25th Special Mission Forces Division

{{Short description|Syrian Army special forces unit}}

{{other uses|Tiger Force (disambiguation)}}

{{Infobox military unit

| unit_name = 25th Special Mission Forces Division

| image = Syrian_commando.png

| image_size =

| caption = Logo of the Syrian Special Forces, used by the 25th Special Mission Forces Division

| dates = 2013–2024{{cite web|title=It was said that 'They all surrendered...|url=https://www.odatv.com/guncel/hepsi-teslim-oldu-denildi-esad-askerleri-ortaya-cikti-en-son-kursun-kendimize-odatv-videolarini-yayimliyor-120075935|website=odatv.com|access-date=29 January 2025|date=11 December 2024|author=Osman Erbil}}

| country = {{flag|Ba'athist Syria}}

| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Armed Forces (1980–2024).svg|size=23px}} Syrian Arab Armed Forces

| branch = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Syrian Arab Army.svg}} Syrian Arab Army

| type = Special forces

| role =

| size = 12,000 soldiers (2022)

| command_structure =

| garrison = Aleppo

| garrison_label =

| nickname = Tiger Forces or Quwwat Al-Nimr (Arabic: قوات النمر)

| motto =

| colors = 80px

| colors_label = Tactical color marking

| march =

| mascot =

| equipment = AK-74M rifles
T-90 tanks
T-72 tanks
T-55 tanks

| equipment_label =

| battles = {{Collapsible list

|bullets = yes

|Syrian Civil War

|Second Battle of the Shaer gas field

|2014 Hama offensive

|2015 Northwestern Syria offensive

|Al-Ghab offensive (July–August 2015)

|2016 Khanasir offensive

|Palmyra offensive (March 2016)

|2016 Hama offensive

|Palmyra offensive (December 2016)

|Palmyra offensive (2017)

|East Aleppo offensive (January–April 2017)

|2017 Hama offensive

|Maskanah Plains offensive

|Southern Raqqa offensive (June 2017)

|Central Syria campaign (2017)

|Hama offensive (September 2017)

|2017 Mayadin offensive

|Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)

|Operation Damascus Steel

|Operation Dawn of Idlib

|Operation Dawn of Idlib II

|Operation Spring Shield

|Battle of Aleppo (2024)

|2024 Hama offensive

|2024 Homs offensive

}}

| anniversaries =

| decorations =

| battle_honours =

| battle_honours_label =

| disbanded =

| website =

| commander1 = Maj. Gen. Saleh Abdullah

| commander1_label = Current Commander

| commander2 = Brig. Gen. Yunis Muhammad

| commander2_label = Deputy Commander & Chief of Staff

| commander3 = Brig. Gen. Yasser Ahmed

| commander3_label = Commander of Assault Troops

| notable_commanders = Maj. Gen. Suheil al-Hassan{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/GregoryPWaters/status/1778891021478436865?t=SvBXGvemN1nttMLQzslaiw&s=19|title=Changes to Syria's special forces this week: Recently appointed Mohamad Saftly moved to command 30th SRG Division. Replaced as head of Special Forces by Suhail Hassan. Suhail replaced as head of 25th Div by former senior Tiger commander, current 30th Div commander Saleh Abdullah.|website=Twitter|access-date=14 April 2024|date=12 April 2024|author=Gregory Waters}}

}}

The 25th Special Mission Forces Division, colloquially known by their former name Tiger Forces ({{langx|ar|قُوَّات النِّمْر}}; Quwwat al-Nimr), was an elite special forces unit, that was part of the Syrian Army under the charge of the commander Major General Saleh Abdullah.{{Cite book |last=Harris |first=William |title=Quicksilver War: Syria, Iraq and the Spiral of Conflict |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2018 |isbn=9780190874872 |location=New York|page=183 |chapter=Glossary}} It was formed in late 2013 and functioned primarily as an offensive unit in the Syrian Civil War.{{Cite book |last=Harris |first=William |title=Quicksilver War: Syria, Iraq and the Spiral of Conflict |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2018 |isbn=9780190874872 |location=New York |page=183 |chapter=Glossary}} It had been described as a "hot commodity for any government offensive", but their relatively small numbers made it difficult to deploy them to multiple fronts at once.{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/exclusive-tiger-forces-to-redeploy-to-northern-hama/|title=Exclusive: Tiger Forces to Redeploy to Northern Hama|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=10 November 2015|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=16 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216013613/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/exclusive-tiger-forces-to-redeploy-to-northern-hama/|url-status=dead}}

Command structure

;25th SMF Division (2023){{Cite web|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/tiger-forces-16th-brigade-russias-evolving-syrian-proxies|title=From Tiger Forces to the 16th Brigade: Russia's evolving Syrian proxies|website=Middle East Institute|author=Gregory Waters|date=12 September 2022|access-date=16 November 2023}}

  • 26th Infantry Brigade[https://twitter.com/SAMSyria0/status/1792833139758284953?t=T8XDyxmDdt8WnYay65519g&s=19 استشهاد العقيد شرف عبدو السلات من مرتبات اللواء 26 مشاة - فرقة 25 مهام خاصة من الجيش العربي السوري أثناء أداء واجبه الوطني في البادية السورية في المعارك ضد تنظيم "د.ا.عش" الإرهابي شرقي محافظة حمص، الشهيد من محافظة إدلب.]
  • 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th Special Forces (Airborne) Regiments
  • 75th Armored Regiment{{Cite web|url=https://x.com/SAMSyria0/status/1845594726021447845?t=OUMHdg4k-f41s1PBbfHC4Q&s=19|title=وصول قوات من الفوج 75 - فرقة 25 🇸🇾 إلى جبهات ريف حلب لتعزيز مواقع الجيش العربي السوري ومواجهة أي تصعيد من التنظيمات-الإرها-بية.}}
  • 78th Armored Regiment{{Cite web|url=https://x.com/SAMSyria0/status/1850178689041899846?t=UilQfsB3qYcBO5omUrjRSQ&s=19|title=ريف إدلب: الفوج 78 | فرقة 25 من الجيش العربي السوري يتصدى لمحاولة مجموعة-إرها-بية التسلل-والاعتداء على النقاط في الخطوط الأمامية وتمكنت الوحدة من-قتـ.ل 4 إرهابيين-وجرح آخرين وفرار من تبقى منهم كما تم التصدي لهجوم إرها-بي بالمسيرات على المناطق الآمنة وتدمير وإسقاط عدد من المسيرات.}}
  • Independent Artillery Regiment

= Organization until 2019 =

According to Gregory Waters of the Middle East Institute in October 2018,{{cite book |last1=Waters |first1=Gregory |title=THE TIGER FORCES |date=October 2018 |publisher=Middle East Institute |page=2,3,6 |url=https://www.mei.edu/sites/default/files/2018-11/TigerForces.pdf |access-date=9 July 2019}} the Tiger Forces used to deploy approximately 24 groups (halfway between a company and a battalion), which organised about 4,000 infantry, as well as an attached artillery regiment and an armoured unit.p. 6 Alongside permanent troops, the Tiger Forces made use of affiliated militia, who remained largely garrisoned in their hometowns until called on to join offensives as the need arose.

== List of subordinate units in 2018 ==

Later reports seemed to suggest an altered internal structure, stating that the unit consisted of the following subunits:{{Cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/images/assets/474/75474/Syrian_army_prepares_for_post-conflict_challenges.pdf|title = Syrian army prepares for post-conflict challenges |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116142820/http://www.janes.com/images/assets/474/75474/Syrian_army_prepares_for_post-conflict_challenges.pdf |archive-date=16 November 2017 |url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/statistical-breakdown-army-losses-recent-southern-raqqa-fighting-isis/|title=A statistical breakdown of army losses in recent southern Raqqa fighting with ISIS|date=31 July 2017|publisher=al-Masdar|access-date=30 December 2017|archive-date=6 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106013838/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/statistical-breakdown-army-losses-recent-southern-raqqa-fighting-isis/|url-status=dead}}

  • Termah (or Tarmeh) Group/Regiment:{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/first-footage-syrian-armys-tiger-forces-destroying-jihadist-militias-hama/|title=First footage of the Syrian Army's Tiger Forces destroying jihadist militias in Hama|date=27 December 2017|publisher=al-Masdar|access-date=30 December 2017|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301155420/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/first-footage-syrian-armys-tiger-forces-destroying-jihadist-militias-hama/|url-status=dead}} according to opposition sources had a strength of about 2,000 troops, recruited from northern Hama.p. 6
  • Taha Group,{{cite web|url=http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13961002000651|title=Farsnews|website=en.farsnews.com|access-date=30 December 2017|archive-date=31 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231103247/http://en.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13961002000651|url-status=dead}} officially "Taha Regiment – Assault." It was an assault unit formed in 2014, and was led by Ali Taha. The unit claimed to have 2,500 active members by mid-2018.{{cite web|url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/2018/05/the-southern-campaign-interview-with-the-tiger |title=The Southern Campaign: Interview with the Tiger Forces' Taha Regiment |author=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi |author-link=Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi |date=7 July 2018 |access-date=9 July 2018}}
  • Yarrob Group/Regiment
  • Shaheen Group/Regiment{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-special-forces-leave-west-palmyra-east-aleppo/|title=Syrian special forces leave west Palmyra for east Aleppo|date=11 February 2017|publisher=al-Masdar|access-date=30 December 2017|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502071455/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-special-forces-leave-west-palmyra-east-aleppo/|url-status=dead}}
  • Shabaat Group/Regiment
  • Al Hawarith Group/Regiment (Navaris Group)https://www.facebook.com/SYRIAN.SYriaRealInfosAndNews/videos/syrian-armys-tiger-forces_-history-and-capabilities/348833845868494/ {{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}
  • Zaydar Group/Regiment
  • Al Shabbour Group/Regiment
  • Al-Komeet Group/Regiment{{Cite news|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/large-number-syrian-army-reinforcements-sent-idlib/|title=Large number of Syrian Army reinforcements sent to Idlib|date=2018-01-16|work=AMN – Al-Masdar News {{!}} المصدر نيوز|access-date=2018-01-16|language=en-US|archive-date=9 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009113245/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/large-number-syrian-army-reinforcements-sent-idlib/|url-status=dead}}
  • Al-Luyouth Group/Regiment (Shadi Group)
  • Hayder Group/Regiment
  • Raqqa Hawks Brigade{{cite web|url=https://www.almodon.com/print/607ac4ab-1f1e-41e5-95e1-487ce7b405af/123f47f0-c9d5-4122-95fa-550c9a5caf22 |title=السويداء: "فاطميون" و"النمر" و"حزب الله" لقيادة معركة درعا |trans-title=As-Suwayda: Fatimion, Al-Nimr and Hezbollah to lead the battle of Daraa |work=Almodon |language=ar |date=26 June 2018 |access-date=11 August 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.almodon.com/arabworld/2019/5/17/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B4 |title=ريف حماة: مليشيات النظام مشغولة بالتعفيش! |trans-title=Hama countryside: the regime's militias are busy with Altafish! |work=Almodon |language=ar |date=17 May 2019 |access-date=11 August 2018}} (not to be confused with the Syrian Democratic Forces' Raqqa Hawks Brigade)

The Tiger Forces consisted of as many as 24 subgroups of varying size. Tiger Forces groups/subunits were founded by prominent individuals who often also served as commanders of a particular group (the group often bearing the name of the individual who founded and/or commanded the group). The Tiger Forces regular groups had local defensive units, as well as operational units which deployed across the country.p. 6 According Gregory Waters, the operational units outside standing groups made up one-and-a-half to two brigades.p. 6

== Cheetah Forces ==

Cheetah Forces{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/cheetah-forces-capture-30km-of-territory-from-isis-in-east-aleppo-kuweires-airport-within-sight/|title=Cheetah Forces Capture 30km of Territory from ISIS in East Aleppo: Kuweires Airport Within Sight|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=19 October 2015|access-date=18 February 2016|archive-date=20 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720141901/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/cheetah-forces-capture-30km-of-territory-from-isis-in-east-aleppo-kuweires-airport-within-sight/|url-status=dead}} or Qawat al-Fahoud ({{lang|ar|قوات الفهود}}){{cite web|url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/194054/379_Bodansky.pdf |title=The Russian Deployment in Syria and Iraq Makes Its Presence Felt |website=Files.ethz.ch |access-date=2017-06-23}} as of October 2018 was the largest sub-unit of the Tiger Forces.p. 8 The Cheetah Forces was subdivided into as many as 14 Company-level units: Cheetah 1 to Cheetah 10, Cheetah 15, Cheetah 16, Cheetah 41 and the 2nd Storming Battalion (Rami Hamadi Group).p. 8 Cheetah 6 were the first soldiers that ended the 35-month long Relieving of Kuweires Military Airbase,{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-advance-in-southern-and-eastern-aleppo-latest-map-update/|title=Syrian Army and Hezbollah Advance in Southern and Eastern Aleppo – Latest Map Update|author=Chris Tomson|work=Al-Masdar News|date=11 November 2015|access-date=18 February 2016|archive-date=20 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180720111208/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-and-hezbollah-advance-in-southern-and-eastern-aleppo-latest-map-update/|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/cheetah-forces-lift-the-three-year-long-siege-of-the-kuweires-military-airbase/|title=Cheetah Forces Lift the Three Year Long Siege of the Kuweires Military Airbase|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=10 November 2015|access-date=18 February 2016}} while Cheetah 3 along with the Desert Hawks Brigade completed the East Aleppo ISIS encirclement.{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/tiger-forces-complete-the-east-aleppo-encirclement-800-isis-fighters-trapped/|title=Tiger Forces complete the east Aleppo encirclement: 800+ ISIS fighters trapped|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=20 February 2016|access-date=20 February 2016|archive-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010010014/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/tiger-forces-complete-the-east-aleppo-encirclement-800-isis-fighters-trapped/|url-status=dead}}

The commander of the Cheetah Forces was Brigadier General Ali Ahmed Kna’an al-Hajjip. 11 and the deputy commander was Colonel Lu’ayy Sleitan.

== Panther Forces ==

Panther Forces{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-air-force-hammers-isis-east-homs-syrian-army-advances-palmyra/|title=Russian Air Force hammers ISIS' oil routes in east Homs as the Syrian Army advances on Palmyra|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=5 March 2016|access-date=6 June 2016|archive-date=24 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124001551/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-air-force-hammers-isis-east-homs-syrian-army-advances-palmyra/|url-status=dead}} – According to Leith Fadel in 2016, the commander was Colonel Ali Shaheen,{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-cancels-palmyra-deir-ezzor-offensive/|title=Syrian Army cancels the Palmyra-Deir Ezzor offensive|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=18 April 2016|access-date=6 June 2016|archive-date=24 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124223557/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-cancels-palmyra-deir-ezzor-offensive/|url-status=dead}} and they were involved in the Palmyra offensive (March 2016), where they were redeployed to another front after it was over. According to Waters, the "Panther Groups" were actually the Cheetahs, and were not commanded by Ali Shaheen, who instead commanded the Leouth Groups.{{cite web |url= https://international-review.org/tiger-forces-part-1-the-war-crimes-of-the-cheetah-groups/ |title=Tiger Forces, Part 1: The War Crimes of the "Cheetah" Groups |first=Gregory |last=Waters |date=23 July 2018 |work=International Review |access-date=4 August 2018}}

== Armour and artillery units ==

The Tiger Forces had a dedicated artillery regiment (led by Lieutenant Colonel Dourid Awad) and an armoured unit; both the artillery and armoured units appeared to be distinct entities within the Tiger Forces.p. 6

Both the artillery and armoured units were independent from other groups, reporting directly to the Tiger Forces’ command. The size of the armoured unit was unknown.

Combat history

The special forces unit was formed during the Syrian civil war.

According to Gregory Waters, the Tiger Forces were operated by the Air Force Intelligence Directorate.p. 2{{Cite web|url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/mena/2016/11/30/assad-regime-militias-and-shiite-jihadis-in-the-syrian-civil-war/|title = Assad Regime Militias and Shi'ite Jihadis in the Syrian Civil War|date=30 November 2016}} After successful operations in Latakia and Hama,p. 2 Colonel Suheil al-Hassan was tasked a special project by the Syrian Armed Forces Central Command in the fall of 2013—to train and lead a Special Forces unit that would work primarily as an offensive unit. Colonel Hassan handpicked many of the soldiers that would later form the Tiger Forces.{{cite web|url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/colonel-suheil-al-hassan-tiger-forces/|title=Who is Colonel Suheil al-Hassan of the Tiger Forces?|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=26 February 2015|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612190401/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/colonel-suheil-al-hassan-tiger-forces/|url-status=dead}} Initially, the unit was formed by recruiting personnel from the 53rd Regiment (part of Special Forces Command) and the 14th Special Forces Division, on the other hand, heavy equipment was supplied by the 4th and 11th Divisions.{{Cite web|url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/lion-and-eagle-syrian-arab-armys-destruction-and-rebirth|title = The Lion and the Eagle: The Syrian Arab Army's Destruction and Rebirth}}

On 25 December 2015, Suheil al-Hassan was promoted to major general after refusing to be brigadier general the year before.{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/tiger-forces-commander-promoted-to-major-general/|title=Prominent Tiger Forces Commander Promoted to Major General|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=15 December 2015|access-date=5 June 2016|archive-date=17 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717055009/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/tiger-forces-commander-promoted-to-major-general/|url-status=dead}} He played a key role in commanding Syrian troops during the 2016 Aleppo campaign. The Tiger Forces were tasked with cutting the key rebel supply lines to Aleppo city.

In early spring 2015, following Syrian government's loss of the city of Idlib, the unit was reorganised.p. 3 The Tiger Forces were one of few in the Syrian Army to first deploy Russian T-90 tanks,{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/tiger-forces-mobilize-t-90-tanks-upcoming-aleppo-offensive/|title=Tiger Forces mobilize T-90 tanks for upcoming Aleppo offensive|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=28 May 2016|access-date=7 June 2016|archive-date=30 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630023613/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/tiger-forces-mobilize-t-90-tanks-upcoming-aleppo-offensive/|url-status=dead}} others being the 4th Armoured Division and Desert Hawks Brigade.{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/convoy-of-russian-t-90-tanks-arrive-in-southern-aleppo/|title=Convoy of Russian T-90 tanks arrive in southern Aleppo|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=23 January 2016|access-date=8 June 2016|archive-date=30 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630090036/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/convoy-of-russian-t-90-tanks-arrive-in-southern-aleppo/|url-status=dead}}{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-syrian-army-deploys-t-90-tanks-battle-aleppo/|title=VIDEO: Syrian Army deploys T-90 tanks in the battle for Aleppo|author=Chris Tomson|work=Al-Masdar News|date=31 October 2016|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812022426/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-syrian-army-deploys-t-90-tanks-battle-aleppo/|url-status=dead}} A Russian-supplied Rys LMV was seen after defeating ISIL in the village of Ayn Al-Hanish in the Dayr Hafir Plains.{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/tiger-forces-continue-encirclement-of-isis-in-east-aleppo/|title=Tiger Forces continue encirclement of ISIS in east Aleppo|author=Leith Fadel|work=Al-Masdar News|date=26 January 2016|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812022409/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/tiger-forces-continue-encirclement-of-isis-in-east-aleppo/|url-status=dead}}

The most famous and effective tactic of the Tiger Forces was probing the enemy from multiple axes to find a weak spot, then sending a large mechanized force to that area to capture many villages at once.{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-verge-kicking-isis-aleppo-province-map-update/|title=Syrian Army on verge of kicking ISIS out of Aleppo province: Map Update|author=Izat Charkatli|work=Al-Masdar News|date=24 May 2017|access-date=11 August 2017|archive-date=12 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812024149/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-verge-kicking-isis-aleppo-province-map-update/|url-status=dead}} According to Gregory Waters, they ultimately reported to Major General Jamil Hassan, the director of the country's Air Force Intelligence Directorate.

In September/October 2018, reports indicated that between 6,500 and 8,000 Tiger Forces members would be demobilized.{{cite web|url=https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2018/09/source-the-tiger-cancels-the-contracts-of-6500-of-its-troops-throughout-syria/|title=Source: The "Tiger" Cancels the Contracts of 6500 of Its Troops throughout Syria|date=20 September 2018|publisher=Enab Baladi}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=104307|title=As large reinforcements are sent to the west of Euphrates and preparations underway for the demobilization of thousands of Tiger Troops, the Syrian regime's head issues a decree to fill the forces of its army |publisher=The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights|date=9 October 2018}} It was reported that the unit worked closely with Russian KSSO units, the latter acting as advisors.{{sfn|Neville|2019|p=194}}

= Renaming and reorganization =

On 29 August 2019, the Syrian Ministry of Defense reorganized the unit, renaming it from Tiger Forces to 25th Special Mission Forces Division and placing it under the Syrian Army's central command, while keeping Maj. Gen. Suheil al-Hassan as its commanding officer.{{Cite web|url=https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1878961/assad-disbands-makhlouf-militias-renames-tiger-forces|title=Assad Disbands Makhlouf Militias, Renames 'Tiger Forces'|website=Asharq AL-awsat|language=en|access-date=2019-08-31}}{{cite web|url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-begins-2nd-phase-of-idlib-offensive-several-areas-captured/|title=Syrian Army begins 2nd phase of Idlib offensive, several areas captured|work=Al-Masdar News|date=14 November 2019|access-date=14 November 2019|archive-date=15 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015053248/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-begins-2nd-phase-of-idlib-offensive-several-areas-captured/|url-status=dead}} In March 2022, the Wagner Group began recruiting ex-members of the 25th Special Mission Forces Division so that they could fight for Russia in the Russo-Ukrainian War, which was later denied.{{cite web |title=Russia's Broken Steamroller: Why the Structure of the Russian Army Prevents Victory in Ukraine |author=Andrew McGregor |website=Aberfoyle International Security |url=https://www.aberfoylesecurity.com/?p=4839 |date=7 April 2022 |access-date=14 April 2022 }} Nine soldiers from this unit were killed as mercenaries in Ukraine as of November 2022. https://www.syriahr.com/en/344109/

In April 2024, Maj. Gen. Suheil al-Hassan was replaced as head of 25th Division by former senior Tiger Forces commander, former 30th Division commander Maj. Gen. Saleh Abdullah.

= Fall of the Assad regime =

When the Syrian opposition launched a series of major offensives in late 2024, the 25th Division was among the few loyalist units which tried to stem the rebel advance.{{cite web | url = https://www.crisisgroup.org/middle-east-north-africa/east-mediterranean-mena/syria/syrias-north-western-front-erupts| title = Syria's North-western Front Erupts | website = Crisis Group| date = 5 December 2024| access-date = 13 December 2024}} The division was deployed to Aleppo, where it joined the unsuccessful defense of the city.{{cite news |title=The Backstory Behind the Fall of Aleppo |url=https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/the-backstory-behind-the-fall-of-aleppo/ |author1=Hassan Hassan |author2=Michael Weiss |publisher=New Lines Magazine |date=2 December 2024 |access-date=21 December 2024}}{{cite web |title=Insurgents' attack on Assad-controlled Aleppo revives Syrian war after five-year truce |url=https://ca.news.yahoo.com/insurgents-attack-assad-controlled-aleppo-153917596.html |author=Sergio Cantone |website=yahoo News |date=29 November 2024 |access-date=25 December 2022 }} On 30 November 2024, the unit was redeployed to stop the Tahrir al-Sham and the Syrian National Army in their 2024 Hama offensive.{{Cite web|url=https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/wk1v6zn|title=Military reinforcements to Hama|website=EREM Media FZ LLC|language=ar|access-date=2024-11-30}} On December 4, 2024 rebels captured a base of the 25th SMFD in Hama.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czeng98w7r5o|title=Syrian government forces and rebels battle outside key city of Hama|website=BBC|language=en|access-date=2024-12-05}}

Following the fall of the Assad regime, 25th Division member Talal Dakkak, who had previously "fed prisoners to President's pet lion", was captured and executed by a pro-opposition militia in Hama.{{cite web |title=Infamous Syrian 'Tiger Forces' member who fed Assad's prisoners to pet lion 'publicly executed by rebels' |url=https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/elite-syrian-tiger-forces-member-fed-prisoners-to-assads-pet-lion/ |author=Danielle de Wolfe |website=LBC |date=11 December 2024 |access-date=25 December 2022 }} The whereabouts of division commander Suhayl al-Hasan initially remained unknown.{{cite web |title=Bashar al-Assad’s inner circle: Who are they and where are they now? |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bashar-al-assads-inner-circle-who-are-they-and-where-are-they-now/ |author=Bassem Mroue |website=Times of Israel |date=13 December 2024 |access-date=25 December 2022 }} Followers of al-Hasan subsequently became involved in a Ba'athist insurgency.{{cite web|url=https://www.syriahr.com/en/352265/ |title= Armed clashes. 14 members of the General Security Forces killed in Tartous countryside |work=SOHR|date=25 December 2024 |access-date=26 December 2024}}

See also

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

=Bibliography=

  • {{cite book |title=The Elite: The A–Z of Modern Special Operations Forces|last=Neville|first=Leigh|year=2019|publisher=Osprey Publishing|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1472824295}}

Further reading

  • Al-Souria News [http://syrianobserver.com/EN/Who/30197/Who_Who_Suheil_Al_Hassan Who's Who: Suheil Al-Hassan], Syrian Observer, Nov 25th, 2015
  • Sam Dagher [https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/03/who-is-russias-favorite-syrian-warlord/554774/ Russia's Favorite Syrian Warlord: Brigadier General Suheil al-Hassan has won over Putin and played a central role in the assault on eastern Ghouta], The Atlantic 3 March 2018
  • Lucas Winter [http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/suheil-al-hassan-and-the-syrian-army%E2%80%99s-tiger-forces Suheil al-Hassan and the Syrian Army’s Tiger Forces], Small Wars Journal

{{Syrian security forces}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}

Category:Pro-Assad factions of the Syrian civil war

Category:Military units and formations established in 2013

Category:Special forces of Syria

Category:Divisions of Syria

Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 2024