2024 PT5

{{infobox planet

| abs_magnitude = 27.4

| alt_names = A119q0V

| aphelion = {{val | 1.034046037 | ul = AU }} (Q)

| arg_peri = {{val | 116.24843 | u = ° }} (ω)

| asc_node = {{val | 305.572361 | u = ° }} (Ω)

| background = #FFC2E0

| dimensions = {{ubl | ~ {{ convert | 11 | m | sigfig = 2 | abbr = on }} | 5–42 meters }}

| rotation = ≤ 1h

| discovered = 7 August 2024

| discoverer = ATLAS South Africa, Sutherland

| discovery_ref =

| eccentricity = {{val | 0.021476704 }} (e)

| epoch = 2024-Oct-17 (JD 2460600.5)

| inclination = {{val | 1.5205167 | u = ° }} (i)

| jupiter_moid = {{convert | 3.95662 | AU | km | abbr = on }}

| mean_anomaly = {{val | 323.67726| ul = ° }} (M)

| minorplanet = yes

| moid = {{convert | 0.00607821 | AU | km LD | abbr = on }}

| mpc_name = {{mp | 2024 PT | 5}}

| mp_category = {{hlist | NEO | Apollo }}

| name = {{mp | 2024 PT | 5 }}

| observation_arc = 177 days

| orbit_ref =

| perihelion = {{val | 0.990564085 | u = AU }} (q)

| period = {{val | 1.018533493 | u = years }}

| semimajor = {{val | 1.012305061 | u = AU }} (a)

| time_periastron = 2024-Nov-23.53545

| uncertainty = 0

}}

{{mp|2024 PT|5}}{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{mp|2024 PT|5}}}} is a near-Earth object roughly {{convert|11|m|ft|sp=us}} in diameter discovered by ATLAS South Africa, Sutherland on 7 August 2024, the day before approaching Earth at {{cvt|568500|km|mi}}.

Orbit

The object orbits the Sun but makes slow close approaches to the Earth–Moon system. Between 29 September (19:54 UTC) and 25 November 2024 (16:43 UTC) (a period of {{time interval|2024-09-29|2024-11-25}})[https://phys.org/news/2024-09-earth-capture-moon-weekend-nasa.html Earth to capture a 'second moon' this weekend, NASA says] it passed just outside Earth's Hill sphere (roughly {{convert|0.01|AU|e6km e6mi|abbr=unit|disp=sqbr}}) at a low relative velocity (in the range {{convert|0.002|km/s|mph|abbr=on}} – {{convert|0.439|km/s|mph|abbr=on|disp=sqbr}}) and became temporarily captured by Earth's gravity, with a geocentric orbital eccentricity of less than 1 and negative geocentric orbital energy. The most recent closest approach to Earth was 8 August 2024 at roughly {{cvt|567000|km|mi}} when it had a relative velocity of {{convert|1.37|km/s|mph|abbr=on}}. It also approached Earth on 9 January 2025 at roughly {{cvt|1801158|km|mi}} when it had a relative velocity of {{convert|1.03|km/s|mph|abbr=on}}.

On 18 August 2024 CNEOS removed {{mp|2024 PT|5}} from their Sentry Risk Table, having determined it poses no risk of a potential Earth impact.{{cite web |url=https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/removed.html | title=Sentry: Earth Impact Monitoring |publisher=JPL/CNEOS}}

The object is expected to make another approach in 2055.{{cite web |last1=Dunn |first1=Marcia |title=Earth's 'mini moon' may have been a chunk of our actual moon |url=https://apnews.com/article/earth-mini-moon-adfb22fa82a01d168c1b663acf10eb92 |website=Associated Press |date=24 November 2024 |access-date=25 November 2024}} This object will return to orbit around Earth in 2084 for about 43 days.{{Cite web |author1=Robert Lea |date=2024-11-26 |title=Earth's mini-moon has finally departed. Will it ever return as a 'second moon?' |url=https://www.space.com/goodnight-second-moon-asteroid-2024PT5 |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=Space.com |language=en}}

{{multiple image

| align = left

| caption1 = Around the Earth – Close approach

| direction = horizontal

| footer = {{legend2 | magenta | 2024 PT5 }}{{ · }}{{ legend2 | RoyalBlue | Earth }}{{ · }}{{ legend2 | Darkkhaki | Moon }}

| header = Animation of 2024 PT5

| image1 = animation of 2024 PT5 around Earth - Close approach.gif

| width = 300px

}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 0.9em;" \|+Entering and Exiting Geocentric Orbit ! Epoch ! Earth distance ! Geocentric eccentricity ! Apogee ! Orbital period
2024-Sep-29	{{Convert\|0.0230\|AU\|e6km\|abbr=unit\|lk=on}}	1.016	$\infty$	$\infty$
2024-Sep-30	{{Convert\|0.0232\|AU\|e6km\|abbr=unit\|lk=on}}	0.997	{{Convert\|2.9\|AU\|e6km\|abbr=unit}}	{{Convert\|36468\|day\|year	order=flip}}
2024-Oct-24	{{Convert\|0.0268\|AU\|e6km\|abbr=unit\|lk=on}}	0.614	{{Convert\|0.028\|AU\|e6km\|abbr=unit}}	{{Convert\|493\|day\|year	order=flip}}
2024-Nov-25	{{Convert\|0.0238\|AU\|e6km\|abbr=unit\|lk=on}}	0.983	{{Convert\|0.72\|AU\|e6km\|abbr=unit}}	{{Convert\|46473\|day\|year	order=flip}}
2024-Nov-26	{{Convert\|0.0236\|AU\|e6km\|abbr=unit\|lk=on}}	1.009	$\infty$	$\infty$

Physical properties

Its color indices and the spectrum obtained with Gemini North best matches lunar rock samples followed by S-complex asteroids and has a rotation period of around 0.7h. Its visible spectrum obtained with GTC is consistent with that of an Sv-type asteroid or perhaps lunar ejecta.{{Cite web |author1=Robert Lea |date=2024-11-22 |title=Earth's 'second moon' is just visiting its cosmic parents for Thanksgiving |url=https://www.space.com/earth-second-moon-2024-PT5-asteroid |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=Space.com |language=en}} Its reflectance spectrum in the range {{convert|350-2350|nm|angstrom}} obtained with LDT/IRTF is inconsistent with artificial objects and asteroids, its surface is quite red, well matched by samples of the Moon, both Maria and Highlands. Its spectrum is similar to that of Earth's quasi-satellite 469219 Kamoʻoalewa {{mp|2016 HO|3}} and Earth's minimoon {{mp|2022 NX|1}}.

In January 2025, scientists determined that {{mp|2024 PT|5}} is composed of ejecta from an impact on the Moon and also determined {{mp|2024 PT|5}}'s orbital path was dominantly heliocentric and so should not be considered a minimoon.{{cite journal |last1=Kareta |first1=Theodore |last2=Fuentes-Muñoz |first2=Oscar |last3=Moskovitz |first3=Nicholas |last4=Farnocchia |first4=Davide |last5=Sharkey |first5=Benjamin N. L. |title=On the Lunar Origin of Near-Earth Asteroid 2024 PT5 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters |date=20 January 2025 |volume=979 |issue=1 |pages=L8 |doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ad9ea8|doi-access=free |arxiv=2412.10264 |bibcode=2025ApJ...979L...8K }}

References

{{reflist|refs=

{{cite web

|title=MPEC 2024-P170 : 2024 PT5

|publisher=IAU Minor Planet Center

|date=14 August 2024

|url=http://mpcweb1.cfa.harvard.edu/mpec/K24/K24PH0.html

|accessdate=10 September 2024}} (K24P05T)

{{cite web

|type=last observation: 28 August 2024; arc: 21 days (122 obs)

|title=JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2024 PTR5)

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=2024PT5&view=OPC

|publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory

|accessdate=10 September 2024}}

{{cite web

|title=2024 PT5 Orbit

|work=Minor Planet Center

|url=https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2024+PT5

|accessdate=10 September 2024}}

{{cite journal

|last1=de la Fuente Marcos|first1=Carlos

|last2=de la Fuente Marcos|first2=Raúl

|date=10 September 2024

|title=A Two-month Mini-moon: 2024 PT₅ Captured by Earth from September to November

|journal=Research Notes of the AAS

|volume=8 |issue=9 |pages=224

|arxiv=

|bibcode=2024RNAAS...8..224D

|doi=10.3847/2515-5172/ad781f

|doi-access=free}}

{{cite web

|title=JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris for 2024 PT5 orbit of Earth (geocentric) for September – November 2024

|work=JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System

|publisher=Jet Propulsion Laboratory

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272024+PT5%27&TABLE_TYPE=%27ELEMENTS%27&START_TIME=%272024-Sep-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272024-Nov-30%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&CENTER=%27@399%27&OUT_UNITS=%27AU-D%27

|access-date=10 September 2024}} Geocentric solution. Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements / Center: @399

{{cite web

|title=Horizons Batch for September – November 2024 Geocentric distance

|type=Escaping Earth's Hill Sphere @ ~0.01au

|publisher=JPL Horizons

|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%272024+PT5%27&START_TIME=%272024-Sep-01%27&STOP_TIME=%272024-Nov-30%27&STEP_SIZE=%271%20day%27&QUANTITIES=%2720%27

|accessdate=10 September 2024}} (JPL#2/Soln.date: 2024-Aug-30)

{{cite web

|type=350-2350 nm spectrum

|title=LDT/IRTF reflectance spectrum

|url=https://iawn.net/documents/20240917_19th_virtual/IAWN_2024_Kareta.pdf

|publisher=International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN)

|accessdate=15 November 2024}}

{{cite journal

|last1=de la Fuente Marcos|first1=Raúl

|first2=Julia |last2=de León

|first3=Miquel |last3=Serra-Ricart

|last4=de la Fuente Marcos|first4=Carlos

|last5=Alarcon |first5= Miguel R.

|first6=Javier |last6=Licandro

|last7=Geier |first7=Stefan

|last8=Tejero |first8=Alvaro

|last9=Perez Romero|first9=Alberto

|last10=Perez-Toledo|first10=Fabricio

|first11=Antonio |last11=Cabrera-Lavers

|date=6 February 2025

|title=Basaltic quasi-mini-moon: Characterizing 2024 PT5 with the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias and the Two-meter Twin Telescope

|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters

|volume=694 |issue=1 |pages=L5 (10 pages)

|arxiv=2411.08834

|bibcode=2025A&A...694L...5D

|url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2025/02/aa52713-24/aa52713-24.html

|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202452713

|doi-access=free}}

{{cite journal

|first1 = Bryce T. |last1 = Bolin

|first2 = Larry |last2 = Denneau

|first3 = Laura-May |last3 = Abron

|first4 = Robert |last4 = Jedicke

|first5 = Kristin |last5 = Chiboucas

|first6 = Carl |last6 = Ingerbretsen

|first7 = Brian C. |last7 = Lemaux

|date = 9 January 2025

|title = The Discovery and Characterization of Minimoon 2024 PT₅

|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters

|volume=978 |issue=2 |pages=L37

|arxiv=2411.08029

|bibcode=2025ApJ...978L..37B

|doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ada1d0

|doi-access=free}}

{{cite journal

|first1 = Theodore |last1 = Kareta

|first2 = Oscar |last2 = Fuentes-Muñoz

|first3 = Nicholas |last3 = Moskovitz

|first4 = Davide |last4 = Farnocchia

|first5 = Benjamin N. L. |last5 = Sharkey

|date = 14 January 2025

|title = On the Lunar Origin of Near-Earth Asteroid 2024 PT₅

|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters

|volume=979 |issue=1 |pages=L8

|arxiv=2412.10264

|bibcode=2025ApJ...979L...8K

|doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ad9ea8

|doi-access=free}}

}}

20240807

Category:Minor planet object articles (unnumbered)

20240808

2024 PT5

Orbit

Physical properties

See also

References