3C 196.1
{{Short description|Radio galaxy in the constellation Hydra}}
{{Infobox galaxy|name=3C 196.1|image=File:3C 196.1 PanSTARRS i.r.g.jpg|epoch=J2000.0|caption=Radio galaxy 3C 196.1.|constellation name=Hydra|ra={{RA|08|15|27.810}}|dec={{DEC|-03|08|26.61}}|z=0.198000|h_radial_v=59,359 km/s|dist_ly=2.383 Gly|appmag_v=16.94|appmag_b=18.49|type=cD|notes=Radio galaxy of HyMORS type, X-ray cavity|names=LEDA 1075766, DA 247, NVSS J081527-030826, PKS 0812-029, 3CR 196.1, 4C -02.35, NRAO 286, TXS 0812-029}}
3C 196.1 is a low-excitation radio galaxy{{Cite journal |last=Ricci |first=Federica |date=2022-09-01 |title=Dissecting the stormy weather in 3C 196.1 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022cxo..prop.6381R/abstract |journal=Chandra Proposal |pages=6381|bibcode=2022cxo..prop.6381R }}{{Cite journal |last1=Jimenez-Gallardo |first1=Ana |last2=Massaro |first2=Francesco |last3=Sani |first3=Eleonora |last4=Mazzucchelli |first4=Chiara |last5=Ricci |first5=Federica |last6=Balmaverde |first6=Barbara |last7=Capetti |first7=Alessandro |last8=Forman |first8=William |last9=Kraft |first9=Ralph |last10=Venturi |first10=Giacomo |last11=Prieto |first11=Almudena |last12=Marconi |first12=Alessandro |last13=Baum |first13=Stefi |last14=O'Dea |first14=Chris |last15=Paggi |first15=Alessandro |date=2022-07-01 |title=Feedback on radio galaxies: the cases of 3CR 318.1 and 3CR 196.1 |journal=44th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 16–24 July |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022cosp...44.2328J/abstract |volume=44 |pages=2328|bibcode=2022cosp...44.2328J }} located in the constellation of Hydra. It has a redshift of 0.198{{Cite journal |last1=Balmaverde |first1=B. |last2=Capetti |first2=A. |last3=Baldi |first3=R. D. |last4=Baum |first4=S. |last5=Chiaberge |first5=M. |last6=Gilli |first6=R. |last7=Jimenez-Gallardo |first7=A. |last8=Marconi |first8=A. |last9=Massaro |first9=F. |last10=Meyer |first10=E. |last11=O’Dea |first11=C. |last12=Speranza |first12=G. |last13=Torresi |first13=E. |last14=Venturi |first14=G. |date=June 2022 |title=The MURALES survey VI. Properties and origin of the extended line emission structures in radio galaxies |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142823 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=662 |pages=A23 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202142823 |arxiv=2204.00528 |bibcode=2022A&A...662A..23B |issn=0004-6361}} and was first discovered as an astronomical radio source in 1965.{{Cite journal |last1=Conway |first1=R. G. |last2=Daintree |first2=E. J. |last3=Long |first3=R. J. |date=1965-12-01 |title=Observations of Radio Sources at 612 and 1 400 Mc/s |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=131 |issue=1 |pages=159–171 |doi=10.1093/mnras/131.1.159 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711}} This object resides as the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of a cool core galaxy cluster CIZA J0815.4-0308 located at the same redshift, with its source being best described as a HyMOR (Hybrid Morphology Radio Source).{{Cite journal |last1=Ricci |first1=F. |last2=Lovisari |first2=L. |last3=Kraft |first3=R. P. |last4=Massaro |first4=F. |last5=Paggi |first5=A. |last6=Liuzzo |first6=E. |last7=Tremblay |first7=G. |last8=Forman |first8=W. R. |last9=Baum |first9=S. |last10=O’Dea |first10=C. |last11=Wilkes |first11=B. |date=October 2018 |title=Stormy Weather in 3C 196.1: Nuclear Outbursts and Merger Events Shape the Environment of the Hybrid Radio Galaxy 3C 196.1 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=867 |issue=1 |pages=35 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aae487 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1809.10693 |bibcode=2018ApJ...867...35R |issn=0004-637X}}{{Cite journal |last1=Massaro |first1=F. |last2=Tremblay |first2=G. R. |last3=Harris |first3=D. E. |last4=Kharb |first4=P. |last5=Axon |first5=D. |last6=Balmaverde |first6=B. |last7=Baum |first7=S. A. |last8=Capetti |first8=A. |last9=Chiaberge |first9=M. |last10=Gilli |first10=R. |last11=Giovannini |first11=G. |last12=Grandi |first12=P. |last13=Macchetto |first13=F. D. |last14=O'Dea |first14=C. P. |last15=Risaliti |first15=G. |date=2012-11-28 |title=CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF 3C RADIO SOURCES WITH z < 0.3. II. COMPLETING THE SNAPSHOT SURVEY |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/203/2/31 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=203 |issue=2 |pages=31 |doi=10.1088/0067-0049/203/2/31 |arxiv=1210.6027 |bibcode=2012ApJS..203...31M |issn=0067-0049}}
Description
The host galaxy of 3C 196.1 is a type-cD elliptical galaxy confirmed by near-infrared and optical imaging. It is described having an elongated structure from northeast and southwest direction{{Cite journal |last1=Madrid |first1=Juan P. |last2=Chiaberge |first2=Marco |last3=Floyd |first3=David |last4=Sparks |first4=William B. |last5=Macchetto |first5=Duccio |last6=Miley |first6=George K. |last7=Axon |first7=David |last8=Capetti |first8=Alessandro |last9=O’Dea |first9=Christopher P. |last10=Baum |first10=Stefi |last11=Perlman |first11=Eric |last12=Quillen |first12=Alice |date=June 2006 |title=Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=164 |issue=2 |pages=307–333 |doi=10.1086/504480 |arxiv=astro-ph/0603239 |bibcode=2006ApJS..164..307M |issn=0067-0049}}{{Cite journal |last1=Jimenez-Gallardo |first1=A. |last2=Sani |first2=E. |last3=Ricci |first3=F. |last4=Mazzucchelli |first4=C. |last5=Balmaverde |first5=B. |last6=Massaro |first6=F. |last7=Capetti |first7=A. |last8=Forman |first8=W. R. |last9=Kraft |first9=R. P. |last10=Venturi |first10=G. |last11=Gendron-Marsolais |first11=M. |last12=Prieto |first12=M. A. |last13=Marconi |first13=A. |last14=Peña-Herazo |first14=H. A. |last15=Baum |first15=S. A. |date=2022-12-01 |title=The Cavity of 3CR 196.1: Hα Emission Spatially Associated with an X-Ray Cavity |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=941 |issue=2 |pages=114 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/aca08b |doi-access=free |arxiv=2211.04481 |bibcode=2022ApJ...941..114J |issn=0004-637X}} with an estimated angular size of 3.16 kpc arcsec−1. According to optical color gradients of the host galaxy, 3C 196.1 exhibits periodic shells with the centroids of the optical isotopes having a directional shift towards southwest, indicating a merger stage. Furthermore, nucleus of the galaxy is partly obscured by interstellar dust{{Cite journal |last1=de Koff |first1=Sigrid |last2=Best |first2=Philip |last3=Baum |first3=Stefi A. |last4=Sparks |first4=William |last5=Rottgering |first5=Huub |last6=Miley |first6=George |last7=Golombek |first7=Daniel |last8=Macchetto |first8=Ferdinando |last9=Martel |first9=Andre |date=July 2000 |title=The Dust-Radio Connection in 3CR Radio Galaxies |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/313402/fulltext/ |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=33–159|doi=10.1086/313402 |bibcode=2000ApJS..129...33D |url-access=subscription }} and appears to be split in several patches of emission that is extended along the nucleus' direction.{{Cite journal |last1=de Koff |first1=Sigrid |last2=Baum |first2=Stefi A. |last3=Sparks |first3=William B. |last4=Biretta |first4=John |last5=Golombek |first5=Daniel |last6=Macchetto |first6=Ferdinando |last7=McCarthy |first7=Patrick |last8=Miley |first8=George K. |date=December 1996 |title=HST Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts. I. Intermediate Redshifts |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/192376/pdf |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=107 |issue=2 |pages=621–660 |doi=10.1086/192376 |bibcode=1996ApJS..107..621D |issn=0067-0049|url-access=subscription }}
Radio imaging of 3C 196.1 made by Very Large Array, shows a compact one-sided source within the host galaxy and a secondary nucleus on its side opposite its radio extension,{{Cite journal |last1=Neff |first1=S. G. |last2=Roberts |first2=L. |last3=Hutchings |first3=J. B. |date=1995-08-01 |title=VLA Maps of Radio Galaxies to Z = 1 |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1995ApJS...99..349N |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=99 |pages=349 |doi=10.1086/192190 |bibcode=1995ApJS...99..349N |issn=0067-0049}} measuring a total size of 16 kpc and an orientation along a position angle of 40°. The southwest side of the galaxy has an enshrouded radio lobe with the region displaying high recessional velocities that is exceeding 500 km s−1 whereas the northwest side is more diffused with a small velocity dispersion.{{Cite journal |last1=Balmaverde |first1=B. |last2=Capetti |first2=A. |last3=Marconi |first3=A. |last4=Venturi |first4=G. |last5=Chiaberge |first5=M. |last6=Baldi |first6=R. D. |last7=Baum |first7=S. |last8=Gilli |first8=R. |last9=Grandi |first9=P. |last10=Meyer |first10=E. T. |last11=Miley |first11=G. |last12=O’Dea |first12=C. |last13=Sparks |first13=W. |last14=Torresi |first14=E. |last15=Tremblay |first15=G. |date=2020-12-21 |title=The MURALES survey III. Completing the MUSE observations of 37 3C low-z radio galaxies |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039062 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=645 |pages=A12 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202039062 |issn=0004-6361|arxiv=2010.11195 }}
According to X-ray and radio imaging analysis, 3C 196.1 has a butterfly-shaped X-ray cavity located 10 kpc from its nucleus with the inner and outer cavities having jet power of 1.9 x 1044 erg s−1 and 3.4 x 1044 erg s−1 respectively. The enthalpies of the inner and outer cavities are computed as 7 x 1058 erg and 3 x 1060 erg. Further evidence also shows presence of ionized gas filling up the cavity suggesting either the gas underwent numerous ionization events from AGN outbursts caused by the galaxy or the cooling of AGN outflows (104 < T ≤ 107 K) are causing the gas to form filaments.
References
== External links ==
- [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=3C%20196.1 3C 196.1 on SIMBAD]
- [https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=67408&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1 3C 196.1 on NASA/IPAC Database]
{{Hydra (constellation)}}
Category:Hydra (constellation)