2022–2023 Brazilian election protests

{{see also|Presidency of Jair Bolsonaro|Operation Car Wash}}

The protests were motivated by the false belief that the 2022 Brazilian general election suffered from widespread electoral fraud causing Jair Bolsonaro's loss. During his presidency, Bolsonaro fueled distrust in the electoral system of Brazil. This was further fueled by Bolsonaro supporters alleging fraud of the electronic voting machines malfunctioning and of voting patterns they deemed suspicious, and who mistrust election officials; the military helped oversee the election and found no signs of fraud. Another reason for the protests was dislike for Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who had defeated Bolsonaro in the elections after his controversial convictions in Operation Car Wash had been annulled. Additionally, Bolsonaro did not recognize or accept his loss and pave the way for a peaceful transfer of power.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/02/world/americas/bolsonaro-election-protests.html|title=Refusing to Accept Defeat, Bolsonaro Backers Call on Military to Intervene|date=2022-11-02|access-date=2022-11-15|website=The New York Times}} Social media was used by supporters of Bolsonaro to spread misinformation about electoral fraud, motivating the protesters.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-12/brazil-s-loudest-election-deniers-are-kicked-off-social-media|title=Brazil's Loudest Election Deniers Are Kicked Off Social Media|author1=Andrew Rosati|author2=Guilherme Bento|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221112165824/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-11-12/brazil-s-loudest-election-deniers-are-kicked-off-social-media|archive-date=12 November 2022|date=2022-11-12|access-date=2022-11-15|url-access=subscription|website=Bloomberg Times}}

A video published on 16 October was one of several attempts by Marcos Koury, a member of the military reserve, to incite a general strike of truckers before the second round of elections. The idea was that drivers should paralyze Brazil to show support for Bolsonaro, who would have time to publish a provisional measure that would institute printed voting. Koury's video about the shutdowns was shared in several Bolsonaro groups on Telegram, and days later members of these same groups started advocating roadblocks after the elections. Calls for the shutdown were also made on TikTok and YouTube.{{Cite web|url=https://www.aosfatos.org/noticias/bolsonaro-telegram-youtube-bloqueio-estradas/|title=Influenciadores já articulavam bloqueios de estradas no Telegram e no YouTube antes do 2º turno|author1=Bruno Fonseca|author2=Tai Nalon|date=2022-11-01|access-date=2022-11-16|website=Aos Fatos|language=pt-BR}}

File:Caminhões paralisados na BR-116, 2022-11-01 03.jpg), Taubaté, São Paulo.]]

Supporters of President Jair Bolsonaro, including truck drivers, started blockades across the country on the night of 30 October, when the election results were announced. Until the night of 31 October, the PRF (Federal Highway Police) had registered 321 points of blockages or agglomerations on roads in 25 states and the Federal District.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Bolsonarists Cause over 300 Roadblocks in 25 States and in The Federal District |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/brazil/2022/11/bolsonarists-cause-over-300-roadblocks-in-25-states-and-in-the-federal-district.shtml |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=en-US}} The state with the highest number of blocks was Santa Catarina.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=Reduto bolsonarista, Santa Catarina concentra bloqueios golpistas |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2022/11/reduto-bolsonarista-santa-catarina-concentra-bloqueios-golpistas.shtml |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}}

The Federal Highway Police announced on 9 November that all federal highways had been cleared of roadblocks and interdictions with a total of 1,087 demonstrations being broken up.{{Cite web |last=Clara Batista |first=Maria |date=2022-11-09 |title=PRF afirma que não há mais bloqueios e interdições em rodovias federais |url=https://extra.globo.com/noticias/prf-afirma-que-nao-ha-mais-bloqueios-interdicoes-em-rodovias-federais-25606239.html |access-date=2022-11-12 |work=Extra |language=pt-BR}} Truckers again started blockading roads on 18 November.{{Cite web |last=Downie |first=Andrew |date=2022-11-18 |title=Pro-Bolsonaro truck drivers threaten new road blockades in Brazil |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/18/brazil-bolsonaro-truck-drivers-threaten-road-blockades |access-date=2022-11-19 |work=The Guardian}} The Federal Highway Police later stated that the new blockades were different from the previous ones, noting that protesters adopted violent methods which occurred mostly at night.{{Cite web |last=Jeantet |first=Diane |date=2022-11-25 |title=Brazilian protests intensify; Bolsonaro stays silent |url=https://apnews.com/article/jair-bolsonaro-caribbean-rio-de-janeiro-e4328ee88323100cdaa1e4e461006cce |access-date=2022-11-26 |work=Associated Press}}

On the night of October 31, at 8:00 p.m., around 50 Bolsonaro supporters closed the two runways of the Hélio Smidt Highway, which provides access to Guarulhos International Airport, which caused delays and flight cancellations.{{Cite web |date=2022-10-31 |title=Bolsonaristas bloqueiam acesso ao Aeroporto de Guarulhos. Voos atrasam {{!}} Metrópoles |url=https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/eleicoes-2022/bolsonaristas-bloqueiam-acesso-ao-aeroporto-de-guarulhos-voos-atrasam |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=www.metropoles.com |language=pt-BR}} In the early hours of November 1, protesters invaded the runway, a video captured a man wearing a Federal Highway Police uniform cutting the fence to allow Bolsonaro supporters to enter.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Vídeo flagra agente da PRF ajudando invasão bolsonarista ao Aeroporto de Guarulhos |url=https://sampi.net.br/ovale/noticias/2665884/geral/2022/11/video-flagra-agente-da-prf-ajudando-invasao-bolsonarista-ao-aeroporto-de-guarulhos |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=sampi |language=pt-br}} The following day, PRF agents cleared the highway. In all, 25 flights were canceled.{{Cite web |last=Reis |first=Daniel |title=PRF dispersa bloqueio em rodovia de acesso ao aeroporto de Guarulhos |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/prf-dispersa-bloqueio-em-rodovia-de-acesso-a-aeroporto-de-guarulhos/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=CNN Brasil |language=pt-BR}} An internal investigation by the PRF confirmed that some agents of the corporation were in fact helping the protesters.{{Cite web |title=PRF diz ter identificado casos de policiais suspeitos de ajudar em atos |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/01/prf-diz-ter-identificado-casos-de-policiais-supostamente-ajudando-golpistas.htm |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}}

On 1 November, members of the {{ill|Gaviões da Fiel|pt|Gaviões da Fiel}}, organized fans of Corinthians dispersed protesters that were interdicting the Marginal Tietê, the main highway in São Paulo, and unfurled a banner saying "We are for democracy". The following day, more fans mobilized against the blockade on the Presidente Dutra Highway (BR-116), which connects São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro, dispersing the demonstrators and removing signs and flags that called for federal intervention.{{cite web|access-date=8 January 2023|author=Giovanna Fraguito, Valmir Moratelli|date=2 November 2022|editor=Revista Veja|title=Torcidas organizadas se mobilizam contra bloqueios bolsonaristas|url=https://veja.abril.com.br/coluna/veja-gente/torcidas-organizadas-se-mobilizam-contra-bloqueios-bolsonaristas/}}

Members of {{ill|Galoucura|pt|Galoucura}}, organized association football fans of Atlético Mineiro, also broke through roadblocks on 1 November, when fans put out tires and cleared traffic on Rodovia Fernão Dias (BR-381), which connects Belo Horizonte to São Paulo.

Two days later, on November 3, Império Alviverde, organized team fans from the Coritiba Foot Ball Club, broke through blockades in the cities of Mafra and Papanduva, on the way back from Caxias do Sul to Curitiba, after departure. The Federal Highway Police had to intervene in the conflicts.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-03 |title=Torcida do Coritiba fura bloqueios em volta de jogo contra o Juventude em Caxias do Sul |url=https://ge.globo.com/pr/futebol/times/coritiba/noticia/2022/11/03/torcida-do-coritiba-fura-bloqueios-em-volta-de-jogo-contra-o-juventude-em-caxias-do-sul.ghtml |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=ge |language=pt-br}}

On 1 November, protesters threatened to burn alive students from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) on the grounds that they were supposedly supporters of president-elect Lula.{{Cite web |title=Manifestantes pró-Bolsonaro bloqueiam ônibus e ameaçam estudantes da UFRJ na Via Dutra |url=https://www.estadao.com.br/politica/manifestantes-pro-bolsonaro-bloqueiam-onibus-e-ameacam-estudantes-da-ufrj-na-via-dutra/ |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Estadão |language=pt-br}}

Novo Progresso was the most pro-Bolsonaro municipality in Pará in 2022, with Jair Bolsonaro winning 79.60% of the votes in the first round of the elections.{{Cite web |date=2022-10-03 |title=Novo Progresso é o município mais 'bolsonarista' no Pará; Bolsonaro teve 79,6% dos votos |url=https://www.oliberal.com/politica/ovo-progresso-e-o-municipio-mais-bolsonarista-no-para-bolsonaro-teve-79-60-dos-votos-1.595132 |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=O Liberal |language=pt-BR}} The municipality was also known for its high deforestation rates.{{Cite web |title=Novo Progresso, o inferno de Bolsonaro |url=https://amazoniareal.com.br/especiais/o-inferno-de-bolsonaro/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Amazônia Real |language=pt-BR}} In 2011, part of the population entered into conflict with the Ibama to defend Ezequiel Antônio Castanha, the greatest deforester of the Amazon rainforest of all time.{{Cite web |last=Piran |first=Adécio |date=2017-07-11 |title=O REI DO MATO – BRIO STORIES |url=https://www.folhadoprogresso.com.br/o-rei-do-mato-brio-stories/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Folha do Progresso - Portal de Noticias , Entretenimento, Videos, Brasil! |language=pt-BR}} On November 1, the Federal Public Ministry (MPF) had already requested that the PF investigate and arrest the organizers and participants of the protests in the state.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=MPF requisita à PF a prisão em flagrante de responsáveis por crimes em bloqueios de rodovias no Pará {{!}} Pará |url=https://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2022/11/01/mpf-requisita-a-pf-a-prisao-em-flagrante-de-responsaveis-por-crimes-em-bloqueios-de-rodovias-no-para.ghtml |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}

Protests began in the city on October 30, the day that Jair Bolsonaro's defeat at the polls was announced.{{Cite web |last=Piran |first=Adécio |date=2022-11-19 |title=Rodovia BR-163 é interditada em Novo Progresso e Moraes Almeida no PA |url=https://www.folhadoprogresso.com.br/rodovia-br-163-e-interditada-em-novo-progresso-e-moraes-almeida-no-pa/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Folha do Progresso - Portal de Noticias , Entretenimento, Videos, Brasil! |language=pt-BR}} On November 2, Ruan Carlos Rodrigues Porto, deputy commander of the Military Police (PM) in the city, was fired for refusing to comply with the unblocking order.{{Cite web |title=PM do Pará afasta policial que se negou a cumprir ordem de desbloqueio [02/11/2022] |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/02/pm-para-policial-afastado.htm |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}} 2 days later, on November 4, protesters cut down several trees to block km 332 of the BR-163, including a chestnut tree at risk of extinction that was over a hundred years old and 30 meters tall. The highway was cleared by the PRF the following day, and the MPF asked police officers and the Ibama to investigate the case.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-06 |title=Árvore em extinção é derrubada em ato antidemocrático na BR-163; MPF pede informações à PRF e Ibama |url=https://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2022/11/06/mpf-pede-informacoes-ao-ibama-e-a-prf-apos-arvore-centenaria-ser-derrubada-em-ato-antidemocratico-na-br-163-no-para.ghtml |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}} During the standoff, police used pepper spray to disperse the population, the blockade had affected fuel supplies and the city council had cancelled classes and rubbish collection.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-07 |title=Pará volta a ter interdição na BR-163 na mesma cidade onde árvore em risco de extinção foi derrubada {{!}} Pará |url=https://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2022/11/07/para-ainda-tem-bloqueios-parciais-em-rodovias-federais-diz-prf.ghtml |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=G1 |language=pt-br}}

On 7 November, Federal Highway Police officers attempted to negotiate a peaceful demobilization of the protest, but were attacked by protesters.{{Cite web |title=Bolsonaristas atacam PRF em Novo Progresso, no Pará; veja vídeo |url=https://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2022/11/07/prf-atacada-novo-progresso-no-para.ghtml |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=G1 |date=7 November 2022 |language=pt-br}} The protesters threw stones and shot at four vehicles while shouting profanities, a child was poisoned by gas thrown by the police to contain the protesters and had to be hospitalized, one police officer was also injured during the standoff.{{Cite web |title=Manifestantes atiram em equipe da PRF em bloqueio de rodovia no PA; veja |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/07/tiros-viaturas-prf-para.htm |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}} The Shock Troops of the police were later called to participate in the unblocking.{{Cite web |last=Piran |first=Adécio |date=2022-11-07 |title=Tropa de choque da PRF tenta dispersar manifestantes para liberar rodovia em Novo Progresso;OUVE CONFRONTO! |url=https://www.folhadoprogresso.com.br/tropa-de-choque-da-prf-dispersa-manifestantes-para-tentar-liberar-rodovia-em-novo-progresso/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Folha do Progresso - Portal de Noticias , Entretenimento, Videos, Brasil! |language=pt-BR}}

On the 19th, the highway was completely blocked again. And on the 24th, the Federal Polce carried out operation 163LIVRE, which was responsible for 10 temporary arrest warrants and another 11 search and seizure warrants for those involved in the protests for the crimes of illegal coercion, qualified damage, attacks on freedom of work, disobedience and contempt.{{Cite web |title=Suspeitos de bloquear rodovias e atirar contra PRFs são presos no Pará [24/11/2022] |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/24/prisao-suspeitos-ataques-policiais-rodovias-para.htm |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}} Six people were temporarily arrested and four became fugitives, one of the fugitives, Claudia Kummer, a 48-year-old teacher and civil servant, was identified as the organizer of the protests, her defense argued that she was innocent and was not in Novo Progresso at the time of her arrest because she was undergoing surgery in Sinop, even though on November 2, she had recorded a video calling for violent protests.{{Cite web |title=Foragida, pedagoga convocou bloqueios golpistas no Pará: 'Indo tacar fogo' |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/12/05/organizacao-bloqueios-estradas-pa-novo-progresso.htm |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}} On the 29th, the arrested were released.{{Cite web |last=Piran |first=Adécio |date=2022-11-29 |title=Manifestantes de Novo Progresso presos pela PF estão em liberdade |url=https://www.folhadoprogresso.com.br/manifestantes-de-novo-progresso-presos-pela-pf-estao-em-liberdade/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Folha do Progresso - Portal de Noticias , Entretenimento, Videos, Brasil! |language=pt-BR}}

Later, on January 8 2023, after the riots in Brasília, protesters yet again closed the BR-163 and set fire to tires, though the protest was later dispersed by Federal Highway and Military Police.{{Cite web |last=Piran |first=Adécio |date=2023-01-09 |title=Após atos em Brasília; Bolsonaristas ateiam fogo em pneus e fecham BR-163 em Novo Progresso |url=https://www.folhadoprogresso.com.br/apos-atos-em-brasilia-bolsonaristas-ateiam-fogo-em-pneus-e-fecham-br-163-em-novo-progresso/ |access-date=2024-11-20 |website=Folha do Progresso - Portal de Noticias , Entretenimento, Videos, Brasil! |language=pt-BR}}

{{See also|Neo-Nazism in Brazil}}

{{External media|video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlQkEAfX_xA Protestors from São Miguel do Oeste make a sig heil-like salute as they sing the national anthem]|width=220px|float=left}}

On 2 November, in the blockade carried out on the SC-163 highway, in São Miguel do Oeste, Santa Catarina, the protesters held a solemn moment to celebrate the Brazilian National Anthem, during which they made gestures similar to the Nazi salute.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=Bolsonaristas fazem saudação semelhante à nazista em SC, e Ministério Público investiga |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/11/bolsonaristas-fazem-saudacao-nazista-em-sc-e-ministerio-publico-inicia-investigacao.shtml |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}} Videos of the event were widely shared, and caused numerous reactions of astonishment and condemnation.{{Cite web |title=Museu do Holocausto caracteriza como "ultraje" saudação semelhante a usada no nazismo feita por bolsonaristas em Santa Catarina |url=https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2022/11/03/museu-do-holocausto-caracteriza-como-ultraje-saudacao-semelhante-a-usada-no-nazismo-feita-por-bolsonaristas-em-santa-catarina.ghtml |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=G1 |date=3 November 2022 |language=pt-br}} The state of Santa Catarina has already registered a large expansion of neo-Nazi groups in recent years.{{Cite web |last=wellingtonramalhoso |title=Aras alerta governador eleito de Santa Catarina sobre grupos neonazistas no Estado |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/aras-alerta-governador-eleito-de-santa-catarina-sobre-grupos-neonazistas-no-estado/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=CNN Brasil |language=pt-BR}} Earlier that year, in an operation carried out in October, members of the neo-Nazi group {{lang|pt|italic=unset|Nova SS de SC}} (New SS of Santa Catarina) were arrested. The group had melee weapons, handcrafts and 3D printers intended for the manufacture of weapons.{{Cite web |date=2022-10-24 |title=Suspeitos de integrarem grupo neonazista são presos em SC |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2022/10/suspeitos-de-integrarem-grupo-neonazista-sao-presos-em-sc.shtml |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}} The current deputy governor of the state, and elected federal deputy, Daniela Reinehr, is the daughter of Altair Reinehr, a notorious propagator of Nazi ideas, which the parliamentarian refuses to publicly condemn.{{Cite web |title=Governadora de Santa Catarina evita condenar o nazismo – DW – 28/10/2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/pt-br/governadora-de-santa-catarina-evita-condenar-o-nazismo/a-55428269 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=dw.com |language=pt}}{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=Manifestação nazista em Santa Catarina mostra o avanço da extrema-direita no País |url=https://istoe.com.br/ate-onde-vai-o-nazismo-no-brasil/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=ISTOÉ Independente |language=pt-br |archive-date=9 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109223408/https://istoe.com.br/ate-onde-vai-o-nazismo-no-brasil/ |url-status=dead }} A letter was later sent to the Federal Police to investigate the threats that Reinehr began to suffer after the act.{{Cite web |title=Senado pede à PF para investigar ameaças contra vereadora de SC que se posicionou contra suposta saudação nazista |url=https://g1.globo.com/sc/santa-catarina/noticia/2022/11/11/senado-pede-a-pf-para-investigar-ameacas-contra-vereadora-de-sc-que-se-posicionou-contra-suposta-saudacao-nazista.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=G1 |date=11 November 2022 |language=pt-br}}

The German Embassy issued a note saying that the gesture was an "attack against Brazilian democracy". The Israeli Embassy also issued a note saying that it was concerned about the action and asked the authorities to take the necessary measures.{{Cite web |title=Uso de gesto nazista em protesto é um 'ataque à democracia', afirma embaixador da Alemanha no Brasil |url=https://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2022/11/uso-de-gesto-nazista-em-protesto-e-um-ataque-a-democracia-afirma-embaixador-da-alemanha-no-brasil.ghtml |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=O Globo |date=3 November 2022 |language=pt-br}} The State Public Ministry and the Prosecutor's Office of Santa Catarina launched an investigation into the case.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=MP investiga bolsonaristas por "saudação nazista" em SC |url=https://www.poder360.com.br/justica/mp-investiga-bolsonaristas-por-saudacao-nazista-em-sc/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Poder360 |language=pt-br}} However, it had already informed, in a preliminary investigation, that it does not see the practice of crime, and claimed that the gesture was only an "{{ill|oath to the flag|pt|Juramento_de_bandeira}}".{{Cite web |title=MP aponta que gesto em ato em SC não teve intenção de apologia ao nazismo |url=https://g1.globo.com/sc/santa-catarina/noticia/2022/11/02/mp-aponta-que-gesto-em-ato-em-sc-nao-teve-intencao-de-apologia-ao-nazismo.ghtml |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=G1 |date=3 November 2022 |language=pt-br}}

The blockades of roads and highways have affected various sectors of society, such as the meat and milk industries, partial paralysis of the meat industry, and the supply of supermarkets and gas stations.{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-63477189 |title='Indústria está parada', diz representante de frigoríficos do Mato Grosso sobre bloqueios nas estradas |access-date=2022-11-01 |journal=BBC News Brasil |language=pt-BR}} Several hospitals were also affected. There was general concern about the supply of oxygen and other supplies. Some hospitals had to cancel surgeries.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-63478430|title=Hospitais recebem alerta de falta de oxigênio por bloqueio de estradas|date=2022-11-01|access-date=2022-11-02|work=BBC News Brasil|author=André Biernath|language=pt-BR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101225627/https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/brasil-63478430|archive-date=2022-11-01}} The Butantan Institute informed that a load of eggs that will be used to produce vaccines against the flu is stuck in a blockade near Jundiaí, 47 km from São Paulo. If the cargo does not arrive at Butantan, which is located in the west zone of São Paulo, the production of 1.5 million doses of the immunizer against H3N2 may be compromised.{{Cite web|url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2022/11/01/butantan-diz-que-carga-com-ovos-para-producao-de-vacinas-esta-parada-por-conta-de-bloqueios-de-bolsonaristas-em-rodovia-de-sp.ghtml|title=Carga com ovos para produção de vacinas do Butantan fica parada por conta de bloqueios de bolsonaristas em rodovia de SP|access-date=2022-11-01|website=G1|date=November 2022 |language=pt-br}}{{Update inline|date=December 2022}}

By 9:30 UTC−3 on 1 November, around 25 flights had been canceled at the São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport due to the blockade of the Helio Smidt highway by Bolsonarists.{{Cite web|url=https://economia.uol.com.br/noticias/redacao/2022/11/01/risco-desabastecimento-bloqueio-das-estradas.amp.htm|title=Bloqueios nas estradas afetam abastecimento em supermercados e postos|access-date=2022-11-01|website=economia.uol.com.br}} The blockades have caused fatal accidents, as in Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso, where a driver died when his car collided with a truck stopped at a roadblock on BR-364.{{cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/01/empresario-acidente-bloqueio-carreta-mt.htm |title=Empresário bate em carreta parada em bloqueio de estrada e morre em MT |author=Bruna Barbosa |date=2022-11-01|work=UOL |access-date=2022-11-01|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221102020139/https://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/01/empresario-acidente-bloqueio-carreta-mt.htm |archive-date=2022-11-02}} In Ipatinga, Minas Gerais, a motorcyclist died and a woman on the back was injured after crashing into a tanker truck on the urban stretch of BR-381. At the time of the collision, the truck was maneuvering to return after being blocked at a roadblock.{{cite web|url=https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/noticia/0101475-acidente-fatal-no-ferroviarios-em-ipatinga |title=Acidente fatal no Ferroviários, em Ipatinga |author=Jornal Diário do Aço |date=2022-11-01|access-date=2022-11-01|archive-url=https://archive.today/20221102020151/https://www.diariodoaco.com.br/noticia/0101475-acidente-fatal-no-ferroviarios-em-ipatinga |archive-date=2022-11-02|language=pt-br}} In Mirassol, São Paulo, a driver ran over protesters on the Washington Luís Highway, leaving 17 injured, including two children.

File:Bolsominions em Ilhéus 17.jpg's barracks in Ilhéus, Bahia.]]

The protests on the roads lost strength on 3 November,{{Cite web |title=Protestos de bolsonaristas perdem força e rodovias no Vale e região estão sem bloqueios nesta quinta |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/vale-do-paraiba-regiao/noticia/2022/11/03/protestos-de-bolsonaristas-perdem-forca-e-rodovias-no-vale-e-regiao-estao-sem-bloqueios.ghtml |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=G1 |date=3 November 2022 |language=pt-br}}{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=Estados com bloqueios golpistas em rodovias caem para 11; acompanhe |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2022/11/bloqueios-refluem-e-agora-atingem-17-estados-acompanhe-a-situacao-nesta-quarta.shtml |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}}{{Cite web |last=Nascimento* |first=Simon |date=2022-11-02 |title=Protestos em frente quartéis pedem intervenção militar em 8 Estados e no DF {{!}} O TEMPO |url=https://www.otempo.com.br/economia/protestos-em-frente-quarteis-pedem-intervencao-militar-em-8-estados-e-no-df-1.2760435 |access-date=2022-11-07 |website=www.otempo.com.br |language=pt-BR}} But supporters of Jair Bolsonaro started concentrating in the vicinity of Brazilian Armed Forces facilities, such as Military barracks and Tiro de Guerra buildings, in acts and vigils against the victory of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva since then. The movement is spread across the country and has no defined national leaders. Demonstrations were recorded at military installations in the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Florianópolis, Recife, Salvador, among other Brazilian cities and regions.{{Cite web |title=Protestos nos quartéis e tiros de guerra ganham caráter de vigília pró-Bolsonaro |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/ultimas-noticias/agencia-estado/2022/11/21/protestos-nos-quarteis-e-tiros-de-guerra-ganham-carater-de-vigilia-pro-bolsonaro.htm |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}}

Protesters camped to call for a military coup to prevent the inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in some cities. Reports sent by the Military, Civil and Federal Police and by Public Ministries in the states and in the Federal District to the Federal Supreme Court (STF) indicate that politicians, police, unionists and ruralists encourage and finance the protests and that most of the demonstrators are elderly, with a small presence of young people and families.

During the Republic Proclamation Day on 15 November, Bolsonaro supporters held protests across the country.{{Cite web |last1=Jeantet |first1=Diane |last2=Rodrigues |first2=Diarlei |date=2022-11-16 |title=In Brazil, Bolsonaro voters protest against his defeat |url=https://apnews.com/article/jair-bolsonaro-caribbean-brazil-4e88b842b421f0e1b2a5462694fba031 |access-date=2022-11-18 |work=Associated Press}} The federal government stated on 11 January that it had prepared for more protests, after messages appeared on pro-Bolsonaro social media channels calling for large protests in Brazilian cities to "retake power".{{Cite web |date=2023-01-11 |title=Brazil government acts against Bolsonaro backers, new protest fizzles |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/lula-government-prepares-more-anti-democratic-protests-brazil-2023-01-11/ |access-date=2023-01-11 |website=Reuters |language=en}} No major protests were however held.{{Cite web |date=2023-01-12 |title=Brazil riots: Despite rising fears, new round of protests flop |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64245072 |access-date=2023-01-12 |author=Bernd Debusman Jr. |website=BBC |language=en}}

{{External media|video1=[https://www.uol.com.br/eleicoes//videos/?id=bolsonaristas-comemoram-mais-uma-vez-falsa-prisao-de-alexandre-de-moraes-04020C9B3962C4897326 Protesters cry after hearing a fake news about the supposed arrest of Alexandre de Moraes]|width=220px|float=right}}

False or old images of battle tanks on the streets were spread.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=Atos golpistas pelo país são inflamados por fake news e Bolsonaro |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/11/atos-golpistas-pelo-pais-sao-inflamados-por-fake-news-e-bolsonaro.shtml |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}} Bolsonaro supporters protesting in front of the Eastern Military Command (RJ) celebrated and cried after hearing that a "federal intervention" was decreed and that TSE's minister Alexandre de Moraes was "arrested for fraud in the electronic voting machines", this was later confirmed as being fake news.{{Cite web |title=Bolsonaristas comemoram notícia falsa sobre prisão de Alexandre de Moraes; veja o vídeo |url=https://www.estadao.com.br/politica/bolsonaristas-comemoram-noticia-falsa-sobre-prisao-de-alexandre-de-moraes-veja-o-video/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Estadão |language=pt-br}}{{Cite web |title=Bolsonaristas caem em fake news sobre prisão de Moraes e choram ao comemorar |url=https://cultura.uol.com.br/noticias/53420_bolsonaristas-caem-em-fake-news-sobre-prisao-de-moraes-e-choram-ao-comemorar.html |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=TV Cultura |language=pt-br}}

The false information that Lady Gaga would actually be the "prime minister" of the International Criminal Court located in The Hague went viral on Twitter. The hoax was accompanied by a montage in which the singer appeared to participate in a videoconference with Jair Bolsonaro and claimed that Stefani Germanotta, which is Gaga's real name, was analyzing cases of electoral fraud in Brazil. The International Criminal Court does not hold that post, and Gaga is not a part of the International Criminal Court.{{Cite web |last=Minas |first=Estado de |date=2022-11-06 |title=Bolsonaristas acham que Lady Gaga é responsável por 'intervenção federal' |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2022/11/06/interna_politica,1417822/bolsonaristas-acham-que-lady-gaga-e-responsavel-por-intervencao-federal.shtml |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=Estado de Minas |language=pt-BR}} False information about the alleged death of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva were also spread online.{{Cite web |last=Minas |first=Estado de |date=2022-11-06 |title=De prisão de Moraes até Lady Gaga: confira as fake news bolsonaristas |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2022/11/06/interna_politica,1417836/de-prisao-de-moraes-ate-lady-gaga-confira-as-fake-news-bolsonaristas.shtml |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=Estado de Minas |language=pt-BR}}

{{see also|2023 Brazilian Congress attack}}

On 12 December, after Lula's electoral victory was officially ratified by Brazilian courts, militant hard-right Bolsonaro supporters stormed the Federal Police headquarters in Brasilia and torched vehicles on the street after one of the protesters was arrested for inciting violence in order to prevent the swearing-in of Lula. The police used stun grenades and tear gas to disperse them.{{cite web |last1=Phillips |first1=Tom |title=Bolsonaro supporters try to storm police HQ in 'January 6-style' rampage |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/13/bolsonaro-supporters-try-to-storm-police-hq-in-january-6-style-rampage |website=The Guardian |access-date=13 December 2022 |date=13 December 2022}}{{cite web |last1=Buschschlüter |first1=Vanessa |title=Brazil protests: Bolsonaro supporters attack police HQ |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-63956778 |website=BBC |access-date=14 December 2022 |date=13 December 2022}}

A bombing attempt near the Brasília International Airport was prevented by the police on 23 December, and the suspect was arrested a day later. According to his testimony, he was motivated by Bolsonaro casting doubts at the integrity of the election process in past.{{cite web |last1=Romani |first1=Andre |last2=Stargardter |first2=Gabriel |title=Brazil protests: Bolsonaro supporters attack police HQ |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/bolsonaros-call-arms-inspired-foiled-brazil-bomb-plot-police-are-told-2022-12-26/ |website=Reuters |access-date=28 December 2022 |date=26 December 2022}} On 29 December the police tried removing protestors from around the Brazilian Army headquarters, but were forced to withdraw after they turned violent.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64138739|title=Lula sworn in as Brazil president as predecessor Bolsonaro flies to US|author1=Katy Watson|author2=Alys Davies|work=BBC|date=1 January 2023|access-date=2 January 2023}}

A man carrying an explosive device (presumably fireworks) and a knife was arrested on 1 January 2023 while trying to enter the esplanade of Brasília, where government officials and Lula supporters were attending his inauguration.{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/lula-inauguration-man-carrying-explosive-device-and-knife-arrested-military-police-say-12777944|title=Lula inauguration: Man carrying explosive device and knife, military police says|work=Sky News|date=1 January 2023|access-date=2 January 2023}}

Bolsonaro supporters stormed the buildings of the National Congress, Palácio da Alvorada and the Supreme Federal Court on 8 January and clashed with the police.{{cite news|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230108-bolsonaro-supporters-storm-into-brazil-congress-clash-with-authorities|title=Bolsonaro supporters storm into Brazil Congress, clash with authorities|author=Henrique Valdares|work=France 24|date=8 January 2023|access-date=8 January 2023}} The rioters smashed some of the property inside the three buildings, publicly urinated and defecated,{{Cite web |last=Picheta |first=Rob |date=2023-01-09 |title=The violent attack on Brazil's government was months in the making. Here's what you need to know |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/09/americas/brazil-congress-attack-explained-intl/index.html |access-date=2023-01-12 |website=CNN |language=en}} while the police used pepper spray and tear gas against them. President Lula was not present at the presidential palace when it was stormed. The federal government estimated the total number of intruders in the three buildings as around 5,000. All three federal buildings were later cleared{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64204860|title=Bolsonaro supporters storm Brazilian Congress|author=George Wright|work=BBC|date=8 January 2023|access-date=8 January 2023}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-08/pro-bolsonaro-rioters-breach-into-congress-presidential-palace|title=Pro-Bolsonaro Rioters Breach Congress, Presidential Palace|author=Peter Millard|work=Bloomberg News|date=8 January 2023|access-date=8 January 2023}}{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/bolsonaro-supporters-invade-congress-presidential-palace-brasilia-2023-01-08/|title=Bolsonaro supporters invade Brazil's Congress, Supreme Court in Brasilia|author=Adriano Machado|author2=Anthony Boadle|author3=Lisandra Paraguassu|author4=Ricardo Brito|author5=Peter Frontini|author6=Gabriel Araujo|author7=Gabriel Stargardter|work=Reuters|date=8 January 2023|access-date=8 January 2023}}{{Cite web |date=13 January 2023 |title='We Will Die for Brazil': How a Far-Right Mob Tried to Oust Lula |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/world/americas/brazil-protests-mob.html |author1=Jack Nicas |author2=Simon Romero |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=The New York Times |language=en}} with more than 1,500 people arrested.{{Cite news |date=2023-01-09 |title=Brazilian officials knew of protest, thought they could contain it |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/01/09/brazil-riot-telegram-organizers/ |access-date=2023-01-10 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en}} 684 of them were later released on humanitarian grounds.

Demands for an investigation into possible funding for the blockades and demonstrations have grown, mainly due to the circulation of videos of organized stalls serving drinks and food, including barbecues.{{Cite web |title=Bloqueio de rodovia em SC tem gospel e churrasco diante de povo parado |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/01/bloqueio-de-rodovia-em-sc-tem-gospel-e-churrasco-diante-de-povo-parado.html/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}} there are suspicions of hidden funding enabling, or even demanding, the stoppage of truck drivers involved in the demonstrations.{{Cite web |title=MPF suspeita que bloqueios antidemocráticos tenham financiamento oculto |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/07/mpf-suspeita-que-bloqueios-antidemocraticos-tem-financiamento-oculto.htm |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}} The Attorney General of Justice of São Paulo also affirmed the suspicions of financing by businessmen, adding that there are already suspects and evidence.{{Cite web |title=Procurador-geral de Justiça de SP diz que manifestações bolsonaristas são financiadas e criminosas |url=https://cbn.globoradio.globo.com/media/audio/391516/pais-que-levem-filhos-para-manifestacoes-bolsonari.htm |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=cbn.globoradio.globo.com |language=pt-br}}{{Cite web |title=A ligação de Luciano Hang com a manifestação nas estradas |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/economia/a-ligacao-de-luciano-hang-com-a-manifestacao-nas-estradas/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=VEJA |language=pt-BR}}

Businessmen from several states financed caravans to Brasília to reinforce the protests calling for a military intervention in front of the army's headquarters in the city, more than 70 trucks with the Brazilian flag arrived on November 6 and 7, entrepreneurs from the municipality of Água Boa, in Mato Grosso, organized a joint action by sending 23 trucks, twelve trucks bore the name of Agritex, a reseller of agricultural machinery, parts and equipment, another seven vehicles displayed the logo of Grupo Comelli, from Rio Verde, in Goiás, a company specialized in biomass processing, in all, vehicle license plates are from at least four states: Mato Grosso, Goiás, Bahia and Santa Catarina.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-09 |title=Empresários enviam funcionários e bancam despesas para inflar atos antidemocráticos |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2022/11/empresarios-enviam-funcionarios-e-bancam-despesas-para-inflar-atos-antidemocraticos.shtml |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}}

On 3 November, the Military Police of Alagoas delivered a report to the STF identifying WhatsApp and Telegram groups and the leaders involved in the state's acts.{{Cite web |title=PM entrega relatório ao STF com informações sobre responsáveis por protestos em Alagoas |url=https://g1.globo.com/al/alagoas/noticia/2022/11/11/pm-entrega-relatorio-ao-stf-com-informacoes-sobre-responsaveis-por-protestos-em-alagoas.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=G1 |date=11 November 2022 |language=pt-br}} The police concluded that the leaderships are not centralized; The leadership of Kayo Gustavo Fragoso Carneiro da Cunha stands out, candidate for federal deputy in the general elections of 2022. On November 8, the Public Ministries of São Paulo, Santa Catarina and Espírito Santo also made complaints to the TSE about financing part of businessmen, municipal buses that transported the demonstrators and financing by Pix.{{Cite web |last=Minas |first=Estado de |date=2022-11-08 |title=MP: bloqueios e atos em quartéis são financiados por empresários |url=https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/politica/2022/11/08/interna_politica,1418630/mp-bloqueios-e-atos-em-quarteis-sao-financiados-por-empresarios.shtml |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Estado de Minas |language=pt-BR}} In Espírito Santo, businessmen sold their products during the protests. In Santa Catarina, there was the participation of politicians, including a councilor.{{Cite web |title=MP aponta relação de ao menos 12 empresários e agentes políticos em financiamento de bloqueios ilegais em SC |url=https://g1.globo.com/sc/santa-catarina/noticia/2022/11/09/mp-aponta-relacao-de-ao-menos-12-empresas-e-agentes-politicos-em-financiamento-de-bloqueios-ilegais-em-sc.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=G1 |date=9 November 2022 |language=pt-br}} On the same day, the Civil Police of Paraná sent a report denouncing a councilor and several former councillors, a municipal attorney, an advisor to a federal deputy and numerous businessmen in organizing and financing the protests. Among them are Aurélio Ramos de Oliveira Neto, Sandro Nascimento Ferreira Branco and Éder Mauro.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-10 |title=Atos antidemocráticos no PA têm apoio de políticos e empresários, diz relatório da polícia |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/11/atos-antidemocraticos-no-pa-tem-apoio-de-politicos-e-empresarios-diz-relatorio-da-policia.shtml |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}}

On 12 November, the MPF asked the Minister of Defense, Paulo Sérgio Nogueira de Oliveira, to identify those responsible for calling and financing the protests.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-12 |title=Procuradoria cobra ministro da Defesa para identificar responsáveis por atos antidemocráticos |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/11/procuradoria-cobra-ministro-da-defesa-para-identificar-responsaveis-por-atos-antidemocraticos.shtml |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}} On 17 November, Minister Alexandre de Moraes decided to block 43 bank accounts of individuals and legal entities suspected of financing anti-democratic acts.{{Cite web |last=gustavozanfer |title=Moraes determina bloqueio de 43 contas bancárias de suspeitos de financiar atos antidemocráticos |url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/moraes-determina-bloqueio-de-43-contas-bancarias-de-suspeitos-de-financiar-atos-antidemocraticos/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=CNN Brasil |language=pt-BR}} The magistrate explained:

{{Blockquote|text=In this case, there has been repeated abuse of the right to assemble, illicitly and criminally directed to propagate non-compliance and disrespect for the result of the election for President and Vice-President of the Republic, whose result was proclaimed by the Superior Electoral Court on 30/10/2022, with the consequent disruption of the Democratic State of Law and the installation of an exception regime.|author=Alexandre de Moraes}}

Initially, rumors circulated linking businessman Luciano Hang to the organization and financing of the demonstrations, mainly due to the preference of the protesters to carry out concentrations in front of chain stores Havan, the businessman denied contributing to the organization of the movement.{{Cite web |title=A ligação de Luciano Hang com a manifestação nas estradas |url=https://veja.abril.com.br/economia/a-ligacao-de-luciano-hang-com-a-manifestacao-nas-estradas/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=VEJA |language=pt-BR}}

However, it was confirmed in a report by Agência Pública, which had exclusive access to documents from the Federal Highway Police, that the chain of stores Havan sent its service trucks to the roadblocks roads, along with Transben Transportes, a company named after his wife, Andrea Benvenutti Hang, Hang's sister-in-law and father-in-law, and Premix Concreto.{{Cite web |last=Maciel |first=Alice |last2=Levy |first2=Clarissa |date=2022-11-09 |title=Luciano Hang enviou caminhões para ato golpista, segundo PRF |url=https://apublica.org/2022/11/luciano-hang-enviou-caminhoes-para-ato-golpista-segundo-prf/ |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Agência Pública |language=pt-BR}} The companies organized the trucks to KM 83 of the BR-101, in Barra Velha, for a protest that took place in front of the Maiochi gas station, close to a Havan store. In Palhoça, an Havan store even offered chairs, benches, access to the bathroom and electrical connection for the speakers to the protesters.

The businessman and founder of the "Lux Institute", Emílio Dalçoquio Neto, has been pointed out by reports from the Federal Highway Police that were publicized by the media, as a leader of the blockades and organized acts in the state of Santa Catarina, also participating in national mobilization networks.{{Cite web |title=PRF aponta empresário bolsonarista Emilio Dalçoquio como líder de atos ilegais que bloquearam rodovias em SC |url=https://g1.globo.com/sc/santa-catarina/noticia/2022/11/11/prf-aponta-empresario-bolsonarista-emilio-dalcoquio-como-lider-de-atos-ilegais-que-bloquearam-rodovias-em-sc.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=G1 |date=11 November 2022 |language=pt-br}} Dalçoquio is identified in several videos making speeches to encourage protests, as he also owns several vehicles used in the blockades. Emílio is already known for his participation in the Truck drivers' strike in 2018, which led to an investigation of the carrier Dalçoquio by the Federal Police for preventing the return of the company's activities as a way to influence the negotiations and context of the strike, a crime known as "locaute".{{Cite web |title=Transportadora de Itajaí é investigada por denúncia de locaute |url=https://g1.globo.com/sc/santa-catarina/noticia/transportadora-de-itajai-e-investigada-por-denuncia-de-locaute.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=G1 |date=30 May 2018 |language=pt-br}} The company had even sent a letter supporting the strikes.{{Cite web |title=Separatista, empresário do Sul cria saia-justa com posição sobre greve |url=https://valor.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2018/05/29/separatista-empresario-do-sul-cria-saia-justa-com-posicao-sobre-greve.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=Valor Econômico |date=29 May 2018 |language=pt-br}}

{{external media|video1=[https://tv.uol/19nOQ Federal Highway Police agent saying "the only order we have is to be here with you, that's all."]|width=220px|float=left}}

On the day of the blockades, the PRF activated the {{ill|Office of the General Counsel for the Union|pt|Advocacia-Geral da União}} (AGU) to ensure the flow of roads, but the AGU responded that the PRF could act without authorization from the agency. The PRF released a statement saying that it "has adopted all measures to return the flow to normal", and that it is prioritizing dialogue to ensure the right to protest.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/prf-pode-atuar-em-protesto-de-caminhoneiros-sem-demandar-autorizacao-diz-agu/|title=PRF pode atuar em protesto de caminhoneiros 'sem demandar autorização', diz AGU|date=2022-10-31|access-date=2022-10-31|work=CNN Brasil|author=Julia Affonso|language=pt-BR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031233019/https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/prf-pode-atuar-em-protesto-de-caminhoneiros-sem-demandar-autorizacao-diz-agu/|archive-date=2022-10-31}} Some people criticized the apparent inaction of the PRF, which the day before conducted operations considered illegal throughout the country.{{Cite web|url=https://noticias.r7.com/brasil/caminhoneiros-bloqueiam-rodovias-de-pelo-menos-sete-estados-31102022|title=Caminhoneiros bloqueiam rodovias de pelo menos sete estados|date=2022-10-31|access-date=2022-10-31|website=R7|language=pt-BR}} Several videos were released in which the policemen said that they would not do anything about the blockade. In one, the policeman states that the order was only to monitor the demonstrations.{{Cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2022/10/agente-da-prf-diz-a-caminhoneiros-que-unica-ordem-e-estar-aqui-com-voces-veja-video.shtml|title=Agente da PRF diz a caminhoneiros que única ordem é 'estar aqui com vocês'; veja vídeo|date=2022-10-31|access-date=2022-10-31|work=Folha de S.Paulo|author=Raquel Lopes|language=pt-BR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031225602/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/erro/404/|archive-date=2022-10-31}}

The Supreme Federal Court (STF) ordered that the PRF immediately unblock the roads under penalty of R$100,000 per hour to General Director {{ill|Silvinei Vasques|pt|Silvinei Vasques}}.{{Cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/10/31/moraes-ordena-que-prf-desobstrua-todos-os-bloqueios-em-vias-imediatamente.htm|title=STF forma maioria e valida ordem de Moraes para PRF desbloquear rodovias|date=2022-10-31|access-date=2022-11-01|website=Uol|author=Isabella Cavalcante|author2=Paulo Roberto Netto|author3=Caíque Alencar|author4=Robson Santos|language=pt-br|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101224404/https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/10/31/moraes-ordena-que-prf-desobstrua-todos-os-bloqueios-em-vias-imediatamente.htm|archive-date=2022-11-01}} Minister Alexandre de Moraes issued a note on 31 October, urging the PRF to take "all necessary and sufficient measures" to open the roads. The determination cites the "omissive" and "inert" posture of Director-General Silvinei Vasques. The letter states the possibility of removal of the director if he fails to comply with the determination. Besides the PRF, the president of the TSE demanded the collaboration of other public security forces to clear the roads.{{Cite web|url=https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/eleicoes-2022/moraes-ve-omissao-e-inercia-da-prf-e-manda-que-brs-sejam-desbloqueadas|title=Moraes vê omissão e inércia da PRF e manda que BRs sejam desbloqueadas|date=2022-10-31|access-date=2022-10-31|website=metropole|language=pt-BR}}

Videos circulated of PRF officers allying themselves with the protesters.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nsctotal.com.br/colunistas/dagmara-spautz/videos-mostram-que-prf-se-aliou-a-manifestantes-em-sc|title=Vídeos mostram que PRF se alia a manifestantes em SC|date=2022-10-31|access-date=2022-10-31|website=nsctotal|language=pt-BR}} Newspapers reported that the tone of the policemen is one of leniency.{{Cite web|url=https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/eleicoes-2022/bloqueios-videos-mostram-agentes-da-prf-apoiando-caminhoneiros-em-sc|title=Bloqueios: vídeos mostram agentes da PRF apoiando caminhoneiros em SC|date=2022-10-31|access-date=2022-10-31|work=metropole|language=pt-BR}} The PRF directorate said that it did not send any support orders and that procedures will be opened to investigate the cases of police officers who did so. The police officers have not been removed, as the organization believes it needs as many people as possible to act during the protests.{{Cite web|url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/01/prf-diz-ter-identificado-casos-de-policiais-supostamente-ajudando-golpistas.htm|title=PRF diz ter identificado casos de policiais suspeitos de ajudar em atos|date=2022-11-01|access-date=2022-11-01|website=Uol|author=Camila Turtelli|author2=Mariana Durães|author3=Caio Mello|language=pt-br|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101224040/https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/01/prf-diz-ter-identificado-casos-de-policiais-supostamente-ajudando-golpistas.htm|archive-date=2022-11-01}}

In December 2022, members of the Military Police of Mato Grosso who were eating in a camp set up by Protesters in front of the 13th Motorized Infantry Brigade of the Military Command West, in Cuiabá, approached and detained students who filmed them without clear accusation.{{Cite web |title=Estudantes são detidos após filmar PMs comendo em acampamento golpista de bolsonaristas em Cuiabá |url=https://g1.globo.com/mt/mato-grosso/noticia/2022/12/13/estudantes-sao-detidos-apos-filmar-pms-comendo-em-acampamento-golpista-de-bolsonaristas-em-cuiaba.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=G1 |date=13 December 2022 |language=pt-br}}{{Cite web |title='Não cometemos crime nenhum', diz estudante detido após filmar PMs comendo em acampamento golpista de bolsonaristas em Cuiabá |url=https://g1.globo.com/mt/mato-grosso/noticia/2022/12/14/nao-cometemos-crime-nenhum-diz-estudante-detido-apos-filmar-pms-comendo-em-acampamento-golpista-de-bolsonaristas-em-cuiaba.ghtml |access-date=2023-01-07 |website=G1 |date=14 December 2022 |language=pt-br}}

File:Pronunciamento de derrota do presidente Jair Bolsonaro.webm

Deputies Nikolas Ferreira of the Liberal Party (PL), Daniel Silveira of the Brazilian Labour Party (PTB), and Carla Zambelli of the PL supported and encouraged the actions of the Bolsonarists who are blocking the roads.{{Cite web|url=https://www.metropoles.com/colunas/guilherme-amado/zambelli-nikolas-e-silveira-incitam-golpe-de-estado-contra-eleicao|title=Zambelli, Nikolas e Silveira incitam golpe de Estado|date=2022-11-01|access-date=2022-11-01|website=Metrópoles|language=pt-BR}} Ferreira wrote that "a soldier who goes to war and is afraid to die is a coward". Senator Simone Tebet of the Brazilian Democratic Movement, who was defeated in the first round, said that roadblocks by supporters of Bolsonaro are "antidemocratic" and that the "moment now is for peace and unity".{{Cite web|url=https://www.metropoles.com/brasil/politica-brasil/simone-tebet-chama-paralisacoes-das-rodovias-de-antidemocraticas|title=Simone Tebet chama paralisações das rodovias de "antidemocráticas"|date=2022-11-01|access-date=2022-11-02|website=Metrópoles|language=pt-BR}} Brazil's incoming president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, has vowed to punish protesters who stormed into Congress, The Supreme Court, and the Presidential Palace.{{Cite news |date=2023-01-08 |title=Brazil Congress: Lula vows to punish supporters of Bolsonaro after riot |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-64204860 |access-date=2023-01-09}}

45 hours after the end of the second round, Bolsonaro gave a brief speech, saying: "Peaceful demonstrations will always be welcome, but our methods cannot be those of the left, which have always harmed the population, such as invading property, destroying heritage, and curtailing the right to transit."{{Cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/11/bolsonaro-quebra-silencio-condena-bloqueios-e-fala-em-indignacao-com-injusticas-na-eleicao.shtml|title=Bolsonaro quebra silêncio, condena bloqueios e fala em indignação e injustiça com eleição|date=2022-11-01|access-date=2022-11-01|work=Folha de S.Paulo|author=Matheus Teixeira, Renato Machado e Marianna Holanda|language=pt-BR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101194818/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/11/bolsonaro-quebra-silencio-condena-bloqueios-e-fala-em-indignacao-com-injusticas-na-eleicao.shtml|archive-date=2022-11-01}} The next day, he recorded a video for supporters asking for the clearing of highways.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-02 |title=Bolsonaro pede desobstrução de rodovias e diz que não são manifestações legítimas |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2022/11/bolsonaro-pede-desobstrucao-de-rodovias-mas-diz-que-outras-manifestacoes-sao-do-jogo-democratico.shtml |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}} The vice president, Hamilton Mourão, recognized the legitimacy of the election result, discarded the "possibility of fraud", repudiated the demonstrations and advised the participants to "put the ball down", and concluded that "it's no use crying anymore".{{Cite web |title=Mourão diz que Bolsonaro reconheceu "implicitamente" a derrota, e reforça condenação aos bloqueios nas rodovias |url=https://valor.globo.com/politica/eleicoes-2022/noticia/2022/11/01/mourao-diz-que-bolsonaro-reconheceu-implicitamente-a-derrota-e-reforca-condenacao-aos-bloqueios-nas-rodovias.ghtml |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=Valor Econômico |date=November 2022 |language=pt-br}}

The Homeless Workers' Movement (MTST) has instructed its militants to organize demonstrations to unblock the main access roads, and also not to clash with the protesters.{{Cite web|url=https://valor.globo.com/brasil/noticia/2022/11/01/mtst-pede-que-militantes-nao-entrem-em-confronto-com-bolsonaristas-nas-estradas.ghtml|title=MTST pede que militantes não entrem em confronto com bolsonaristas nas estradas|date=2022-11-01|access-date=2022-11-01|work=Valor Econômico|language=pt-br}} The PT president Gleisi Hoffmann said that the state is the one that should deal with the protests, and declared that the new government would maintain dialogue with the truck drivers.{{Cite web|url=https://valor.globo.com/politica/noticia/2022/11/01/presidente-do-pt-diz-discordar-da-posio-do-mtst-sobre-protestos-de-bolsonaristas.ghtml|title=Presidente do PT discorda da posição do MTST sobre agir contra protestos de bolsonaristas|date=2022-01-11|access-date=2022-11-01|website=Valor Econômico|author=Cristiane Agostine e João Valadares|language=pt-br|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101220557/https://valor.globo.com/politica/noticia/2022/11/01/presidente-do-pt-diz-discordar-da-posio-do-mtst-sobre-protestos-de-bolsonaristas.ghtml|archive-date=2022-11-01}}

The Superior Electoral Court sent several court orders to shut down the Telegram and WhatsApp groups, as well as the TikTok and YouTube channels, which were used to organize protests urging the military to invoke article 142 of the Constitution of Brazil to stage a coup. The orders were heeded by the technology companies.{{Cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/11/tse-da-ordens-em-serie-para-derrubar-grupos-golpistas-que-se-multiplicacao-nas-plataformas.shtml|title=TSE dá ordens em série para derrubar grupos golpistas que se multiplicam nas plataformas|date=2022-11-01|access-date=2022-11-01|website=Folha de S.Paulo|author=Patrícia Campos Mello e Renata Galf|language=pt-BR}} Among those who had their social networks blocked are Carla Zambelli, Adrilles Jorge, Gilberto Silva, José Medeiros, Monark and Nikolas Ferreira.{{Cite web |date=2022-11-08 |title=Monark, Adrilles e deputados bolsonaristas têm contas bloqueadas em redes sociais |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/11/monark-tem-canal-bloqueado-no-youtube-e-se-diz-alvo-de-censura-do-stf.shtml |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}}{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=Bolsonarista Nikolas Ferreira tem conta do Twitter suspensa por decisão judicial |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/11/bolsonarista-nikolas-ferreira-tem-conta-do-twitter-suspensa-por-decisao-judicial.shtml |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}} Zambelli created new accounts, which were also taken down. Then said that she would report the case to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR).{{Cite web |date=2022-11-04 |title=Carla Zambelli diz que irá à Comissão de Direitos Humanos da OEA após ter redes suspensas |url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/poder/2022/11/carla-zambelli-diz-que-ira-a-comissao-de-direitos-humanos-da-oea-apos-ter-redes-suspensas.shtml |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=Folha de S.Paulo |language=pt-BR}} The social network Gettr asked the STF for access to the process that determined the blocking of Zambelli on the platform.{{Cite web |title=Gettr reclama ao STF sobre decisão de excluir perfil de Zambelli da rede |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/08/gettr-aciona-stf-exclusao-perfil-carla-zambelli.htm |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}}

The STF held Bolsonaro responsible for the protests and ordered the immediate unblocking of the roads. Moraes also considered the actions of the PRF as omissive and inert.{{Cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/colunas/monicabergamo/2022/11/estamos-lidando-com-um-moleque-diz-ministro-do-stf-sobre-bolsonaro.shtml|title=Mônica Bergamo: "Estamos lidando com um moleque", diz ministro do STF sobre Bolsonaro|date=2022-11-01|access-date=2022-11-01|work=Folha de S.Paulo|author=Mônica Bergamo|language=pt-BR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221101215728/https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/colunas/monicabergamo/2022/11/estamos-lidando-com-um-moleque-diz-ministro-do-stf-sobre-bolsonaro.shtml|archive-date=2022-11-01}}

Leaders of organizations of the truckers category made different statements about the movement. Wallace Landim, also known as Chorão, president of the Brazilian Association of Drivers of Motor Vehicles (Abrava), repudiated the blockades.{{Cite web|url=https://valor.globo.com/politica/eleicoes-2022/noticia/2022/10/31/o-que-se-sabe-ate-agora-sobre-as-manifestacoes-dos-caminhoneiros-pelo-brasil-apos-a-vitoria-de-lula.ghtml|title=O que se sabe até agora sobre as manifestações dos caminhoneiros pelo Brasil após a vitória de Lula|date=2022-10-31|access-date=2022-10-31|website=Valor Econômico|language=pt-BR}} The president of the Parliamentary Mixed Front for the Defense of Independent and Full-Time Truck Drivers, {{ill|Nereu Crispim|pt|Nereu Crispim}}, affirmed that there are no plans to paralyze the category as a whole. The president of the Ourinhos Truck Drivers Union confirmed the mobilization of the category for strikes.{{Cite web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/politica/eleicoes-2022/noticia/2022/10/lideres-da-greve-de-2018-condenam-paralisacoes-feitas-por-caminhoneiros-em-doze-estados-do-pais.ghtml|title=Líderes da greve de 2018 condenam paralisações feitas por caminhoneiros em doze estados do país|date=2022-10-31|access-date=2022-10-31|website=Oglobo|language=pt-BR}} The mobilization has taken place mainly through Telegram groups, and counts on independent leaders from the main entities of the category.{{Cite web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2022/10/caminhoneiros-bolsonaristas-bloqueiam-estradas-em-ao-menos-11-estados.shtml|title=Caminhoneiros bolsonaristas bloqueiam estradas em ao menos 14 estados e no DF|date=2022-10-31|access-date=2022-10-31|website=Folha de São Paulo|language=pt-BR}}

On 30 November 2022, the {{ill|Engineering Society of Rio Grande do Sul|pt|Sociedade de Engenharia do Rio Grande do Sul}} issued a note calling for a military coup and the suspension of the inauguration of the elected president, Due to the note, considered by many to be anti-democratic, the Society was denounced to the STF.{{Cite web |date=2022-12-07 |title=Sociedade de Engenharia é denunciada ao STF por nota golpista {{!}} Metrópoles |url=https://www.metropoles.com/colunas/guilherme-amado/sociedade-de-engenharia-e-denunciada-ao-stf-por-nota-golpista |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=www.metropoles.com |language=pt-BR}}

The roadblocks have had great repercussions in the international media, being highlighted as "disturbances". The French newspaper Le Monde highlighted the "potentially deleterious consequences" that these blockades will cause to Brazil's economy, British broadcaster BBC cited the protests as causing "considerable disturbance" to the daily lives of Brazilians, The Italian La Repubblica pointed to Bolsonaro's "absolute silence" while Brazil was "in flames", American newspaper The New York Times said that the road protests "echoes Bolsonaro's baseless claims before the election", while The Washington Post reported the fact that the roadblocks have been organized by pro-Bolsonaro Telegram channels.{{Cite web |title=Jornais internacionais destacam bloqueio de vias no Brasil: 'Perturbação' [01/11/2022] |url=https://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/ultimas-noticias/2022/11/01/jornais-internacionais-estradas-bloqueadas-brasil.htm |access-date=2023-01-08 |website=noticias.uol.com.br |language=pt-br}}

• 2022–2023 Peruvian political protests
• 2022 Brazilian attempted coup plot
• Police operations in the 2022 Brazilian general election

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{{DEFAULTSORT:2022-2023 Brazilian election protests}}

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