2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Europe
{{Short description|Ongoing outbreak of monkeypox in Europe}}
{{About|the outbreak on the continent|an overview of the outbreak for the entire world|2022–2023 mpox outbreak}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{infobox pandemic
| name = 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Europe
| disease = Mpox
| virus_strain = Monkeypox virus (West African clade)
| arrival_date = 6 May 2022 ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=05|day1=6|year1=2022|month2=|day3=|year2=}} ago)
| confirmed_cases = 22,640
| suspected_cases = 82
| deaths = 1
| territories = 35
| website =
| index_case = London, England
}}
The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Europe is a part of the outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The outbreak reached Europe on 6 May 2022 when the United Kingdom reported their first case of mpox. {{As of|2022|7|13|df=UK|post=,}} 35 European countries and territories have confirmed cases.
{{TOC limit|4}}
Background
{{Excerpt|Mpox|only=paragraphs|paragraphs=1-3|this=These paragraphs are}}
Transmission
File:Stages of monkeypox lesion development.jpg
A large portion of those infected were believed to have not recently traveled to areas of Africa where mpox is normally found, such as Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as central and western Africa. It is believed to be transmitted by close contact with sick people, with extra caution for those individuals with lesions on their skin or genitals, along with their bedding and clothing. The CDC has also stated that individuals should avoid contact and consumption of dead animals such as rats, squirrels, monkeys and apes along with wild game or lotions derived from animals in Africa.{{Cite web |last=Vargas |first=Ramon Antonio |date=2022-06-07 |title=US raises monkeypox alert level but says risk to public remains low |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/07/monkeypox-cases-cdc-alert-level-us |access-date=2022-06-09 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}
In addition to more common symptoms, such as fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and rashes or lesions, some patients have also experienced proctitis, an inflammation of the rectum lining. CDC has also warned clinicians to not rule out mpox in patients with sexually transmitted infections since there have been reports of co-infections with syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes.{{cite web | url=https://www.advisory.com/daily-briefing/2022/06/14/monkeypox-update | title=Monkeypox update: Where the outbreak stands now }}
Timeline
= Arrival =
{{Main|2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Germany|2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the United Kingdom|2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the Netherlands}}
An index case was imported into the United Kingdom in late April 2022, by a man who had travelled to Nigeria, where the disease is endemic. He had already showed symptoms since 29 April, and was admitted to hospital in London on 6 May. On 12 May, the man was confirmed to have contracted mpox. The following day, another mpox case was confirmed, and the United Kingdom reported these cases to the World Health Organization (WHO).{{Cite web |title=Monkeypox - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON383 |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}
= Cases transited through Europe =
== May ==
=== 18 May ===
{{Main|2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Spain|2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Portugal}}
On 18 May, Spain and Portugal both confirmed their first cases of mpox following the confirmation of mpox in the United Kingdom starting an outbreak in the countries.{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=U.S. monkeypox case reported, as Spain, Portugal report infections in growing outbreak |url=https://www.statnews.com/2022/05/18/spain-portugal-report-monkeypox-cases-raising-specter-of-wider-outbreak/ |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=STAT |language=en-US}} It is unknown how it was contracted, but most likely via travel or skin-to-skin contact abroad.
=== 19 May ===
On 19 May, Belgium confirmed its first cases of mpox in two Belgian men, it was later confirmed by Reuters that the men had gone to the same party.{{Cite news |date=2022-05-20 |title=Belgium detects first two monkeypox cases |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/belgium-detects-first-two-monkeypox-cases-2022-05-20/ |access-date=2022-06-23}}
Later, Italy confirmed its first case of mpox in an Italian man in Rome, the man was isolated at the Spallanzani Hospital. The disease was likely contracted from a stay in the Canary Islands.{{Cite news |date=2022-05-19 |title=Italy confirms first monkeypox case|language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/italy-reports-first-case-monkeypox-infection-two-more-suspected-2022-05-19/ |access-date=2022-05-19}} There were 2 suspected cases, which later became confirmed cases.
Sweden then confirmed its first case of mpox in Stockholm, the Swedish Health Agency confirmed it later. The person was not reported to be a woman or a man, but it was most likely a man.{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Sweden reports monkeypox case in Stockholm |url=http://outbreaknewstoday.com/sweden-reports-monkeypox-case-in-stockholm-73064/ |access-date=2022-06-23 |website=Outbreak News Today |language=en-US}} It is unknown how it was contracted, but likely via travel or skin-to-skin contact abroad.
=== 20 May ===
{{Main|2022–2023 mpox outbreak in France|2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Germany|2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the Netherlands}}
On 20 May, France reported their first case of mpox. The patient had no travel history, meaning he didn't contract the disease abroad.{{Cite news |last=AA |date=2022-05-20 |title=First case of monkeypox in the Paris region of France |language=en |work=AA |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/france-says-1st-case-of-monkeypox-reported-in-paris-region/2593219/}}
On the same day, Germany and the Netherlands reported their first cases of mpox.{{Cite news |date=2022-05-20 |title=First case of monkeypox in Germany, in the Berlin/Munich region |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/germany-detects-first-case-monkeypox-military-medical-service-2022-05-20/}}{{Cite news |date=2022-05-20 |title=First case of monkeypox in the Netherlands |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/several-suspected-monkeypox-cases-netherlands-anp-citing-health-agency-2022-05-20/}} It was unknown how it was contracted in both stories, but likely via travel or skin-to-skin contact abroad.
=== 21 May ===
On 21 May, Switzerland confirmed its first case of mpox. It was in a person of undisclosed gender, contracted through "close physical contact" abroad, according to Reuters.{{Cite news |date=2022-05-21 |title=First case of monkeypox in Switzerland |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/switzerland-confirms-its-first-case-monkeypox-2022-05-21/}}
=== 22 May ===
On 22 May, Austria confirmed its first case of mpox.{{Cite news |date=2022-05-22 |title=First case of monkeypox in Austria |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/austrias-first-case-monkeypox-confirmed-vienna-health-authority-says-2022-05-22/}} It is unknown how it was contracted or who contracted it, but likely via travel or skin-to-skin contact abroad.
=== 23 May ===
On 23 May, Denmark detected its first mpox infection. It was in an adult male, likely contracted from a trip to Spain, according to Reuters. No cases of mpox were detected in Greenland, a Danish constituent country in North America.
=== 24 May ===
On 24 May, the Czech Republic registered its first case of mpox in a woman, likely picked up from a festival in Belgium, according to Reuters.
On the same day, Slovenia also registered its first case of mpox. It was in a traveller of undisclosed gender who likely contracted mpox from a trip to the Canary Islands, according to Reuters.
=== 27 May ===
On 27 May, Ireland confirmed its first case of mpox in the east of the country.{{Cite news |last=BBC |date=2022-05-28 |title=First case of monkeypox in Republic of Ireland |language=en |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqlvpk00k42o|access-date=2022-07-05}} The Health Protection Surveillance Centre (HPSC) commenced publication of a weekly report on the epidemiology of human mpox in Ireland on 9 June.
On the same day, Finland also confirmed its first case of mpox. It was in a man who likely had contracted the disease from a trip to another European country, according to Reuters.
=== 28 May ===
=== 31 May ===
On 31 May, Hungary confirmed its first case of mpox, in an adult male. It is still being investigated whether or not he recently travelled, though it is unknown how the man contracted the disease.
On the same day, Norway confirmed its first case of mpox. It was in a person of undisclosed gender who most likely contracted the disease from travelling abroad. The case was linked to the ongoing outbreak in Europe, meaning that the patient may have travelled to a European country that was affected by the outbreak.
== June ==
=== 1 June ===
On 1 June, Gibraltar, a British Overseas Territory, registered its first case of mpox in a Spanish resident of undisclosed gender working in Gibraltar. The patient likely contracted the disease from close contact with another Spanish national also working in Gibraltar.
=== 3 June ===
=== 8 June ===
=== 9 June ===
=== 10 June ===
=== 13 June ===
=== 15 June ===
On 15 June, Luxembourg confirmed its first mpox case. It is unknown how it was contracted, though it is being investigated. The disease was likely picked up via travelling abroad or skin-to-skin contact.
On the same day, Georgia also confirmed its first case of mpox. It was in a patient of undisclosed gender who likely contracted the disease from a trip to Europe.
=== 17 June ===
=== 23 June ===
On 23 June, Bulgaria confirmed its first mpox case. It was in two men who most likely contracted the disease from a trip to Spain and the United Kingdom but don't reckon any contact with infected persons.
On the same day, Croatia also received its first case of mpox. It was in an adult man who most likely contracted the disease from a stay in Italy and Spain.
=== 28 June ===
== July ==
=== 2 July ===
=== 7 July ===
=== 12 July ===
On 12 July, Russia confirmed its first case of mpox. It was in a man probably in his 20-25 age group who likely contracted the disease from a trip to Europe where the outbreak had started. The man then tested positive for the virus and was isolated in a hospital, most likely in Saint Petersburg.
=== 13 July ===
=== 22 July ===
{{citation needed span|text=On 22 July, Monaco confirmed its first case of mpox, in a man who most likely had travelled to France where the disease was spreading. The Princess Grace Hospital Centre later reported that the first case of the disease had been confirmed in the residential area of La Colle.|date=August 2022}}
== September ==
=== 15 September ===
On 15 September, Ukraine's Ministry of Health reported the country's first case of mpox. The Ministry noted that the patient, who did not travel abroad, was experiencing "mild symptoms" and undergoing hospital treatment.{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=First monkeypox case confirmed in Ukraine |url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3572315-first-monkeypox-case-confirmed-in-ukraine.html |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=Ukrinform}}{{Cite web |date=2022-09-15 |title=В Україні зареєстрований випадок віспи мавп |url=https://moz.gov.ua/article/news/v-ukraini-zareestrovanij-vipadok-vispi-mavp |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=Міністерство охорони здоров'я України |language=uk}} The region where the case was reported was not disclosed.
Responses
=World Health Organization (WHO)=
On 20 May, the WHO convened an emergency meeting of independent advisers to discuss the outbreak and assess the threat level.{{Cite news |last=Rigby |first=Jennifer |date=20 May 2022 |title=WHO to hold emergency meeting on monkeypox on Friday -sources |language=en |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/who-hold-emergency-meeting-monkeypox-friday-sources-2022-05-20/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520215707/https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/who-hold-emergency-meeting-monkeypox-friday-sources-2022-05-20/ |archive-date=20 May 2022}} Its European chief, Hans Kluge, expressed concern that infections could accelerate in Europe as people gather for parties and festivals over the summer.{{Cite news |last1=Rigby |first1=Jennifer |last2=Grover |first2=Natalie |date=20 May 2022 |title=WHO calls emergency meeting as monkeypox cases top 100 in Europe |publisher=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/monkeypox-outbreak-europe-largest-ever-region-cases-cross-100-2022-05-20/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520212102/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/monkeypox-outbreak-europe-largest-ever-region-cases-cross-100-2022-05-20/ |archive-date=20 May 2022}} On 14 June, the WHO announced plans to rename the disease from monkeypox to mpox in order to combat stigma and racism surrounding the disease.{{Cite news |date=2022-06-13 |title=WHO Will Rename Monkeypox Virus to Minimize Stigma, Racism |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-13/who-weighs-renaming-monkeypox-virus-to-minimize-stigma-racism |access-date=2022-06-15 }} Another meeting convened on 23 June determined that the outbreak does not constitute a Public Health Emergency of International Concern for the time being.{{Cite web |title=Meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the multi-country monkeypox outbreak |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/25-06-2022-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee--regarding-the-multi-country-monkeypox-outbreak |access-date=2022-06-26 |website=who.int |publisher=WHO |language=en |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628012204/https://www.who.int/news/item/25-06-2022-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee--regarding-the-multi-country-monkeypox-outbreak |url-status=live }}
=Countries=
The majority of European countries responded to the outbreak, and the responses of some are listed below.
- {{flag|Belgium}}: The Risk Assessment Group (RAG) and health authorities declared that those infected with mpox must self-isolate for 21 days.{{cite web |title=Monkeypox patients must spend 21 days in isolation |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/226540/monkeypox-patients-must-spend-21-days-in-isolation |website=The Brussels Times |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524192714/https://www.brusselstimes.com/226540/monkeypox-patients-must-spend-21-days-in-isolation |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Germany}}: Fabian Leendertz of the Robert Koch Institute described the outbreak as an epidemic that will not last long: "The cases can be well isolated via contact tracing and there are also drugs and effective vaccines that can be used if necessary."
- {{flag|Ireland}}: The Health Service Executive (HSE) has set up a multidisciplinary incident management team to prepare for the possible arrival of mpox, and infectious diseases experts are on alert for patients with symptoms of the virus.{{Cite news |date= 20 May 2022 |title= Ireland on alert for monkeypox as virus spreads across Europe |language= en |newspaper= The Irish Times |url= https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/ireland-on-alert-for-monkeypox-as-virus-spreads-across-europe-1.4883747 |access-date= 23 May 2022 |archive-date= 20 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220520143721/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/ireland-on-alert-for-monkeypox-as-virus-spreads-across-europe-1.4883747 |url-status= live }}
- {{Flag|Kosovo}}: On 23 May, the Ministry of Health and the National Public Health Institute, have drafted a document of recommendations and measures to help prevent the spread of the disease. In a press statement, healthcare authorities have declared that the situation is being closely monitored.{{cite web |date=2022-05-24 |title=Kosovo takes preventive measures against the spread of monkeypox |url=https://euronews.al/en/kosovo/2022/05/24/kosovo-takes-preventive-measures-against-the-spread-of-monkeypox/ |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=Euronews |language=en-US |archive-date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524113950/https://euronews.al/en/kosovo/2022/05/24/kosovo-takes-preventive-measures-against-the-spread-of-monkeypox/ |url-status=live }}
- {{flag|Luxembourg}}: On 21 May, the Ministry of Health said that they are monitoring the situation with its Europe.{{cite web |date=2022-05-24 |title=Kosovo takes preventive measures against the spread of monkeypox – Euronews Albania |url=https://euronews.al/en/kosovo/2022/05/24/kosovo-takes-preventive-measures-against-the-spread-of-monkeypox/ |access-date=2022-06-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524113950/https://euronews.al/en/kosovo/2022/05/24/kosovo-takes-preventive-measures-against-the-spread-of-monkeypox/ |url-status=live }} he National Infectious Diseases Department of the HLC and refrain from close contact activities until the infection has resolved.{{Cite news |date= 21 May 2022 |title= Ministry of Health: Luxembourg spared from monkeypox so far |language= en |work= RTL Today |url= https://today.rtl.lu/news/luxembourg/a/1916605.html |access-date= 23 May 2022 |archive-date= 24 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220524192722/https://today.rtl.lu/news/luxembourg/a/1916605.html |url-status= live }}
- {{flag|United Kingdom}}: On 22 May, Education Secretary Nadhim Zahawi said "we're taking it very, very seriously" and that the UK government had already started purchasing smallpox vaccines.{{cite web |title=UK Confirms Local Transmission of Monkeypox |url=https://ewn.co.za/2022/05/22/uk-confirms-local-transmission-of-monkeypox |website=Eyewitness News (South Africa) |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524192725/https://ewn.co.za/2022/05/22/uk-confirms-local-transmission-of-monkeypox |url-status=live }} The Terrence Higgins Trust and British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) expressed concern about the impact on sexual health services in the United Kingdom.{{cite web |date=2022-05-21 |title=Monkeypox could have 'big detrimental effect' on access to sexual health services, experts warn |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/health/monkeypox-could-detrimental-effect-access-sexual-health-services-experts-warn-1643210 |access-date=2022-05-23 |website=inews.co.uk |language=en |archive-date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524193914/https://inews.co.uk/news/health/monkeypox-could-detrimental-effect-access-sexual-health-services-experts-warn-1643210 |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |date=2022-05-21 |title=Monkeypox: Doctors concerned over impact on sexual health |language=en-GB |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/health-61527835 |access-date=2022-05-23 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520230245/https://www.bbc.com/news/health-61527835 |url-status=live }}
=Dependent territories=
- {{flag|Gibraltar}}: On 31 May, a Strategic Coordination Group met to discuss Gibraltar's state of preparedness in the eventuality that a case of mpox was confirmed in the territory amid the rapid rise of cases in the United Kingdom and Spain.{{cite web |title=Gibraltar Government prepares for Monkeypox, as UK cases rise |url=https://www.chronicle.gi/gibraltar-government-prepares-for-monkeypox-as-uk-cases-rise/ |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=Gibraltar Chronicle |language=en |archive-date=1 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601160257/https://www.chronicle.gi/gibraltar-government-prepares-for-monkeypox-as-uk-cases-rise/ |url-status=live }}
Cases per country and territory
This is a table of confirmed and suspected mpox cases in European countries during the ongoing 2022–2023 mpox outbreak. It does not include countries where suspected cases were reported but later discarded. ({{As of|2022|7|13|df=UK}})
= Timeline of first confirmed cases by country or territory =
class="wikitable mw-datatable"
|+First confirmed mpox cases by country or territory ! scope="col" |Date ! scope="col" |Countries / Territories |
{{dts|6 May 2022}}
|{{flagdeco|United Kingdom}} United Kingdom |
{{dts|18 May 2022}} |
{{dts|19 May 2022}}
|{{flag|Belgium}} • {{flag|Italy}} • {{flag|Sweden}} |
{{dts|20 May 2022}}
|{{flag|France}} • {{flagdeco|Germany}} Germany • {{flagdeco|Netherlands}} Netherlands |
{{dts|21 May 2022}}
|{{flag|Switzerland}} |
{{dts|22 May 2022}}
|{{flag|Austria}} |
{{dts|23 May 2022}}
|{{flag|Denmark}} |
{{dts|24 May 2022}}
|{{flag|Czech Republic}} • {{flag|Slovenia}} |
{{dts|27 May 2022}}
|{{flag|Finland}} • {{flag|Ireland}} |
{{dts|28 May 2022}}
|{{flag|Malta}} |
{{dts|31 May 2022}}
|{{flag|Hungary}} • {{flag|Norway}} |
{{dts|1 June 2022}}
|{{flag|Gibraltar}}{{efn-la|name=fn1}} |
{{dts|3 June 2022}}
|{{flag|Latvia}} |
{{dts|8 June 2022}}
|{{flag|Greece}} |
{{dts|9 June 2022}}
|{{flag|Iceland}} |
{{dts|10 June 2022}}
|{{flag|Poland}} |
{{dts|13 June 2022}}
|{{flag|Romania}} |
{{dts|15 June 2022}}
|{{flag|Luxembourg}} • {{flag|Georgia}} |
{{dts|17 June 2022}}
|{{flag|Serbia}} |
{{dts|23 June 2022}}
|{{flag|Bulgaria}} • {{flag|Croatia}} |
{{dts|28 June 2022}}
|{{flag|Estonia}} |
{{dts|2 July 2022}}
|{{flag|Andorra}} |
{{dts|7 July 2022}}
|{{flag|Slovakia}} |
{{dts|12 July 2022}}
|{{flag|Russia}} |
{{dts|13 July 2022}}
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |
15 September 2022
|{{flag|Ukraine}} |
== Timeline of suspected cases by country or territory ==
Countries listed below had only suspected cases at the time of reporting. Some countries reported confirmed cases after reporting suspected cases. Countries listed several times reported suspected cases again after they discarded suspected cases before.
class="wikitable mw-datatable"
|+Timeline of suspected mpox cases by country or territory |
scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Countries / Territories |
---|
{{dts|20 May 2022}}
| {{flag|Greece}} (discounted on 22 May) |
{{dts|5 June 2022}}
| {{flag|Georgia}} (confirmed on 15 June){{Cite web |title=В соседней Грузии выявлены случаи с подозрением на оспу обезьян |url=https://1news.az/news/20220606104013980-V-sosednei-Gruzii-vyyavleny-sluchai-s-podozreniem-na-ospu-obezyan |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=1news.az |language=ru}} |
{{As of|2022|7|11|post=,|df=UK}} 33 European countries and territories have been affected by the pandemic.
See also
- Mpox
- Monkeypox virus
- Mpox in Nigeria
- Mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak
- Timeline of the 2022–2023 mpox outbreak
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Asia
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Canada
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Germany
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the Netherlands
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Portugal
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Spain
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the United Kingdom
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the United States
Notes
{{reflist|group=note}}
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}