 52, nearly twice that of most contemporary attackers.|date=23 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=12 October 2018}}

File:WATCH - Scotland Yard counterterrorism investigation.webmhd.webm, provided by Commander Ben-Julian Harrington at New Scotland Yard following the attack]]

On 22 March, the day of the attack, the Metropolitan Police said it believed the attack was inspired by "international terrorism"{{cite news|url=http://abc7chicago.com/news/5-dead-in-london-attacks-including-police-officer-and-attacker-british-police-say/1812798 |title=5 dead in London attacks, including police officer and attacker, British police say |date=22 March 2017 |agency=Associated Press |publisher=WLS-TV |access-date=23 March 2017 |location=London |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323014153/http://abc7chicago.com/news/5-dead-in-london-attacks-including-police-officer-and-attacker-british-police-say/1812798/ |archive-date=23 March 2017 }} and that they were working under the assumption that it was "Islamist-related terrorism".[https://www.ft.com/content/2cb85322-0f12-11e7-b030-768954394623 "Terror attack on UK parliament leaves 5 dead and 40 injured"]. Financial Times. 22 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=He6zSEjRM5Q Video: "Scotland Yard's top anti-terror officer Mark Rowley gives new details on the attack"]. TRT World. 22 March 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017. On 23 March, the Islamic State-associated Amaq News Agency announced that the attacker was "a soldier of the Islamic State, executing the operation in response to calls to target citizens of coalition nations".{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/23/london-attack-seven-arrested-police-raid-properties-linked-islamist|title=London attack: ISIL claims responsibility as Theresa May reveals terrorist was British citizen who had been investigated by MI5|work=The Telegraph|date=23 March 2017|access-date=23 March 2017}} The Home Secretary, Amber Rudd, cast doubts on this claim.{{cite news| last1=Hamilton|first1=Fiona| last2=Ford|first2=Richard|last3=Dominic|first3=Kennedy|last4=Simpson|first4=John| title=Killer was Muslim convert|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/crime/article/killer-was-muslim-convert-0b66607fv|access-date=24 March 2017|work=The Times|url-access=subscription |date=24 March 2017|language=en}} Analysts monitoring Islamic State online said the claim appeared to be an effort to mask its losses in Iraq and Syria, adding that the lack of biographical information on the attacker and lack of specifics about the attack suggested it was not directly involved.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/isis-london-westminster-parliament-attack-claim-syria-iraq-islamic-state-militants-plan-what-does-it-a7646871.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/isis-london-westminster-parliament-attack-claim-syria-iraq-islamic-state-militants-plan-what-does-it-a7646871.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Isis claiming responsibility for London attack to mask huge losses in Iraq and Syria, say terror experts|author=Lizzie Dearden|work=The Independent|access-date=23 March 2017}}{{cbignore}}

Describing Masood as a "terrorist",{{cite web|url=https://beta.met.police.uk/incident/|title=Incident in Westminster|publisher=Metropolitan Police|date=25 March 2017|access-date=25 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323013045/https://beta.met.police.uk/incident/|archive-date=23 March 2017}} the Metropolitan Police said it was investigating whether he was a lone actor inspired by terrorist propaganda or was being directed by others.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/khalid-masood-whatsapp-westminster-london-attack-parliament-message-isis-terror-network-contacts-a7649206.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/khalid-masood-whatsapp-westminster-london-attack-parliament-message-isis-terror-network-contacts-a7649206.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Khalid Masood: Suspected Isis supporter used WhatsApp two minutes before London attack|author=Lizzie Dearden|work=The Independent|access-date=25 March 2017}}{{cbignore}} On 25 March, Neil Basu, Deputy Assistant Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police and Senior National Coordinator for UK Counter-Terrorism Policing, announced that investigators believed Masood acted alone.{{cite news|work=BBC News|access-date=26 March 2017|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39396101|title=London attacker Khalid Masood acted alone, say police}} On 27 March, Basu announced that Masood clearly had an interest in jihad, that his methods echoed the rhetoric of Islamic State leaders and that investigators have found no evidence he was linked with it or al-Qaeda.[http://news.met.police.uk/news/update-westminster-terror-attack-231086 Update: Westminster terror attack] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327211218/http://news.met.police.uk/news/update-westminster-terror-attack-231086 |date=27 March 2017 }}. Metropolitan Police News. 27 March 2017. Retrieved 28 March 2017.

The security services later recovered the last WhatsApp message sent by Masood shortly before his attack. In it, Masood reportedly said he was waging jihad in revenge for Western military action in Muslim countries of the Middle East. He had written a document named "Jihad in the Quran and Sunnah", with his photograph on the front page and multiple extracts from the Quran that could be seen as supportive of jihad and martyrdom. He sent this document to numerous contacts a few minutes before the attack.

Some early reports gave descriptions of two supposed attackers, one described as a "bald white man" and another as a "black man with goatee beard". On the morning after the attack, Mark Rowley, the Metropolitan Police's Assistant Commissioner for Specialist Operations, stated that the police believed the attacker acted alone.{{cite news|work=Metropolitan Police News|access-date=27 March 2017|title=Terrorist attack in Westminster|url=http://news.met.police.uk/news/latest-on-westminster-incident-229843|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322211759/http://news.met.police.uk/news/latest-on-westminster-incident-229843|archive-date=22 March 2017|url-status=dead}} Abu Izzadeen was also erroneously identified as the attacker on social media, Channel 4 News and The Independent shortly after the attack, although Izzadeen was actually in prison at the time.{{cite news|title=The Story of the Man Mistaken as the Westminster Attacker|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-story-of-the-man-mistaken-as-the-westminster-attacker/|access-date=23 March 2017|work=Vice|date=23 March 2017|language=en-uk}} In April 2017, OFCOM announced an investigation into the Channel 4 News naming of Izzadeen.{{cite web |url=http://metro.co.uk/2017/04/03/ofcom-investigates-channel-4-news-over-london-terror-attack-mistake-6551917/?ito=facebook |title=Ofcom investigates Channel 4 News over London terror attack mistake |first=Jimmy |last=Nsubuga |work=Metro |publisher=Associated Newspapers Limited |access-date=3 April 2017|date=3 April 2017 }}

File:Birmingham Hagley Road Flat Media and Police on 2017-03-23 11.27.45.jpg

At 23:00 on 22 March, West Midlands Police raided a flat in Hagley Road, Birmingham. By the morning of 23 March, six locations in East London and Birmingham had been raided resulting in the arrests of eight people on suspicion of preparing terrorist acts.{{cite news|title=London attack: Eight held after armed police raids|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39363297|access-date=23 March 2017|work=BBC News|date=23 March 2017}} Officials also carried out searches in London, Brighton and Carmarthenshire.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-39365434|title=London attack: Police activity understood to be in Wales|date=23 March 2017|work=BBC News |access-date=23 March 2017|location=Wales}}{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/live/2017/mar/23/westminster-attack-parliament-resumes-tributes-keith-palmer-live|title=London terror attack: Khalid Masood named by police as responsible for Westminster attack|last=Sparrow|first=Andrew|date=23 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=23 March 2017}} The investigation was named Operation Classific. By 24 March, three further arrests had taken place, two men overnight in the West Midlands and North West England and a woman during the day in Manchester.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/24/london-attack-eight-suspected-associates-westminster-terrorist/|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=24 March 2017|first=Danny|last=Boyle|title=London attack: Westminster terrorist Khalid Masood branded 'scum and pure evil' by victim's relative as two people remain in custody }} A woman, arrested earlier in East London, was released on bail.{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-london-attacker-saudi-arabia-20170325-story.html|title=London attacker taught English in Saudi Arabia for 2 years|last=Katz|first=Gregory|work=The Chicago Tribune|access-date=27 March 2017}} Later on 24 March, seven of those initially arrested were released without further action and the woman arrested in Manchester was released on bail.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/24/nine-custody-westminster-terrorist-attack-police-arrests|title=Westminster attack: nine in custody after 'significant' arrests|first1=Jamie|last1=Grierson|first2=Vikram|last2=Dodd|first3=Robert|last3=Booth|date=24 March 2017|work=The Guardian}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39377883|work=BBC News|access-date=25 March 2017|title=London attack: Police appeal for information on Khalid Masood}}

By 25 March, only one man from Birmingham remained in custody and the woman on bail from East London had been removed from police enquiries. Up to that point in the investigation, 2,700 items had been seized and 3,500 witnesses had been contacted. A further arrest was made in Birmingham on 26 March.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39400554|work=BBC News|access-date=26 March 2016|title=London attack: Man, 30, arrested in Birmingham}} By 1 April, all twelve suspects arrested after the attack had been released without charge.{{cite news|last1=Johnston|first1=Chris|title=All 12 people arrested over Westminster attack released without charge|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/apr/01/all-12-people-arrested-over-westminster-attack-released-without-charge|access-date=1 April 2017|work=The Guardian|date=1 April 2017}}

Inquests for the dead victims were opened and adjourned on 29 March 2017, and into Masood's death the following day, both under the Senior Coroner for Westminster, Fiona Wilcox.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/30/westminster-terrorrist-attack-khalid-masood-died-of-gunshot-wound-to-chest-inquest-hears|title=Khalid Masood died of gunshot wound to chest, inquest hears|last=Grierson|first=Jamie|date=30 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 March 2017}}

On 12 October 2018, the jury at the inquest into Masood's death, held under the direction of the Chief Coroner of England and Wales, Mark Lucraft, found that Masood had been lawfully killed by a minister's close protection officer identified only as SA74. Two plain-clothed armed officers from the Royalty and Specialist Protection branch of the Metropolitan Police became aware of the ongoing attack; SA74 recounted to the court how Masood had ignored shouted warnings and how he had opened fire in response to Masood running towards him brandishing a knife.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/oct/12/westminster-bridge-attack-khalid-masood-lawfully-killed-inquest-concludes|title= Westminster attacker lawfully killed by minister's bodyguard, jury finds|last=Siddique|first=Haroon|date=12 October 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=12 October 2018}}

File:Parliament Square floral tributes.jpg

Reactions to the attack expressed shock and outrage, and characterised it as an attack against liberty, freedom of speech, and democracy.[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-39360719 London attack: World leaders show solidarity], BBC News (23 March 2017).Miller, Nick. [http://www.smh.com.au/world/london-terror-attack-attack-on-democracy-the-theme-of-newspaper-front-pages-20170322-gv4fic.html London terror attack: 'Attack on democracy' the theme of newspaper front pages], The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 24 March 2017.

Both the House of Commons and the House of Lords resumed their normal functions on 23 March, the day after the attack. A one-minute silence in honour of the dead was observed in Parliament, and by London's emergency services, at 09:33. The time was selected to coincide with the start of the day's official parliamentary business.{{cite news|title=London attack: Theresa May tells MPs 'we'll never waver'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-39363945|access-date=24 March 2017|publisher=BBC|date=23 March 2017}}{{cite journal|publisher=House of Commons|journal=Hansard|date=23 March 2017|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2017-03-23/debates/AF8D74DF-85B4-4BE6-9515-4E9A57EB2064/LondonAttacks|volume=623|title=London Attacks}} In the morning session of parliament, Prime Minister Theresa May said that, "Yesterday an act of terrorism tried to silence our democracy, but today we meet as normal ... to deliver a simple message: We are not afraid and our resolve will never waver in the face of terrorism." In a later statement following the 2017 London Bridge attack, May stated that all three recent attacks were "bound together by the single evil ideology of Islamic extremism".[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/london-bridge-terror-attack-theresa-may-tolerance-of-extremism-terrorism-islam-a7771836.html Theresa May: London terror attack shows Britain too tolerant of extremism], Independent, 4 June The Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, the Leader of the Opposition, described the attack as "an appalling atrocity". The speakers of both Houses of Parliament jointly offered sympathy to those affected, and thanked the emergency services.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/blog/live/2017/mar/22/peers-say-brexit-with-no-trade-deal-would-cause-signicicant-damage-to-service-sector-politics-live?page=with:block-58d2b468e4b007e8557ee8b6#block-58d2b468e4b007e8557ee8b6|title=Westminster attack: PC Keith Palmer named as police officer killed – as it happened|first1=Claire|last1=Phipps|last2=Taylor|first2=Matthew|first3=Kevin|last3=Rawlinson|first4=Andrew|last4=Sparrow|first5=Alexandra|last5=Topping|date=23 March 2017|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=23 March 2017}} The Scottish Parliament suspended the day's proceedings, including a debate on a second independence referendum.{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-39354555|title=Holyrood referendum debate halted after Westminster shooting|work=BBC News|access-date=22 March 2017}} Some MSPs who opposed the decision to suspend parliament said that doing so was "giving in to terrorism".{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-39363452|title=Scottish independence referendum debate to resume next Tuesday|work=BBC News|access-date=23 March 2017|date=23 March 2017}}

On 23 March, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Muslim and Sikh faith leaders met officers at Scotland Yard to discuss responses to the attack. Muslim groups, including the Muslim Council of Britain, Ahmadi Muslims UK,{{cite news | url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/15184007.Ahmadiyya_Muslims_condemn__barbaric_acts__of_terrorism/ | title=Ahmadiyya Muslims condemn 'barbaric acts' of terrorism at annual Peace Symposium at Baitul Futuh Mosque in Morden | date=27 March 2017 | access-date=27 March 2017}} and individual mosques across the country condemned the attack.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/23/uk-muslim-leaders-condemn-cowardly-london-attack|title=UK Muslim leaders condemn 'cowardly' London attack|last1=Sherwood|first1=Harriet|last2=Pidd|first2=Helen|date=23 March 2017|work=The Guardian|access-date=25 March 2017}} That evening, there was a public candlelit vigil in Trafalgar Square to honour victims of the attack. It was led by the Mayor of London Sadiq Khan, the Home Secretary Amber Rudd and the Acting Metropolitan Commissioner Craig Mackey and attended by leaders of different faiths.{{cite news|last1=Walker|first1=Peter|title=Westminster vigil: we will never be cowed by terrorism, says mayor|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/23/westminster-vigil-we-will-never-be-cowed-by-terrorism-says-mayor|access-date=24 March 2017|work=The Guardian|date=23 March 2017}}{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/22/watch-live-westminster-lockdown-shots-fired-outside-parliament/|title=Trafalgar Square vigil in honour of London terror attack victims |access-date=27 March 2017|work=The Daily Telegraph}}

File:Candlelit vigil in Trafalgar Square March 23rd.jpg

The Metropolitan Police honoured PC Palmer by retiring his shoulder number 4157U; Charlton Athletic F.C. announced that his season ticket seat at the Valley would not be occupied at the club's next home game, but would instead have a club scarf placed over it as a mark of respect.{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11684/10811394/charlton-athletic-plan-tribute-to-keith-palmer-policeman-killed-in-london-terror-attack|title=Charlton Athletic plan tribute to Keith Palmer, policeman killed in London terror attack|publisher=Sky Sports|access-date=23 March 2017}} A JustGiving fund was set up, with the target of raising £100,000 for his family, a goal attained in less than 24 hours. A group called "Muslims United for London" also raised over £29,000 to support victims and victims' families, releasing a statement saying, "The British Muslim community stands with the community during these difficult times".{{cite web|last1=Ahmed|first1=Muddassar|title=Muslims United for London|url=https://www.launchgood.com/project/muslims_united_for_london#/|publisher=LaunchGood|access-date=24 March 2017|date=23 March 2017}}{{cite news|last1=Cockburn|first1=Harry|title=Muslim community raises £3,000 in just one hour in support of Westminster terror attack victims|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/london-terror-attack-victims-pc-keith-palmer-aysha-frade-uk-muslim-community-donations-a7645396.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/london-terror-attack-victims-pc-keith-palmer-aysha-frade-uk-muslim-community-donations-a7645396.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work=The Independent|access-date=24 March 2017|date=23 March 2017}}{{cbignore}}{{cite news|last1=Horton|first1=Helena|title=Muslim group raises £3,000 in an hour in support of Westminster attack victims|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/23/muslim-group-raises-3000-hour-support-westminster-attack-victims/|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=24 March 2017|date=23 March 2017}} Home Secretary Amber Rudd announced that PC Palmer would be remembered at the National Memorial Arboretum's UK Police Memorial in Staffordshire.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-birmingham-39392443|title=London attack: PC Keith Palmer to be honoured on memorial|date=25 March 2017|work=BBC News |access-date=26 March 2017}}

On 24 March, Prince Charles visited victims of the attack at King's College Hospital;{{cite news|last1=Boyle|first1=Danny|title=Prince Charles visits Westminster attack victims in hospital and praises 'marvellous efforts' of medics|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/24/prince-charles-praises-marvellous-efforts-medics-treated-westminster/|newspaper=The Telegraph|access-date=24 March 2017|date=24 March 2017}} Tobias Ellwood was appointed to the Privy Council for his role in rendering aid to PC Palmer, as was security minister Ben Wallace MP, who helped co-ordinate the government response.{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/westminster-attack-tobias-ellwood-privy-council-ben-wallace-a7649191.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/westminster-attack-tobias-ellwood-privy-council-ben-wallace-a7649191.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=MPs Tobias Ellwood and Ben Wallace appointed to Privy Council in honour of Westminster response|last=Agerholm|first=Harriet|date=24 March 2017|work=The Independent|access-date=25 March 2017}}{{cbignore}}

On 26 March, in an event organised by Women's March on London, roughly 100 women, including many Muslims, joined hands to form a chain along Westminster Bridge and stood in silence for five minutes to pay tribute to the victims of the attack.{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39404606?ocid=socialflow_twitter&ns_mchannel=social&ns_campaign=bbcnews&ns_source=twitter | title=London attack: Women hold hands to honour bridge victims | publisher=BBC | date=27 March 2017 | access-date=27 March 2017}}{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/muslim-women-stand-solidarity-london-terror-attack-victims-westminster-bridge-khalid-masood-a7651361.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/muslim-women-stand-solidarity-london-terror-attack-victims-westminster-bridge-khalid-masood-a7651361.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | title=Muslim women stand 'in solidarity' with London terror attack victims on Westminster Bridge | work=The Independent | date=26 March 2017 | access-date=27 March 2017}}{{cbignore}}{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/26/women-westminster-bridge-london-womens-march-solidarity-attack-victims | title=Women link hands on Westminster Bridge to remember victims | work=The Guardian | date=26 March 2017 | access-date=27 March 2017}} Amber Rudd appeared on BBC's The Andrew Marr Show to call for government backdoor access to encrypted messaging services like WhatsApp, which Masood used to send a message shortly before the attack. She announced a meeting with similar technology industry leaders for 30 March, where she would persuade them to voluntarily co-operate with the government. She refused to rule out passing new legislation to this end if the companies do not comply.{{citation|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/mar/26/intelligence-services-access-whatsapp-amber-rudd-westminster-attack-encrypted-messaging|title=WhatsApp must be accessible to authorities, says Amber Rudd|author=Andrew Sparrow|date=26 March 2017|access-date=29 March 2017}}

Prince William laid a wreath at the Arboretum in honour of PC Palmer on 29 March.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-stoke-staffordshire-39428367 |title=Prince William lays wreath for London attack officer |work=BBC News |date=29 March 2017 |access-date=29 March 2017}} In the 2017 Queen's Birthday Honours, Palmer was posthumously awarded the George Medal.{{cite web|title=Queen honours Westminster attack PC Keith Palmer for bravery|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-40291724|website=BBC News|access-date=17 June 2017|date=16 June 2017}}{{London Gazette |issue=61969 |supp=8 |date=16 June 2017 |page=11774}}

File:Westminster Bridge, 22 March 2017 terrorist attack memorial.jpg

As part of the 2019 New Year Honours, six other constables, Andy Dunmore, John Kenealy, Stephen Marsh, Mary Mayes, Richard Moore, and Jerry Pearce, received the British Empire Medal following the attack, and PC Nick Carlisle was awarded the Queen's Police Medal for Distinguished Service. Acting Detective Sergeant Zac Idun, nurse Joy Ongcachuy, Peter Boorman of NHS England, and Claire Summers were all made OBEs for services in investigating the attacks and assisting the victims and their families.{{cite news |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-46704805 |title=New Year Honours 2019: Terror attack police and medics honoured |date=29 December 2018 |access-date=4 February 2021}}

On 22 March 2022, the five year anniversary of the attack, a memorial service was held,{{Cite web |title=Service of remembrance for PC Keith Palmer and victims of Westminster Bridge terror attack |url=https://news.met.police.uk/news/service-of-remembrance-for-pc-keith-palmer-and-victims-of-westminster-bridge-terror-attack-444644 |access-date=22 March 2022 |website=Mynewsdesk |language=en |archive-date=27 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220327020822/https://news.met.police.uk/news/service-of-remembrance-for-pc-keith-palmer-and-victims-of-westminster-bridge-terror-attack-444644 |url-status=dead }} and a memorial plaque installed on Westminster Bridge.{{Cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=Westminster Bridge: plaque installed to honour terror victims |url=https://www.london-se1.co.uk/news/view/10631 |website=London SE1}}

In addition to the expressions of shock, support, solidarity and sympathy offered by many national governments and heads of state,{{efn|These included the governments and heads of state of: Algeria,{{Cite news|url=http://en.aps.dz/algeria/17415-algeria-condemns-terrorist-attack-in-london|title=Algeria condemns terrorist attack in London|date=23 March 2017|work=Algeria Press Service|access-date=23 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324085336/http://en.aps.dz/algeria/17415-algeria-condemns-terrorist-attack-in-london|archive-date=24 March 2017}} Argentina,{{cite web|url=https://mrecic.gov.ar/la-argentina-condena-el-atentado-en-londres-reino-unido-de-gran-bretana-e-irlanda-del-norte|title=La Argentina condena el atentado en Londres, Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship|language=es|access-date=22 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323143451/https://mrecic.gov.ar/la-argentina-condena-el-atentado-en-londres-reino-unido-de-gran-bretana-e-irlanda-del-norte|archive-date=23 March 2017|url-status=dead}} Armenia,{{cite web|url=http://www.president.am/en/condolence/item/2017/03/23/President-Serzh-Sargsyan-sent-condolence-letter-to-Teresa-May/ |title=President Serzh Sargsyan sent a letter of condolences to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Theresa May – Telegrams of Condolence |publisher=The President of the Republic of Armenia |date=23 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}} Australia,{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-23/london-attack-pm-turnbull-condemns-attack-on-democracy/8379220|title=London attack: Prime Minister Turnbull condemns assault on 'freedom and democracy everywhere'|last=Conifer|first=Dan|date=23 March 2017|work=ABC News |location=Australia|access-date=23 March 2017}} Canada,{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/london-parliament-attack-1.4035964|title=British PM condemns 'sick and depraved terrorist attack' that left 5 dead in London|publisher=CBC News|access-date=22 March 2017}} China,{{cite news|title=The Latest: S. Korea Working To Bring UK Attack Victims Home |url=http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/E/EU_BRITAIN_PARLIAMENT_INCIDENT_THE_LATEST_ASOL-?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323064620/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/E/EU_BRITAIN_PARLIAMENT_INCIDENT_THE_LATEST_ASOL-?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 March 2017 |agency=Associated Press |date=23 March 2017 }} Colombia,{{Cite tweet|user=JuanManSantos|number=844635538464395264|date=22 March 2017 |title="Expreso total rechazo al ataque de hoy en #Londres. Nuestra solidaridad con la primera ministra @theresa_may y las víctimas en Reino Unido |language=Spanish}} Czech Republic,{{Cite news|url=http://praguemonitor.com/2017/03/23/czech-pm-after-london-attack-terrorists-will-not-deter-europe|title=PM after London attack: Terrorists will not deter Europe|work=Prague Daily Monitor|access-date=25 March 2017|archive-date=25 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325203632/http://praguemonitor.com/2017/03/23/czech-pm-after-london-attack-terrorists-will-not-deter-europe|url-status=dead}} Denmark,{{Cite news|url=https://www.altinget.dk/artikel/loekke-om-london-angreb-det-ligner-endnu-et-angreb-paa-vestlige-demokratier|title=Løkke om London-angreb: Det ligner endnu et angreb på vestlige demokratier|work=Altinget.dk|access-date=23 March 2017|language=da-DK}} East Timor,{{cite web|url=http://timor-leste.gov.tl/?p=17596&lang=en|title=Timor-Leste expresses condolences and solidarity in the wake of London attack|publisher=Government of Timor-Leste|date=24 March 2017|access-date=24 March 2017}} Egypt,{{cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2017/03/23/egypt-condemns-london-terrorist-attack-calls-for-international-efforts-to-combat-extremism/|title=Egypt Condemns London Terrorist Attack, Calls for International Efforts to Combat Extremism|date=23 March 2017}} Finland,[http://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/thursdays_papers_london_attack_koivistos_health_terrafame_dispute_and_a_spring_warbler/9525692 Thursday's papers: London attack, Koivisto's health, Terrafame dispute and a spring warbler]. Yle News. 23 March 2017 France, Germany,{{Cite news|work=Reuters|access-date=23 March 2017|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-security-germany-idUKKBN16T2NJ?il=0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323234712/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-security-germany-idUKKBN16T2NJ?il=0|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2017|title=Germany's Merkel expresses shock at London attack|date=23 March 2017}} Hungary,{{cite web|title=Hungarian Government offers condolences to families of victims|url=http://www.kormany.hu/en/ministry-of-foreign-affairs-and-trade/news/hungarian-government-offers-condolences-to-families-of-victims|website=Website of the Hungarian Government|access-date=25 March 2017}} India,{{cite web|last1=Quint|first1=The|title=London Attack Live: Police Raid Birmingham, Several Arrested|url=https://www.thequint.com/world/2017/03/22/uk-parliament-london-attack-shots-fired-outside-dozens-injured-house-of-commons-suspended|publisher=thequint.com|access-date=23 March 2017|date=22 March 2017}} Indonesia,{{cite web|url=http://jakartaglobe.id/news/no-indonesian-casualties-london-terrorist-attack/|title=No Indonesian Casualties in London Terrorist Attack|work=Jakarta Globe|date=23 March 2017|access-date=23 March 2017}} Iran,{{cite news|title=ایران حمله تروریستی لندن را محکوم کرد|trans-title=Iran condemned the London terrorist attack|url=http://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A7-%D9%85%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%85-%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF/a-38084142|access-date=23 March 2017|publisher=Deutsche Welle|agency=ISNA|language=fa}} Ireland,{{Cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/president-higgins-expresses-sympathy-of-the-irish-people-1.3020622|title=President Higgins expresses 'sympathy of the Irish people'|last=Hilliard|first=Mark|date=22 March 2017|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=25 March 2017}} Israel,{{Cite news|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Politics-And-Diplomacy/Israel-stands-with-UK-against-terrorism-484922|title=Israel stands with UK against terrorism|last=Shaham|first=Udi|date=22 March 2017|work=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=22 March 2017}} Italy,[http://ilglobo.com.au/news/33705/italian-government-responds-to-westminster-attack Italian government responds to Westminster attack] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323234233/http://ilglobo.com.au/news/33705/italian-government-responds-to-westminster-attack/ |date=23 March 2017 }} Il Globo, 22 March 2017. Japan,{{cite web|title=英国でのテロについての会見|date=23 March 2017|access-date=24 March 2017|url=http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/97_abe/actions/201703/23kaiken.html|publisher=首相官邸 (Prime Minister's Official Residence)|language=ja}}{{cite news|url=https://news.nifty.com/article/domestic/government/12198-86831/ |title=安倍首相「テロ許せない」、英メイ首相を強く支持 |date=23 March 2017 |work=@niftyニュース |language=ja |publisher=Nifty Corporation |access-date=23 March 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325024223/https://news.nifty.com/article/domestic/government/12198-86831/ |archive-date=25 March 2017 }} Jordan, Laos,{{cite web|url=http://www.mofa.gov.la/index.php/activities/messages/1693-message-of-condolence-to-the-united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-northern-ireland|title=Condolence Message to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Laos|date=24 March 2017|access-date=24 March 2017}} Malaysia,{{cite news|url=http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2017/03/23/najib-shocked-saddened-by-britains-parliament-attack/|title=Najib shocked, saddened by Britain's parliament attack|agency=Bernama|work=The Star|date=23 March 2017|access-date=23 March 2017}} the Netherlands,{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraaf.nl/binnenland/27858452/__Rutte__beelden_afschuwelijk__.html|title=Rutte noemt beelden uit Londen afschuwelijk|trans-title=Rutte calls images from London horrible|work=De Telegraaf|date=22 March 2017|publisher=TMG Landelijke Media B.V.|location=Amsterdam|language=nl|access-date=22 March 2017}} New Zealand, Pakistan,{{cite news|title=Pakistan High Commissioner to UK condemns London terrorist attack|url=https://www.app.com.pk/pakistan-high-commissioner-to-uk-condemns-london-terrorist-attack/}} Philippines,{{cite web|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/news/03/24/17/ph-condemns-london-attack|title=PH condemns London attack|publisher=ABS-CBN News|date=24 March 2017|access-date=24 March 2017}} Poland,{{cite news|last1=Henderson|first1=Barney|title=Donald Trump offers Theresa May full US cooperation and support: world reaction to Westminster terror attack|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/22/world-reacts-shock-solidarity-westminster-terror-attack/|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=23 March 2017}} Romania,{{cite news|title=Convorbirea telefonică între Președintele României, domnul Klaus Iohannis, și Prim-ministrul Regatului Unit al Marii Britanii şi Irlandei de Nord, doamna Theresa May

|url=http://www.presidency.ro/ro/presedinte/agenda-presedintelui/convorbirea-telefonica-intre-presedintele-romaniei-domnul-klaus-iohannis-si-prim-ministrul-regatului-unit-al-marii-britanii-si-irlandei-de-nord-doamna-theresa-may|access-date=23 March 2017|publisher=President of Romania|language=ro}} Russia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,{{cite web|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/london-attacks-president-tony-tan-and-prime-minister-lee-hsien-loong-convey-their|title=London attacks: President Tony Tan and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong convey their condolences to the UK|author=Lester Wong|work=The Straits Times|date=23 March 2017|access-date=23 March 2017}} South Korea,{{cite news|title=S. Korea condemns London attack, vows to fight terrorism|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2017/03/23/0301000000AEN20170323007400315.html|agency=Yonhap|publisher=Yonhap|date=23 March 2017}} Spain, Sweden,{{cite news|title=Löfven efter London: "Människor ska känna sig säkra"|url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/samhalle/a/ep4MQ/lofven-efter-london-manniskor-ska-kanna-sig-sakra|access-date=23 March 2017|work=Aftonbladet|language=sv}} Thailand,{{cite web|url=https://www.nationthailand.com/news/breakingnews/30310142|title=Thai premier expresses deep sorrow on London attack|work=The Nation|date=24 March 2017|access-date=24 March 2017|archive-date=24 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324111252/http://www.nationmultimedia.com/news/breakingnews/30310142|url-status=live}} Tunisia,[http://www.businessnews.com.tn/la-presidence-de-la-republique-presente-ses-condoleances-a-la-reine-de-game-of-thrones,520,71084,3 La présidence de la République présente ses condoléances à la reine de Game Of Thrones], Business.com.tn, 23 March 2017. Turkey,{{cite news|title=Russia and Turkey offer condolences |url=http://www.wandtv.com/story/34978714/the-latest-turkish-president-condemns-london-attack |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323235017/http://www.wandtv.com/story/34978714/the-latest-turkish-president-condemns-london-attack |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 March 2017 |access-date=23 March 2017 |work=WAND17 |date=23 March 2017 |ref=Russia and Turkey statements }} Ukraine,{{cite news|title=President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko has condemned the terrorist attack at the Palace of Westminster and Westminster Bridge in London|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-accidents_and_emergencies/2198299-poroshenko-condemns-terrorist-attack-in-london.html|access-date=23 March 2017|agency=Ukrinform|date=23 March 2017|ref=Ukrinform}} the United States and Vietnam.{{cite web|url=http://english.m.vov.vn/politics/vietnam-condemns-terror-attacks-in-uk-346171.vov|title=Vietnam condemns terror attacks in UK|publisher=Voice of Vietnam|date=23 March 2017|access-date=23 March 2017|archive-date=23 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323165612/http://english.m.vov.vn/politics/vietnam-condemns-terror-attacks-in-uk-346171.vov|url-status=dead}}}} the United Nations Security Council observed a minute of silence at its morning meeting on 23 March.{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2017/sc12759.doc.htm|title=Security Council Grants Mandate Extension for Democratic People's Republic of Korea Expert Panel, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 2345 (2017) – Meetings Coverage and Press Releases}}{{cite news|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/video-news/video-boris-johnson-leads-the-un-security-council-in-a-minute-of-silence-35559291.html|title=Video: Boris Johnson leads the UN Security Council in a minute of silence|newspaper=The Belfast Telegraph|access-date=24 March 2017}} The attack was denounced by the European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation.{{cite news|title=The Latest: Jordan condemns IS and London attack|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/the-latest-turkish-president-condemns-london-attack/2017/03/23/832cff5e-0f9a-11e7-aa57-2ca1b05c41b8_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323091719/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/the-latest-turkish-president-condemns-london-attack/2017/03/23/832cff5e-0f9a-11e7-aa57-2ca1b05c41b8_story.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 March 2017}}

On the evening of the attack, the Brandenburg Gate in Germany and Tel Aviv City Hall in Israel were illuminated with the Union Jack.{{cite news|last1=Alexander|first1=Harriet|last2=Horton|first2=Helena|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/22/landmarks-around-world-lit-union-flag-solidarity-london/|title=Brandenburg gate and other landmarks around the world lit up with Union Flag in solidarity with London|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=23 March 2017|date=22 March 2017}} At midnight that evening, the Eiffel Tower's lights were switched off to honour those killed in the London attack.{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/london-westminster-attack-eiffel-tower-paris-falls-fark-solidarity-tribute-terror-victims-a7644926.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/london-westminster-attack-eiffel-tower-paris-falls-fark-solidarity-tribute-terror-victims-a7644926.html |archive-date=1 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Eiffel Tower goes dark in solidarity with London terror victims|work=The Independent|access-date=23 March 2017}}{{cbignore}} On 23 March, Jean-Marc Ayrault, France's Minister of Foreign Affairs, came to London, where he first visited the hospital where three French high school students injured in the attack were being treated and later attended the morning session in the House of Commons.{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/23/parents-in-france-waited-in-agony-after-news-of-westminster-attack|work=The Guardian|access-date=24 March 2017|title=Parents in France waited in agony after news of Westminster attack}}{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/mar/23/theresa-may-our-values-will-prevail-westminster-attack|access-date=24 March 2017|work=The Guardian|title=Our values will prevail, defiant Theresa May tells MPs as parliament resumes}}

The BBC TV documentary series Hospital was filming a routine meeting at St Mary's when the attack occurred; within minutes St Mary's declared a "major incident", one of several central London hospitals to do so. The cameras recorded the involvement of the emergency department and intensive care staff over the next few hours, and then followed the cases of three patients until their discharge. This episode was broadcast in June 2017.{{cite news |last1=Wollaston |first1=Sam |title=Hospital review – extraordinary TV as a story of NHS strain gives way to terror in Westminster |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2017/jun/21/hospital-review-westminster-attack-terrorist-incident |work=The Guardian |date=21 June 2017 |language=en}}

{{Portal|Law|London}}

• Downing Street mortar attack
• 1974 Houses of Parliament bombing
• List of British police officers killed in the line of duty
• List of terrorist incidents in Great Britain
• List of terrorist incidents in London
• List of vehicle-ramming attacks
• List of attacks on legislatures
• Stabbing as a terrorist tactic

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