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33rd (Western) Anti-Aircraft Brigade

{{Redirect|33rd Anti-Aircraft Brigade|the post-war brigade of the same name|37th Anti-Aircraft Brigade (United Kingdom)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}

{{Infobox military unit

|unit_name=33rd (Western) Anti-Aircraft Brigade
59 Anti-Aircraft Brigade

|image=

|caption=

|dates=1 November 1936 – 31 October 1955

|country={{flag|United Kingdom}}

|allegiance=

|branch=23px Territorial Army

|type=Anti-Aircraft Brigade

|role=Air Defence

|size=

|command_structure=2nd AA Division
4th AA Division
4 AA Group

|current_commander=

|garrison=Chester
Liverpool
Warrington

|ceremonial_chief=

|colonel_of_the_regiment=

|nickname=

|patron=

|motto=

|colors=

|march=

|mascot=

|battles=The Blitz

|notable_commanders=

|anniversaries=

}}

The 33rd (Western) Anti-Aircraft Brigade was an air defence formation of Anti-Aircraft Command of the Territorial Army, part of the British Army, formed shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War. It defended Merseyside and West Lancashire during The Blitz.

Origin

The 33rd (Western) Anti-Aircraft Group (later Brigade) was formed on 1 November 1936 at the Drill Hall, Chester, as part of 2nd AA Division, with the following AA units of the Royal Artillery (RA) and Royal Engineers (RE) under command:Frederick, pp. 1049–51.{{Cite web |url=http://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk/webeasycms/hold/uploads/bmh_document_pdf/2-Anti-Aircraft-Division-1936-38-.pdf |title=2 AA Division 1936 at British Military History |access-date=2014-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194854/http://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk/webeasycms/hold/uploads/bmh_document_pdf/2-Anti-Aircraft-Division-1936-38-.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-23 |url-status=dead }}

The 33rd AA Brigade was reassigned to 4th AA Division when that formation was created in Western Command on 1 September 1938. AA Command took over all TA air defences in 1939. From its formation, 33 AA Bde was commanded by Brigadier R.S. Ellis. By early 1939 its headquarters was at 'Crossacres', Woolton, Liverpool.Monthly Army Lists 1937–39.Farndale, Annex J.

Second World War

=Mobilisation=

AA Command mobilised in August 1939, and its units were already at their war stations on the outbreak of war on 3 September 1939. 33rd AA Brigade was responsible for the air defence of Liverpool and West Lancashire, controlling the following units:[http://www.patriotfiles.com/index.php?name=Sections&req=viewarticle&artid=6697&page=1 AA Command 3 September 1939 at Patriot Files]Routledge, Table LVIII, p. 376; Table LX, p. 378.

File:Liverpool Blitz D 5983.jpg in foreground, the burned-out shell of the Custom House in middle distance]]

File:Liverpool Blitz D 5984.jpg

=Phoney War and Battle of Britain=

During the early part of the war the brigade's searchlight regiments were transferred to other formations and were replaced by new HAA and Light Anti-Aircraft (LAA) regiments. By the end of the Battle of Britain 33 AA Bde had the following units under command:{{Cite web |url=http://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk/webeasycms/hold/uploads/bmh_document_pdf/4-Anti-Aircraft-Division-1940-.pdf |title=4 AA Div 1940 at British Military History |access-date=2014-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923194915/http://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk/webeasycms/hold/uploads/bmh_document_pdf/4-Anti-Aircraft-Division-1940-.pdf |archive-date=2015-09-23 |url-status=dead }}[https://ra39-45.co.uk/units/air-defence-great-britain/4-anti-aircraft-division 4 AA Div at RA 39–45]Routledge, Table LXV, p. 396.Farndale, Annex D, p. 258.

  • 103 HAA Regiment – formed May 1940[https://ra39-45.co.uk/units/heavy-anti-aircraft-regiments/103-heavy-anti-aircraft-regiment-rata 103 HAA Rgt at RA 39–45]Farndale, Annex M.
  • 106 HAA Regiment – formed August 1940[https://ra39-45.co.uk/units/heavy-anti-aircraft-regiments/106-heavy-anti-aircraft-regiment-rata 106 HAA Rgt at RA 39–45]
  • 33 LAA Regiment (132 LAA Battery) – from Western Command at Liverpool{{Cite web |url=https://ra39-45.co.uk/units/light-anti-aircraft-regiments/33-light-anti-aircraft-regiment-rata |title=33 LAA Rgt at RA 39–45}}
  • 42 LAA Regiment – formed September 1939 from batteries of 17 and 36 LAA Regts[https://ra39-45.co.uk/units/light-anti-aircraft-regiments/42-light-anti-aircraft-regiment-rata 42 LAA Rgt at RA 39–45]
  • Part of 65 LAA Regiment – formed November 1940{{Cite web |url=https://ra39-45.co.uk/units/light-anti-aircraft-regiments/65-light-anti-aircraft-regiment-rata |title=65 LAA Rgt at RA 39–45}}

=The Blitz=

While the Battle of Britain raged over the skies of Southern England by day, there were also night raids on industrial cities, and Liverpool was heavily attacked for four nights in a row from 28 August.Routledge, Table LXII, p. 379–80; p. 385. The night raids continued into the following Spring, during which period the city and its docks along the Mersey became the most heavily bombed area of Britain outside London. The campaign became known as the Liverpool Blitz, with particularly heavy attacks at Christmas 1940 (the Christmas Blitz), in April 1941, and again in May (the May Blitz).Routledge, pp. 394–5.{{Cite web|url=http://historyofliverpool.com/liverpool-blitz/|title = Liverpool Blitz - Visual Story of the May 1941 bombings}}

==Order of Battle 1940–41==

By the end of the Blitz the brigade had the following units under command:Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 12 May 1941, with amendments, The National Archives (TNA), Kew, file WO 212/79.

  • 1st HAA Rgt – Regular Army mobile regiment, transferred from 1st AA Bde at Crewe; part of War Office ReserveOrder of Battle of the Field Force in the United Kingdom, Part 3: Royal Artillery (Non-Divisional Units), 25 March 1941, TNA file WO 212/5.
  • 1, 2, 17 HAA Btys
  • 1 HAA Rgt Signals Section, Royal Corps of Signals (RCS)
  • 1 HAA Rgt Section, RASC
  • 1 HAA Rgt Workshop, Royal Army Ordnance Corps
  • 93rd HAA Rgt
  • 267, 288, 289, 290 HAA Btys
  • 103rd HAA Rgt
  • 322, 323, 324 HAA Btys
  • 420 Bty (joined between 27 June and 11 July 1941)
  • 107th HAA Rgt – new unit formed September 1940, partly from 103rd HAA Rgt
  • 334, 335, 337, 390 HAA Btys
  • 33rd LAA Rgt
  • 67, 68, 132 LAA Btys
  • 4th AA 'Z' Rgt – new unit equipped with Z Battery rocket projectors, formed in 4 AA Division September 1940
  • 104, 108, 122, 132, 139 Z Btys

=Mid-War=

File:4th AA div (1).svg

The Blitz ended in May 1941, but occasional raids continued.[https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38149/page/5973 Pile's despatch.][http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-Defence-UK/UK-DefenseOfUK-17.html Collier, Chapter XVII.] Newly formed units joining AA Command were increasingly 'mixed' ones into which women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service were integrated. Some of these were armed with Z Battery rocket projectiles that were partly manned by members of the Home Guard. At the same time, experienced units were posted away for service overseas. This continual turnover of units accelerated in 1942 with the preparations for Operation Torch and the need to relocate guns to counter the Baedeker Blitz and the Luftwaffe{{'}}s hit-and-run attacks against South Coast towns.Routledge, pp. 399–404.

==Order of Battle 1941–42==

During this period the division was composed as follows (temporary detachments omitted):Farndale, Annex M.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 2 December 1941, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/80.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 14 May 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/81.

  • 1st HAA Rgt – as above; to Northern Ireland July 1941
  • 93rd HAA Rgt – as above; to 44 AA Bde June 1942
  • 267, 288, 289 HAA Btys
  • 95th HAA Rgt – joined September 1942; left for India October 1942Joslen, p. 521.
  • 204, 293, 240 HAA Btys
  • 103rd HAA Rgt – as above; left for mobile training May 1942
  • 322, 323, 324 HAA Btys
  • 420 HAA Bty – joined July 1941; left April 1942
  • 107th HAA Rgt – as above; left December 1941
  • 117th HAA Rgt – joined autumn, to 70 AA Bde December 1941, returned May, left for Orkney and Shetland Defences (OSDEF) late August 1942
  • 370, 371 HAA Btys
  • 358 Bty – joined May, left July 1942
  • 369, 392 HAA Btys – left early August 1942
  • 137th (Mixed) HAA Rgt – new unit formed November, joined December 1941, to 1 AA Group October 1942
  • 476, 481 (M) HA Btys
  • 477 (M) HAA Bty – to 142nd (Mixed) HAA Rgt January 1942
  • 487 (M) HAA Bty – from 142nd (M) HAA Rgt January 1942

File:Mobile Z battery 1941 IWM H 10791.jpg launcher.]]

  • 149th (Mixed) HAA Rgt – new unit formed February, joined April 1942
  • 506, 507, 512 (M) HAA Btys
  • 154th (Mixed) HAA Rgt – new unit formed March, joined May 1942
  • 522, 526 (M) HAA Btys
  • 560 (M) HAA Bty – joined June 1942
  • 550 (M) HAA Bty – joined August 1942
  • 29th LAA Rgt – joined autumn 1941, to 10 AA Division February 1942
  • 108, 121, 237 LAA Btys
  • 33rd LAA Rgt – as above; to 2 AA Division autumn 1941
  • 63rd LAA Rgt – from 70 AA Bde August 1942
  • 188, 189, 190, 457 LAA Btys
  • 98th LAA Rgt – new unit formed December 1941, joined February, to 5 AA Division May 1942
  • 304, 305, 306, 481 LAA Btys
  • 134th LAA Rgt – new unit formed February, joined June, to 57 AA Bde August 1942
  • 192, 275, 287 LAA Btys
  • 230 LAA Bty – left July 1942
  • 475 LAA Bty – joined July 1942
  • 4th AA 'Z' Rgt – as above; to 70 AA Bde summer, rejoined autumn 1941, to 57 AA Bde August 1942
  • 194, 132, 139, 172 Z Btys
  • 33 AA Brigade Signal Office Mixed Sub-Section (part of No 2 Company, 4 AA Division Mixed Signal Unit, RCS)

=Later war=

A reorganisation of AA Command in October 1942 saw the AA divisions disbanded and replaced by a smaller number of AA Groups more closely aligned with the organisation of RAF Fighter Command. 33 AA Brigade came under a new 4 AA Group covering North West England and the West Midlands.Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 1 October 1942, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/82.Routledge, pp. 400–1, Map 36.

==Order of Battle 1942–44==

By this time the brigade was composed solely of HAA regiments following the redeployment of LAA guns to the South Coast. It was only in early 1943 that the brigade was reinforced:Order of Battle of Non-Field Force Units in the United Kingdom, Part 27: AA Command, 13 March 1943, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/83.Order of Battle of AA Command, 1 August 1943, with amendments, TNA file WO 212/84.

  • 93rd HAA Rgt – returned by October 1942; left for Middle East Forces (MEF) by mid-March 1943Joslen, pp. 484–5.
  • 267, 288, 289, 290 HAA Btys
  • 149th (M) HAA Rgt – to 53 AA Bde May 1943
  • 506, 507, 512, 587 (M) HAA Btys
  • 154th (M) HAA Rgt – to 2 AA Group October 1943
  • 522, 526, 590 (M) HAA Btys
  • 550 (M) HAA Bty – left December 1942
  • 552 (M) HAA Bty – joined January 1943
  • 157th (M) HAA Rgt – from 2 AA Group October 1943
  • 505, 539, 550, 551 (M) HAA Btys
  • 179th (M) HAA Rgt – from 2 AA Group October 1943
  • 584, 606, 607, 641 (M) HAA Btys
  • 184th (M) HAA Rgt – new unit formed November 1942, joined April 1943; to 44 AA Bde by August 1943
  • 616, 617, 625, 627 (M) HAA Btys
  • 190th (M) HAA Rgt – new unit formed January 1943, joined May 1943
  • 642, 664, 665, 667 (M) HAA Btys
  • 4th (M) AA 'Z' Rgt – returned May 1943
  • 104, 132, 214 Z Btys
  • 230 Z Bty – left end 1943
  • 14th (M) AA 'Z' Rgt – from 1 AA Group May 1943
  • 108, 172, 201, 202, 226 Z Btys

==Order of Battle 1944==

In March 1944 the number of brigade HQs in 4 AA Group was reduced, and 33 AA Bde HQ was temporarily given additional responsibilities until these units were redistributed, mainly to the south of England to cover the embarkation ports for Operation Overlord:Order of Battle of AA Command, 27 April 1944, TNA file WO 212/85.

  • 157th (M) HAA Rgt – as above
  • 159th (M) HAA Rgt – joined March, to 6 AA Group August 1944
  • 542, 543, 563, 614 (M) HAA Btys
  • 167th (M) HAA Rgt – joined March 1944; to 1 AA Group May 1944
  • 464, 562, 610 (M) HAA Btys
  • 179th (M) HAA Rgt – as above; to 2 AA Group May 1944
  • 190th (M) HAA Rgt – as above; to 61 AA Bde May 1944
  • 196th HAA Rgt – from OSDEF June 1944; disbanded July 1944
  • 351, 661, 662 HAA Btys
  • 88th LAA Rgt – joined March, to 2 AA Group May 1944
  • 178, 289, 293 LAA Btys
  • 4th AA Area Mixed Rgt – redesignated 1944
  • 13th AA Area Mixed Rgt – joined March 1944
  • 122, 203, 204, 205, 216 Z Btys
  • 14th AA Area Mixed Rgt – redesignated 1944

By October 1944, AA Command was being forced to release manpower to 21st Army Group fighting in North West Europe and 33 AA was reduced to one HAA regiment (157th; replaced by 169th – 566, 571, 576 (M) HAA Btys – in December) and its three AA Area Mixed regiments. At this date its own HQ establishment was 9 officers, 8 male other ranks and 25 members of the ATS, together with a small number of attached drivers, cooks and mess orderlies (male and female). In addition, the brigade had a Mixed Signal Office Section of 5 male other ranks and 19 ATS, which was formally part of the Group signal unit.AA Command Organisation Table, October–November 1944, TNA file WO 212/148.

=War's end=

As the war neared its end there was a continued run-down of AA Command: 4 AA Group was disbanded in mid-March 1945, and 33 AA Bde transferred to the command of 5 AA Group. By this time, the brigade consisted solely of the rocket batteries of the three AA Area Mixed Rgts, and as these were disbanded in April. were disbanded during March and April, the brigade HQ soon had nothing to command. In May 1945, after the end of the war in Europe (VE Day), it was given control of 12 Area AA Maintenance HQ to administer the demobilisation process, with 37th (Tyne Electrical Engineers) and 69th (3rd City of London) S/L Rgts added in June. By November it was commanding a number of returned Regular Army units, together with others awaiting demobilisation:Order of Battle of AA Command, 15 November 1945, TNA file WO 212/86.

  • 2nd HAA Rgt – returned from MEF
  • 16, 20, 28 HAA Btys
  • 4th HAA Rgt – returned from MEF
  • 5, 6, 258 HAA Btys
  • 7th HAA Rgt – returned from Siege of Malta
  • 10, 13, 27 HAA Btys
  • 130th HAA Rgt
  • 442, 443, 448 HAA Btys
  • 69th (3rd City of London) S/L Rgt
  • 354, 456, 457 S/L Btys

Postwar

On 1 January 1947, 33 AA Bde's Regular Army units reformed 9 AA Bde in Wales, while the TA portion was renumbered as 59th Anti-Aircraft Brigade{{efn|The TA AA brigades were now numbered 51 and upwards, rather than 26 and upwards as in the 1930s; the wartime 59th AA Bde was converted into an infantry brigade in 1945.}} in the reformed TA, constituting part of 4 AA Group based at Warrington:Litchfield, Appendix 5.[http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/territorial-army-royal-artillery/aa-brigades-67-106.html AA Brigades 30–66 at British Army Units from 1945 on]

AA Command was disbanded on 10 March 1955 and there was a series of reductions and mergers in the TA's AA units. 59 AA Brigade was itself placed in suspended animation on 31 October 1955 and formally disbanded on 31 December 1957.

A new brigade

A new 33rd AA Bde was formed on 1 November 1955 at Shepherd's Bush, London, by redesignation of X AA Bde (formerly 63 AA Bde). It had no links with Western Command or Merseyside. This brigade was reorganised on 1 May 1961, becoming 33 Artillery Brigade in 56th (London) Division.

Footnotes

{{notelist}}

Notes

{{reflist|2}}

References

  • [http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-Defence-UK/index.html Basil Collier, History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: The Defence of the United Kingdom, London: HM Stationery Office, 1957.]
  • Gen Sir Martin Farndale, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941, Woolwich: Royal Artillery Institution, 1988/London: Brasseys, 1996, {{ISBN|1-85753-080-2}}.
  • J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol II, Wakefield, Microform Academic, 1984, {{ISBN|1-85117-009-X}}.
  • Monthly Army List.
  • {{Joslen-OOB}}
  • Norman E.H. Litchfield, The Territorial Artillery 1908–1988 (Their Lineage, Uniforms and Badges), Nottingham: Sherwood Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0-9508205-2-0}}.
  • [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/38149/page/5973 Sir Frederick Pile's despatch: "The Anti-Aircraft Defence of the United Kingdom from 28th July, 1939, to 15th April, 1945" London Gazette 18 December 1947]
  • Brig N.W. Routledge, History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: Anti-Aircraft Artillery 1914–55, London: Royal Artillery Institution/Brassey's, 1994, {{ISBN|978-1-85753-099-5}}.

Online sources

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20150829181242/http://british-army-units1945on.co.uk/ British Army units from 1945 on]
  • [http://www.britishmilitaryhistory.co.uk British Military History]
  • [http://www.patriotfiles.com/index.php?name=Sections&req=listarticles&secid=17 Orders of Battle at Patriot Files]
  • [https://ra39-45.co.uk The Royal Artillery 1939–45]
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170054/http://www.orbat.com/site/history/library-new/1946-1990/britishempire/ta47.html Graham Watson, The Territorial Army 1947]

{{British anti-aircraft brigades of the Second World War}}

Category:Military units and formations established in 1936

Category:Air defence brigades of the British Army

Category:Anti-Aircraft brigades of the British Army in World War II

B033

Category:Military units and formations in Liverpool

Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1957