3C 380
{{Short description|Quasar in the constellation Draco}}
{{Infobox galaxy|name=3C 380|epoch=J2000.0|constellation name=Draco|ra={{RA|18|29|31.7809}}|dec={{DEC|+48|44|46.161}}|z=0.6920000|h_radial_v=207,456 km/s|dist_ly=6.074 Gly|appmag_v=16.81|appmag_b=17.05|type=Opt. var, Sy 1.5, LPQ|names=CTA 79, NRAO 565, LEDA 2817708, QSO B1828+4842, 4C +48.46, S4 1828+487, WK 396, WMAP 46,|image=File:3C 380 PanSTARRS i.r.g.jpg|caption=The quasar 3C 380.}}
3C 380 is a radio-loud quasar located in the constellation of Draco.{{Cite journal |last1=Gulati |first1=Sanna |last2=Bhattacharya |first2=Debbijoy |last3=Sreekumar |first3=P. |date=November 2024 |title=Constraining the Location of the γ-Ray Emission Region in Radio-loud AGN 3C 380 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=977 |issue=1 |pages=9 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ad891e |doi-access=free |bibcode=2024ApJ...977....9G |issn=0004-637X}}{{Cite journal |last1=Koyama |first1=Shoko |last2=Kino |first2=Motoki |last3=Nagai |first3=Hiroshi |last4=Hada |first4=Kazuhiro |last5=Kameno |first5=Seiji |last6=Kobayashi |first6=Hideyuki |date=2013-04-25 |title=VLBI Imagings of a Kilo-Parsec Knot in 3C 380 |url=https://academic.oup.com/pasj/article/65/2/29/1551196 |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=29 |doi=10.1093/pasj/65.2.29 |issn=0004-6264|arxiv=1211.6124 }} First discovered in 1965 and identified with a starlike object,{{Cite journal |last1=Sandage |first1=Allan |last2=Wyndham |first2=John D. |date=January 1965 |title=On the Optical Identification of Eleven New Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources. |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1965ApJ...141..328S |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=141 |pages=328 |doi=10.1086/148125 |bibcode=1965ApJ...141..328S |issn=0004-637X}}{{Cite journal |last=Burbidge |first=E. Margaret |date=1965-11-01 |title=Redshifts of the Quasi-Stellar Radio Sources 3c 334, 3c 345, 3c 380, and a Discussion of the Possible Redshift of 3c 446. |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1965ApJ...142.1674B |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=142 |pages=1674 |doi=10.1086/148459 |bibcode=1965ApJ...142.1674B |issn=0004-637X}} it is one of the luminous and powerful radio sources in Third Cambridge Catalogue, with a redshift of (z) 0.692 and a compact steep spectrum (CSS) source.{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Gregory B. |date=1998-10-20 |title=Magnetic Fields in Quasar Cores |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/306286/fulltext/ |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=506 |issue=2 |pages=637–646 |doi=10.1086/306286 |bibcode=1998ApJ...506..637T |issn=0004-637X}}{{Cite journal |last1=Wilkinson |first1=P. N. |last2=Akujor |first2=Chidi E. |last3=Cornwell |first3=T. J. |last4=Saikia |first4=D. J. |date=1991-01-01 |title=3C 380 : a powerful radio source seen end-on ? |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1991MNRAS.248...86W |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=248 |pages=86–90 |doi=10.1093/mnras/248.1.86 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711}}{{Cite journal |last1=Kameno |first1=Seiji |last2=Inoue |first2=Makoto |last3=Fujisawa |first3=Kenta |last4=Shen |first4=Zhi-Qiang |last5=Wajima |first5=Kiyoaki |date=2000-12-01 |title=First-Epoch VSOP Observation of 3C 380: Kinematics of the Parsec-Scale Jet |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/2000PASJ...52.1045K |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume=52 |issue=6 |pages=1045–L1053 |doi=10.1093/pasj/52.6.1045 |issn=0004-6264}}
Description
3C 380 contains a complex radio structure. Radio images produced by the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at 5 GHz, showed the source is mainly extended, containing several components including a compact radio core and a ridge of extended radio emission.{{Cite journal |last1=Pearson |first1=T. J. |last2=Readhead |first2=A. C. S. |date=May 1988 |title=The milliarcsecond structure of a complete sample of radio sources. II - First-epoch maps at 5 GHz |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1988ApJ...328..114P/0000139.000.html |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=328 |pages=114 |doi=10.1086/166274 |bibcode=1988ApJ...328..114P |issn=0004-637X}}{{Cite journal |last1=Pearson |first1=T. J. |last2=Readhead |first2=A. C. S. |last3=Perley |first3=R. A. |date=May 1985 |title=Compact radio sources in the 3C catalog |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu//full/1985AJ.....90..738P/0000751.000.html |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=90 |pages=738 |doi=10.1086/113782 |bibcode=1985AJ.....90..738P |issn=0004-6256}} In additional, the quasar also has a diffused halo with a spectral index of 1.0 ± 0.2 which represents a common feature of the radio lobes in Fanaroff-Riley class II quasars. An extended radio lobe was also discovered in 3C 380, having a low spectral index when compared to those at decimeter wavelengths.{{Cite journal |last1=Megn |first1=A. V. |last2=Rashkovskiĭ |first2=S. L. |last3=Shepelev |first3=V. A. |last4=Inyutin |first4=G. A. |last5=Brazhenko |first5=A. I. |last6=Bulatsen |first6=V. G. |last7=Vashchishin |first7=R. V. |last8=Koshevoĭ |first8=V. V. |last9=Lozinskiĭ |first9=A. B. |last10=Kassim |first10=N. E. |date=2006-09-01 |title=Extended component in the quasar 3C 380 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ARep...50..692M/abstract |journal=Astronomy Reports |volume=50 |issue=9 |pages=692–698 |doi=10.1134/S1063772906090022 |bibcode=2006ARep...50..692M |issn=1063-7729}} There are also two hotpots located in northwest direction.{{Cite journal |last1=de Vries |first1=W. H. |last2=O'Dea |first2=C. P. |last3=Baum |first3=S. A. |last4=Sparks |first4=W. B. |last5=Biretta |first5=J. |last6=de Koff |first6=S. |last7=Golombek |first7=D. |last8=Lehnert |first8=M. D. |last9=Macchetto |first9=F. |last10=McCarthy |first10=P. |last11=Miley |first11=G. K. |date=June 1997 |title=Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Compact Steep Spectrum Radio Sources |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/313001/fulltext/ |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=110 |issue=2 |pages=191–211 |doi=10.1086/313001 |bibcode=1997ApJS..110..191D |issn=0067-0049}}
The radio jet of 3C 380 on parsec-scales is known to be bent. Based on VLBI observations, it is shown to be resolved when travelling in a transverse direction, however it also shows signs of rapid brightness variations unlike other nuclear jets indicating phase effects play a role in causing these changes. Apart from that, the jet shows superluminal motion{{Cite journal |last1=Polatidis |first1=A. G. |last2=Wilkinson |first2=P. N. |date=1998-02-21 |title=Superluminal motion in the parsec-scale jet in 3C 380 |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/294/2/327/1101469 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=294 |issue=2 |pages=327–337 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-8711.1998.01246.x |issn=0035-8711}} and a Faraday rotation gradient measuring 70-200 parsecs in width across it.{{Cite journal |last1=Gabuzda |first1=D. C. |last2=Cantwell |first2=T. M. |last3=Cawthorne |first3=T. V. |date=2014-02-01 |title=Magnetic field structure of the extended 3C 380 jet |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=438 |issue=1 |pages=L1–L5 |doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slt129 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2014MNRAS.438L...1G |issn=0035-8711|hdl=10468/4956 |hdl-access=free }} Radio imaging Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) also finds the jet is extending in a northwest direction.{{Cite journal |last1=Zensus |first1=J. A. |last2=Ros |first2=E. |last3=Kellermann |first3=K. I. |last4=Cohen |first4=M. H. |last5=Vermeulen |first5=R. C. |last6=Kadler |first6=M. |date=August 2002 |title=Sub-milliarcsecond Imaging of Quasars and Active Galactic Nuclei. II. Additional Sources |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/341585/fulltext/ |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=124 |issue=2 |pages=662–674 |doi=10.1086/341585 |arxiv=astro-ph/0205076 |bibcode=2002AJ....124..662Z |issn=0004-6256}}
According to Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and VLBA, the jet has two knots. These knots are respectively named as knot 1, located 0.73 arcseconds from the core and knot 2 which is located 0.4 arcseconds away from the former. Together, these knots are found laid over lobelike emission which in turn, is stretched out in both east and northeast directions.{{Cite journal |last1=O'Dea |first1=Christopher P. |last2=de Vries |first2=Willem |last3=Biretta |first3=John A. |last4=Baum |first4=Stefi A. |date=March 1999 |title=Hubble Space Telescope and VLA Observations of Two Optical Continuum Knots in the Jet of 3C 380 |url=https://doi.org/10.1086/300758 |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=117 |issue=3 |pages=1143–1150 |doi=10.1086/300758 |bibcode=1999AJ....117.1143O |issn=0004-6256}}
Multifrequency polarization have also been found in 3C 380. Based on observations, both the core and jet contains polarization by 6 percent, while the other component has 16 percent polarization.{{Cite journal |last1=Ludke |first1=E. |last2=Garrington |first2=S. T. |last3=Spencer |first3=R. E. |last4=Akujor |first4=C. E. |last5=Muxlow |first5=T. W. B. |last6=Sanghera |first6=H. S. |last7=Fanti |first7=C. |date=1998-09-01 |title=MERLIN polarization observations of compact steep-spectrum sources at 5 GHz |url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1998MNRAS.299..467L |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=299 |issue=2 |pages=467–478 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01843.x |doi-access=free |bibcode=1998MNRAS.299..467L |issn=0035-8711}} Enhanced flux density at 24 GHz from the object was also detected in September 2020.{{Cite journal |last1=Marchili |first1=N. |last2=Righini |first2=S. |last3=Giroletti |first3=M. |last4=Egron |first4=E. |last5=Perrodin |first5=D. |last6=Grandi |first6=P. |last7=Torresi |first7=E. |date=2020-09-01 |title=Enhanced 24 GHz flux density from 3C 380 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ATel14012....1M/abstract |journal=The Astronomer's Telegram |volume=14012 |pages=1|bibcode=2020ATel14012....1M }}
References
External links
- [http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=ICRF%20J182931.7%2B484446 3C 380 on SIMBAD]
- [http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=64252&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1 3C 380 on NASA/IPAC Database]
{{Draco (constellation)}}
Category:Draco (constellation)