A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury

{{Infobox officeholder

| name = A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury

| native_name = {{nobold|একিউএম বদরুদ্দোজা চৌধুরী}}

| native_name_lang = bn

| image = A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury.jpg

| caption = Chowdhury in 1993

| office = 13thPresident of Bangladesh

| primeminister = Khaleda Zia

| term_start = 14 November 2001

| term_end = 21 June 2002

| predecessor = Shahabuddin Ahmed

| successor = Muhammad Jamiruddin Sircar (acting)

| office1 = Minister of Foreign Affairs

| primeminister1 = Khaleda Zia

| predecessor1 = Latifur Rahman

| successor1 = Morshed Khan

| term_start1 = 10 October 2001

| term_end1 = 14 November 2001

| office2 = 2nd Deputy Prime Minister of Bangladesh

| termstart2 = 15 April 1979

| termend2 = 23 August 1979

| alongside2 = Moudud Ahmed

| president2 = Ziaur Rahman

| predecessor2 = Office established

| successor2 = Jamal Uddin Ahmad

| office3 = 1st General Secretary of Bangladesh Nationalist Party

| term_start3 = 1979

| term_end3 = 1981

| 1blankname3 = Chairman

| 1namedata3 = Ziaur Rahman

| successor3 = Nurul Islam Shishu

| predecessor3 = Position established{{Cite web|url=http://southasiajournal.net/intra-party-democracy-in-bangladesh-a-study-of-al-and-bnps-general-secretary-secretary-general-elections/|title=Intra-Party Democracy in Bangladesh: A Study of AL and BNP'S General Secretary/ Secretary General Elections – South Asia Journal|access-date=17 September 2019}}

| birth_date = {{birth date|1930|10|11|df=y}}

| birth_place = Comilla, Bengal Presidency, British India

| death_date = {{death date and age|2024|10|05|1930|10|11|df=y}}

| death_place = Dhaka, Bangladesh

| alma_mater = {{ubl|Dhaka College|Dhaka Medical College}}

| children = Mahi B. Chowdhury

| party = Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh (2004–2024)

| otherparty = Bangladesh Nationalist Party (1978–2002)
Four Party Alliance (2001–2003)

| awards = 30px Independence Day Award

| spouse = Hasina Warda Chowdhury

| father = Kafiluddin Chowdhury

| relatives = Panna Kaiser (sister-in-law){{cite news |url=http://www.news-bangla.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=7426&Itemid=56 |title=All in the family |author=Anwar Parvez Halim |date=28 May 2011 |publisher=Bengali News from Washington D.C.}}

| primeminister2 = Shah Azizur Rahman

}}

Abdul Qasim Mohammad Badruddoza Chowdhury{{efn|{{langx|bn|আব্দুল কাসেম মোহাম্মদ বদরুদ্দোজা চৌধুরী|Abdul Kasem Mohammad Badruddoza Chowdhury}} {{IPAc-en|b|ʌ|d|ˌ|r|uː|d|oʊ|ˈ|z|ɑː|_|ˈ|tʃ|oʊ|d|r|i|audio=En-us-Badruddoza Chowdhury from Bangladesh pronunciation (Voice of America).ogg}}}}{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_G1mAAAAMAAJ&q=badruddoza|title=Biographical Encyclopedia of Pakistan|date=1972 |access-date=6 October 2024}} (11 October 1930 – 5 October 2024) was a Bangladeshi politician who served as the president of Bangladesh from 14 November 2001 until his dismissal on 21 June 2002.{{cite web|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chowdhury,_AQM_Badruddoza|title=AQM Badruddoza Chowdhury|publisher=Banglapedia|access-date=26 July 2015}} He was the founding secretary-general of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP).{{cite magazine|last=Habib|first=Haroon|title=The sacking of a President|url=http://www.frontline.in/navigation/?type=static&page=archive|magazine=Frontline|publisher=The Hindu Group|access-date=22 September 2011}}

Chowdhury was also a physician, cultural activist, author, essayist, playwright, television presenter, and an orator of distinction. He was awarded the National Television Award in 1976.

Early life

Badruddoza Chowdhury was born in his maternal grandfather's house in Comilla on 11 October 1930.{{Cite web|date=11 October 2022|title=৯৩ বছরে সাবেক রাষ্ট্রপতি বি. চৌধুরী|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/politics/news/bd/968281.details|access-date=27 August 2023|website=banglanews24.com|language=bn}}[https://www.newagebd.net/post/country/246753/ex-president-badruddoza-chowdhury-hospitalised Ex-president Badruddoza Chowdhury hospitalised] His grandfather's home is in Majidpur Dayhata, Srinagar, Bikrampur (now Munshiganj District). His father, Kafiluddin Chowdhury, was the general secretary of the United Front serving as a minister in the United Front provincial cabinet of the then East Pakistan and an Awami League leader. His mother was Sufia Khatun. Badruddoza passed his SSC from St Gregory's School in 1947 and HSC from Dhaka College in 1949.{{cite news|url=http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2012-12-09/news/311706|script-title=bn:আপস-সমঝোতা ছাড়া গণতন্ত্র হয় না|newspaper=Prothom Alo|access-date=9 December 2012|author=Moshiul Alam|date=9 December 2012|language=bn|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210233406/http://www.prothom-alo.com/detail/date/2012-12-09/news/311706|archive-date=10 December 2012|trans-title=Democracy is not without compromise.}} He earned his MBBS degree from Dhaka Medical College in 1954–1955.

Medical career

Chowdhury started his career in the medical profession. He served as an associate professor of medicine in Rajshahi Medical College in 1964 and Sir Salimullah Medical College during 1964–1970 and professor of medicine in Sylhet Medical College in 1970. He served as the president of National Anti-Tuberculosis Association of Bangladesh (NATAB), president of International Union Against Tuberculosis of Lung Diseases (IUATLD) of Asia Pacific Zone.

Political career

Being inspired by Ziaur Rahman, the founder chairman of the party, Badruddoza entered into politics as the secretary general of the BNP during its early years. He won the parliament election of 1979 as a BNP nominee from Munshiganj and served as cabinet minister during the years 1979–1982. When the BNP again won parliamentary elections in 1991, after a short stint as Education and Cultural Affairs Minister (from 20 March 1991 until 19 September 1991), he was appointed Deputy Leader of the House of Bangladesh parliament.{{Cite web|title=শিক্ষা মন্ত্রণালয়|url=https://moedu.gov.bd/site/page/898a6bf3-2ef4-49be-becc-24cd12d18b9a/-|access-date=27 August 2023|website=moedu.gov.bd|language=bn}}

Presidency

Chowdhury was appointed the foreign minister of Bangladesh when the BNP party came to power in 2001. In November 2001, he was elected the president of Bangladesh by Jatiya Sangsad members. Seven months later the incident of him deciding not to visit BNP founder Ziaur Rahman's grave on his death anniversary provoked the party members. They accused him of betraying the party. In June 2002, Chowdhury resigned from office as was asked by the ruling party before the situation could turn any murkier.

''Bikalpa Dhara''

Chowdhury felt the need of a third force in the de facto two-party democracy in Bangladesh. He expressed recruiting civil society members in politics to fight corruption and terrorism and establish good governance in the country through an alternate stream (lit. Bikalpa Dhara) political party.{{cite web|title=RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:zzFUO7Gc5WYJ:www.mrt-rrt.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/84/bgd30767.pdf.aspx+bikalpa+dhara+bangladesh&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESjN0MsYBfLKIhggR2Eo_eLAlsAteTjpocPqK90_PR4lTl-eALwVZIwslqrvl-eWc8zleuHP3OX_MFFqgKoH0s6dTt8Hqps1Ta7aOpzKEztQtf26r8xayX9VcGuIuXajf5ZGKTRJ&sig=AHIEtbRCc_kw47vO7qDrfuCZicrgw6wLpw&pli=1|publisher=Refugee Review Tribunal, AUSTRALIA|access-date=22 September 2011}} He, along with his son Mahi B. Chowdhury and BNP parliamentarian M A Mannan resigned from the BNP to work for the new political party. Chowdhury was the president, with M A Mannan as the secretary-general of the new party, Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh, formed in March 2004. It had been a strong critic of the government during the time, and most of its members defected from the ruling BNP.

For a brief period Chowdhury joined with senior statesman Oli Ahmed. Along with various senior ministers from the BNP cabinet they formed the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Bangladesh. This did not last and Chowdhury decided to come out of LDP and concentrate his efforts on reviving Bikalpa Dhara.

Chowdhury has been the party's president since its inception, except for a brief period between December 2008{{cite news|title=Badruddoza, Mannan resign from party posts|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=69498|access-date=22 September 2011|newspaper=The Daily Star|date=1 January 2009}}{{cite news|title=Badruddoza resigns Bikalpadhara presidency|url=http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=121786&cid=30|access-date=22 September 2011|newspaper=bdnews24.com|date=31 December 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402071556/http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=121786&cid=30|archive-date=2 April 2012}} and April 2009,{{cite news|title=Badruddoza Chowdhry becomes BDB chief again|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=16181|access-date=22 September 2011|newspaper=The Daily Star|date=9 April 2009}} during which time he had resigned from his post after the party could secure no seats during the 9th parliament elections.

Personal life and death

Chowdhury was married to Hasina Warda Chowdhury.{{cite web|url=http://bdnews24.com/politics/2014/02/18/khaleda-visits-ailing-b-chowdhury|title=Khaleda visits ailing B Chowdhury|publisher=bdnews24.com|date=18 February 2014}} Together they had a son, Mahi B. Chowdhury, and two daughters, Muna and Shaila.

Chowdhury died from a lung infection at the Medical College for Women and Hospital on 5 October 2024, at the age of 93.[https://www.dhakapost.com/national/312570 সাবেক রাষ্ট্রপতি বদরুদ্দোজা চৌধুরী আর নেই] {{in lang|bn}}[https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/ex-president-badruddoza-chowdhury-dies-93-958466 Ex-president Badruddoza Chowdhury dies at 93][https://www.newagebd.net/post/politics/246990/former-president-of-bangladesh-aqm-badruddoza-chowdhury-dies Former president of Bangladesh AQM Badruddoza Chowdhury dies]