970 Primula
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 970 Primula
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discoverer = K. Reinmuth
| discovery_site = Heidelberg Obs.
| discovered = 29 November 1921
| mpc_name = (970) Primula
| alt_names = A921 WK{{·}}1929 RN
1966 TG{{·}}1921 LB
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|'|p|r|ɪ|m|j|ʊ|l|ə}}{{OED|primula}}
| named_after = Primula
{{small|(genus of flowers)}}
| mp_category = {{nowrap|main-belt{{·}}{{small|(middle)}}}}
background
| epoch = 31 May 2020 (JD 2459000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 98.11 yr (35,834 d)
| aphelion = 3.2552 AU
| perihelion = 1.8644 AU
| semimajor = 2.5598 AU
| eccentricity = 0.2717
| period = 4.10 yr (1,496 d)
| mean_anomaly = 17.501°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2407|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 5.0331°
| asc_node = 310.77°
| arg_peri = 95.564°
| mean_diameter = {{val|9.204|0.289|ul=km}}
| rotation = {{val|2.777|0.001|ul=h}}
| albedo = {{val|0.229|0.031}}
| spectral_type = SMASS {{=}} S
}}
970 Primula (prov. designation: {{mp|A921 WK}} or {{mp|1921 LB}}) is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately {{convert|9.2|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 29 November 1921, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southern Germany. The S-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 2.8 hours. It was named after the genus of flowering plants, Primula, which are also known as "primroses".
Orbit and classification
Primula is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements. It orbits the Sun in the central asteroid belt at a distance of 1.9–3.3 AU once every 4 years and 1 month (1,496 days; semi-major axis of 2.56 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.27 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg observatory in November 1921.
Naming
This minor planet was named after the genus of flowering plants, Primula, also known as "primroses". These perennial herbs belong to the family Primulaceae (primrose family) and have large tufted basal leaves and variously colored flowers. The {{MoMP|970|naming}} was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ({{small|H 93}}).
Physical characteristics
In the SMASS classification (Bus–Binzel 2000), Primula is a common stony S-type asteroid.
= Rotation period =
In November 2003, a rotational lightcurve of Primula was obtained from photometric observations by Pedro Sada, Eder Canizales and Edgar Armada using a remotely controlled commercial telescope at Tenagra Observatories {{Obscode|848}}. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-defined, short rotation period of {{val|2.777|0.001}} hours with a brightness variation of {{val|0.18|0.02}} magnitude ({{small|U=3}}). Astronomer Maurice Clark at the Preston Gott Observatory confirmed the period in September 2011, measuring {{val|2.7768|0.0001}} hours and a somewhat higher amplitude of {{val|0.30|0.02}} ({{small|U=3}})
= Diameter and albedo =
According to the survey carried out by the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Primula measures {{val|9.204|0.289}} kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo of {{val|0.229|0.031}}. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 10.30 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.3.
References
{{reflist|30em|refs=
|type = 2020-01-08 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 970 Primula (A921 WK)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000970
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|access-date = 10 February 2020}}
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|chapter = (970) Primula
|page = 85
|date = 2007
|doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_971
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3}}
|title = 970 Primula (A921 WK)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=970
|access-date = 10 February 2020}}
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = J. |last6 = Dailey
|first7 = P. R. M. |last7 = Eisenhardt
|first8 = R. S. |last8 = McMillan
|first9 = T. B. |last9 = Spahr
|first10 = M. F. |last10 = Skrutskie
|first11 = D. |last11 = Tholen
|first12 = R. G. |last12 = Walker
|first13 = E. L. |last13 = Wright
|first14 = E. |last14 = DeBaun
|first15 = D. |last15 = Elsbury
|first16 = T. IV |last16 = Gautier
|first17 = S. |last17 = Gomillion
|first18 = A. |last18 = Wilkins
|date = November 2011
|title = Main Belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE. I. Preliminary Albedos and Diameters
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...68M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 20
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...68M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/68
|arxiv = 1109.4096
|access-date= 10 February 2020}}
|title = LCDB Data for (970) Primula
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/generateOneAsteroidInfo.php?AstInfo=970
|access-date = 10 February 2020}}
|last1 = Sada |first1 = Pedro V.
|last2 = Canizales |first2 = Eder D.
|last3 = Armada |first3 = Edgar M.
|date = September 2004
|title = CCD photometry of asteroids 970 Primula and 1631 Kopff using a remote commercial telescope
|journal = Minor Planet Bulletin
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_31-3.pdf
|volume = 31
|issue = 3
|pages = 49–50
|bibcode = 2004MPBu...31...49S
|issn = 1052-8091}}
|last1 = Clark
|first1 = Maurice
|date = April 2012
|title = Asteroid Lightcurves from the Preston Gott Observatory
|journal = Minor Planet Bulletin
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_39-2.pdf
|volume = 39
|issue = 2
|pages = 63–65
|bibcode = 2012MPBu...39...63C
|issn = 1052-8091
|access-date = 23 February 2020
|archive-date = 12 February 2020
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200212190402/http://www.minorplanet.info/MPB/issues/MPB_39-2.pdf
}}
|title = Asteroid 970 Primula
|work = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/SimpleSearch/results.action?targetName=970+Primula
|access-date = 10 February 2020}}
|title = Asteroid 970 Primula – Proper Elements
|publisher = AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site
|url = https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=970
|access-date= 10 February 2020}}
}}
External links
- [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/OneAsteroidInfo.php Lightcurve Database Query] (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info
- [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
- [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
- [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
- {{AstDys|970}}
- {{JPL small body}}
{{Minor planets navigator |969 Leocadia |number=970 |971 Alsatia}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Primula}}