4MV
{{Infobox spacecraft class|name=4MV|image=File:Mars 6.jpg|manufacturer=NPO Lavochkin|country=Soviet Union|Preceded=3MV|operational=1971-1989
Engines:
1 KTDU-425 (Mars 2-3)
1 KTDU-425A (Post 1971)
Fuel:
4 Solar arrays (Astron, Granat)}}{{Short description|Design used for Soviet space probes to Mars and Venus}}
The 4MV planetary probe (short for 4th-generation Mars-Venus probe) is a designation for a common design used for Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus.
It was an incremental improvement of earlier 3MV probes and was used for Mars missions 2 to 7 and Venera missions 9 to 16. Different versions of the bus exist, for example 4V-1, 4V-M and 4V-2.{{Cite web |title=Venera 9, 10, 11, 12 (4V1 #1, 2, 3, 4) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-4v1.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Venera 13, 14 (4V1M #1, 2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-4v1m.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}} The same base design was also used for earth-orbiting space observatories.{{Cite web|url=http://astronautix.com/4/4mv.html|title=4MV|website=www.astronautix.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323162718/http://www.astronautix.com/4/4mv.html|archive-date=23 March 2023|url-status=live}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
Design
The spacecraft bus has a height of {{convert|2.8|m|sp=us}} and a solar panel span of {{convert|6.7|m|sp=us}}. The central section of the bus has a diameter of about {{convert|1|m|sp=us|spell=in}} and contained propellant. The main engine (KTDU-425) is encircled by a conical instrument compartment with the diameter of {{convert|2.35|m|sp=us}} at the base.{{Cite web|url=http://www.russianspaceweb.com/venera75.html|title=Venera-9 and 10|website=www.russianspaceweb.com}} While Mars 2,3 and Kosmos 419 used the KTDU-425, 4MV buses after 1971 used the KTDU-425A).{{Cite web |title=KTDU-425 |url=http://www.astronautix.com/k/ktdu-425.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228034718/http://astronautix.com/k/ktdu-425.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=www.astronautix.com}}Image:Astron.gif
Variants
- Mars M-71|3MS: Kosmos 419 (M-71|3MS No.170), Mars 2 (M-71 No.171), Mars 3 (M-71 No.172){{Cite web |title=Mars 2, 3 (Mars M71 #1, #2, #3) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-71.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}
- Mars M-73|3MS|3MP: Mars 4 (M-73|3MS No.52S), Mars 5 (M-73|3MS No.53S), Mars 6 (M-73|3MP No.50P), Mars 7 (M-73|3MP No.51P){{Cite web |title=Mars 4, 5 (Mars M73 Orbiter #1, #2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-73-orbiter.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}{{Cite web |title=Mars 6, 7 (Mars M73 Lander #1, #2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-73-lander.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}
- Venera 4V-1: Venera 9 (4V-1 No.660), Venera 10 (4V-1 No.661), Venera 11 (4V-1 No.360), Venera 12 (4V-1 No.361), Venera 13 (4V-1M No.760), Venera 14 (4V-1M No.761)
- Astron: Astron{{Cite web |title=Astron 1 |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/astron.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}
- Venera 4V-2: Venera 15 (4V-2 No.860), Venera 16 (4V-2 No.861){{Cite web |title=Venera 15, 16 (4V2 #1, 2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-4v2.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}
- Granat: Granat{{Cite web |title=Granat (Astron 2) |url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/granat.htm |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gunter's Space Page |language=en}}
{{Commons}}