2 Chronicles 20

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language and is divided into 37 verses.

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=36-37}}

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^B; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; $\backslash mathfrak\{G\}$^A; 5th century).{{sfn|Würthwein|1995|pp=73-74}}{{efn|The whole book of 2 Chronicles is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.{{Cite book |last=Würthwein |first=Ernst |title=Der Text des Alten Testaments |publisher=Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft |edition=2nd |place=Stuttgart |year=1988 |url= |page=85 |isbn= 3-438-06006-X}}{{Cite book |last=Swete |first=Henry Barclay |authorlink= Henry Barclay Swete |title= An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek |publisher= Macmillan and Co. |location=Cambridge |year=1902 |url= https://archive.org/stream/anintrotooldtes00swetuoft#page/128/mode/2up |pages= 129–130}}{{Catholic Encyclopedia|wstitle= Codex Sinaiticus}}}}

• {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|20:6|9}}: {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|4:39|9}}; {{bibleverse|1 Chronicles|29:11|9}}[https://biblehub.com/hcsb/2_chronicles/20.htm 2 Chronicles 20 Holman Christian Standard Bible]. Biblehub
• {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|20:7|9}}: {{bibleverse|Psalm|135:10–12|9}}; {{bibleverse|Isaiah|41:8|9}}
• {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|20:9|9}}: {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|6:20|9}}, {{bibleverse-nb|2 Chronicles|6:28–30|9}}
• {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|20:10|9}}: {{bibleverse|Numbers|20:14–21|9}}; {{bibleverse|Deuteronomy|2:4–9|9}}; {{bibleverse|2 Chronicles|20:1,22|9}}

This section contains the battle report of Jehoshaphat against the southeastern Transjordanian coalition of powers, but it was exclusively a sacral war (verse 15: "the battle is not yours, but God's") as the enemies destroyed themselves and the people of Judah only came to sing and pick up the spoils of war.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=294}}{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=643 Hebrew Bible}} Informed about the invasion of a huge enemy, Jehoshaphat resorted to prayer (verses 6–12), which was also called a 'national lament' (echoing Solomon's prayer in 2 Chronicles 6:28, 34), addressing YHWH as 'O LORD, God of our ancestors' and 'the ruler of all peoples who gave the Israelites their land'.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=295}}{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=644 Hebrew Bible}} YHWH ordered Israel not to attack these Transjordanian neighbors (Deuteronomy 2), but as they attacked, Jehoshaphat appealed to YHWH for their expulsion from his land.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=295}} Jahaziel, a Levitical singer, served as the designated priest to proclaim God's assurance of victory (cf. Deuteronomy 20:2-4; 1 Chronicles 25:1-8), as a result of faith in God, quoting both Moses (Exodus 14:13-14) and David (1 Samuel 7:47).{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=644 Hebrew Bible}} As previous sacral wars, 'the fear of God descends upon all the kingdoms of the countries' (cf. Exodus 15:14-16; Deuteronomy 2:25; 11:25; Joshua 2:9, 11, 24; 10:1-2; 1 Samuel 4:7-8; 14:15; 1 Chronicles 14:7; 2 Chronicles 14:13).{{sfn|Coogan|2007|pp=644–645 Hebrew Bible}} Jehoshaphat, all Judeans and the citizens of Jerusalem reacted joyfully by worshipping YHWH (verses 18–19) followed by the Levites, who sang praises to God, even before the salvation happened.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=295}} The entire action of God (verse 20) took place early in the morning (that is, the time at which God usually acted), leaving no survivor among the enemy armies and the largest spoils in the entire Hebrew Bible (taking three days to collect).{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=295}} The war ended where it began, in the temple of Jerusalem (verses 26–28) and with music (verses 29–30, cf. 17:10; typical for the Chronicles).{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=295}} As fear of YHWH struck not only Judah's neighboring kingdoms, but also all the kingdoms in the region, Judah was in peace as a reward for the nation's exemplary conduct.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=295}}

Jehoshaphat second misstep happened at the end of his reign that he again worked together with another king of northern kingdom (Ahaziah the son of Ahab).{{sfn|Coogan|2007|p=645 Hebrew Bible}} Despite a warning given through a prophet, Jehoshaphat went on with his alliance and therefore was condemned to failure, although this (as well as the previous misstep) did not affect the positive judgement for his reign.{{sfn|Mathys|2007|p=296}}

:And Jehoshaphat reigned over Judah. He was thirty-five years old when he began his reign, and he was king in Jerusalem for twenty-five years. The name of his mother was Azubah the daughter of Shilhi.{{bibleref2|2 Chronicles|20:36|MEV}} MEV

• Cross reference: 1 Kings 22:41–42
• "Twenty-five years": in Thiele's chronology (improved by McFall), Jehoshaphat became coregent in Tishrei (September) 873 BCE (Thiele has 872 BCE, on the 39th year of Asa, his father), and starting to rule as a sole king between September 870 and April 869 BCE (when Asa died) until his death between April and September 848 BCE.{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc=no. 19}} It is not clear whether Jehoshaphat was 35 years of age when he became coregent or when he became king; his age of death would be at 59 if the former, or at 56 if the latter.{{sfn|McFall|1991|loc=no. 19}}

:And he allied himself with him to make ships to go to Tarshish, and they made the ships in Ezion Geber.{{bibleref2|2 Chronicles|20:36|NKJV}} NKJV

• Cross references: {{bibleverse|1 Kings|22:48-49|9}}
• "Ships to go to Tarshish": is a phrase which may mean "vessels built for long sea-voyages", because according to 1 Kings, the ships were built “to go to Ophir for gold” (1 Kings 22:48; cf. 2 Chronicles 8:18; 1 Kings 9:28; 1 Kings 10:11; Psalm 45:9), possibly referring to "India".Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/ellicott/2_chronicles/20.htm Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 2 Chronicles 20.] London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019. This interpretation is more logical because Ezion-Geber was a port on the Red Sea for vessels sailing eastward, while Tarshish (identified as Tartessos in the Iberian Peninsula{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=73&letter=T&search=tarshish |chapter=Tarshish |title=Jewish Encyclopedia |editor1-link=Isidore Singer |editor1=Singer, Isidore |editor2-link=M. Seligsohn |editor2=Seligsohn, M.}}) was in the west.Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/2_chronicles/20.htm 2 Chronicles 20]. Accessed 28 April 2019

{{columns-list|colwidth=22em|

• Abraham
• Ahab
• Ahaziah
• Ammon
• Book of Jehu
• Ein Gedi
• Hanani
• Jehu (prophet)
• Jerusalem
• Kohen
• Mitzvah
• Moab
• Mount Ephraim
• Mount Seir
• Levite
• Torah
• Ziz}}
• Related Bible parts: Deuteronomy 4, Numbers 20, 1 Kings 3, 1 Kings 22, 2 Chronicles 16, 2 Chronicles 17, Psalm 135

{{notelist}}

{{reflist}}

• {{Cite book | last= Ackroyd | first= Peter R |chapter = Chronicles, Books of

|editor1-last = Metzger |editor1-first = Bruce M

|editor1-link = Bruce M. Metzger

|editor2-last = Coogan |editor2-first = Michael D |title = The Oxford Companion to the Bible

|publisher = Oxford University Press |year = 1993 |isbn = 978-0195046458 | pages= 113–116}}

• {{Cite book | last= Bennett | first= William|title = The Expositor's Bible: The Books of Chronicles|publisher = Litres|year = 2018 |isbn = 978-5040825196 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZo3DwAAQBAJ }}
• {{cite book|last= Coogan|first = Michael David| authorlink= Michael D. Coogan |title = The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 |editor-last1=Coogan |editor-first1=Michael David |editor-first2=Marc Zvi |editor-last2= Brettler |editor-first3=Carol Ann |editor-last3= Newsom |editor-first4= Pheme |editor-last4= Perkins |edition= Augmented 3rd |publisher = Oxford University Press |year =2007 |isbn = 9780195288810 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ}}
• {{cite book|last= Mabie | first= Frederick | chapter = I. The Chronicler's Genealogical Survey of All Israel | title= 1 and 2 Chronicles |series = The Expositor's Bible Commentary | editor-first1= Tremper | editor-last1=Longman III | editor-first2=David E | editor-last2= Garland | publisher = Zondervan | date = 2017 | pages = 267–308 | isbn = 978-0310531814 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=E8ESDgAAQBAJ | access-date=December 6, 2019}}
• {{cite book|last= Mathys | first= H. P. | chapter = 14. 1 and 2 Chronicles | title=The Oxford Bible Commentary | editor-first1=John | editor-last1=Barton |editor1-link = John Barton (theologian) | editor-first2=John| editor-last2= Muddiman |editor2-link = John Muddiman | publisher = Oxford University Press |edition= first (paperback) | date = 2007 | pages = 267–308 | isbn = 978-0199277186 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ| access-date=February 6, 2019}}
• {{citation | url = http://www.btinternet.com/~lmf12/TransGuide.pdf | first = Leslie | last = McFall | title = Translation Guide to the Chronological Data in Kings and Chronicles |journal = Bibliotheca Sacra |volume= 148 |year = 1991| page = 3-45 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100827065339/http://www.btinternet.com/%7Elmf12/TransGuide.pdf | url-status = dead | archivedate = 2010-08-27}}
• Thiele, Edwin R., The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, (1st ed.; New York: Macmillan, 1951; 2d ed.; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1965; 3rd ed.; Grand Rapids: Zondervan/Kregel, 1983). {{isbn|9780825438257}}
• {{cite book | last = Würthwein | first = Ernst | author-link = Ernst Würthwein | title = The Text of the Old Testament | publisher = William B. Eerdmans |location = Grand Rapids, MI | year= 1995 | translator-first1 = Erroll F.| translator-last1 = Rhodes |isbn = 0-8028-0788-7 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC | access-date= January 26, 2019}}

• Jewish translations:
• [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16569 Divrei Hayamim II - II Chronicles - Chapter 20 (Judaica Press)] in Hebrew and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
• Christian translations:
• [http://www.gospelhall.org/bible/bible.php?passage=2+Chronicles+20 Online Bible at GospelHall.org] (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
• [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=14&chapter=20&version=9 2 Chronicles Chapter 20. Bible Gateway]

{{Second Book of Chronicles}}

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