AEC armoured car
{{Short description|British heavy armoured car}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2018}}
{{more footnotes|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name=AEC armoured car
| image= AEC Brussels.jpg
| image_size = 300
| caption=
|is_vehicle=yes
|is_UK=yes
|origin= United Kingdom
|production_date=1941 onwards
|number=629
| spec_label = Mk I, Mk II & IIIWhite
| length={{convert|17|ft|abbr=on}}
| width={{convert|9|ft||abbr=on}}
| height={{convert|8|ft|4|in|abbr=on}}
| weight={{ubl|Mk I: {{convert|11|LT|ST t|lk=out}} | Mk II, III: {{convert|12.7|LT|ST t|abbr=on}}}}
| suspension=wheel 4×4
| speed={{convert|36|–|41|mph|abbr=on}}
| vehicle_range={{convert|250|mi|abbr=on}}
| primary_armament={{ubl|Mk I: QF 2 pounder | Mk II: QF 6 pounder | Mk III: QF 75 mm | AA prototype: twin Oerlikon 20mm cannons}}
| secondary_armament=1 × Besa machine gun, 1 × Bren light machine gun.
| armour={{convert|16|–|65|mm|abbr=on}}
| engine={{ubl|Mk I: AEC 195 diesel | Mk II, III: AEC 197 diesel}}
| engine_power=105/158 bhp (78/118 kW)
| pw_ratio={{ubl|Mk I: 9.5 hp/tonne | Mk II, III: 12.4 hp/tonne}}
| crew={{ubl|Mk I: 3 | Mk II, III: 4}}
}}
AEC armoured cars are a series of British heavy armoured cars built by the Associated Equipment Company (AEC) during the Second World War.
The AEC armoured car came about following British experience in the Western Desert against Italian armoured cars. British armoured cars were only armed with light and heavy machine guns and the army was fitting captured Italian and German 20 mm or larger autocannon to have enough firepower when meeting enemy reconnaissance vehicles.
The Daimler armoured car was under development with a 40 mm 2-pounder gun as used on British tanks but no armoured cars were envisaged with the armour as well as the armament of a tank. AEC undertook development privately of a vehicle based on one of the lorry designs (an artillery tractor) that would have armour equivalent to a contemporary cruiser tank.White
Design and development
AEC of Southall, England was a manufacturer of truck and bus chassis and its Matador artillery tractor was used for towing medium field and heavy anti-aircraft guns. The armoured car based on the Matador artillery chassis was developed initially as a private venture and a mock-up was shown to officials in 1941 at Horse Guards Parade in London, where it made a favourable impression on Winston Churchill and following an initial contract for 120, 629 vehicles were produced in 1942–1943.{{Cite book |last=Ward |first=Rod |title=AEC Album Part One: to 1945 |publisher=Zeteo Publishing |year=2017 |pages=27 |oclc=1014414977}}
AEC tried to build an armoured car with fire power and protection comparable to those of contemporary British cruiser tanks. The first version used the turret of a Valentine Mk II infantry tank complete with the 2 pounder gun. Subsequent versions received a 6 pounder or a 75 mm gun in a custom-built turret. The vehicle also carried a single Besa machine gun, a 2-inch (51 mm) bomb thrower (smoke grenade discharger) and a No. 19 radio set. Mark I vehicles had a Bren light machine gun for defence against aircraft, later vehicles received a "PLM" mounting one or two Vickers K machine guns.White p18 The turret was electrically driven with a manual traverse option.
The driver was provided with two periscopes for vision when closed up; otherwise he could raise his seat to see over the glacis.
The engine was mounted at a downwards angle reducing the angle on the transfer shafts and height over the rear hull deck. In normal on road use only the front wheels were driven.
Service history
The Mk I was first used in combat in the North African Campaign late in 1942, where a few vehicles were reportedly fitted with a Crusader tank turret mounting a 6 pounder gun. The Mk II and Mk III took part in the fighting in Europe with British and British Indian Army units, often together with the American-supplied Staghound armoured car.
The AEC armoured car with 75mm gun replaced US half-track 75 mm self-propelled guns in the four fighting squadrons of some armoured car regiments.White p20
The vehicle remained in service after the end of the war until replaced by the Alvis Saladin. The Lebanese Army used the car at least until 1976. Additionally for Lebanon, from 1956 some AEC turrets were added to Staghound armoured cars. {{citation |url=http://www.warwheels.net/StaghoundAECindex.html |title=AEC Staghound |publisher=Warwheels.net }}
{{clear}}
Variants
File:IWM-STT-1438-AEC-Armoured-Car.jpg
;Mk I
: original version with turret from a Valentine tank, 129 built. Some in Middle East had 6-pounder gun fitted
;Mk II
: larger turret for three man crew with a 6 pounder gun, redesigned front hull, {{convert|158|hp|kW|abbr=on}} diesel engine.
;Mk III
:"Close Support Armoured Car", a Mk II with 6 pounder replaced by the QF 75 mm gun which had the same mountings.
;AA prototype
: Turret similar to Crusader AA tank turret with twin Oerlikon 20 mm cannon capable of high elevation to engage enemy aircraft. Prototype built in 1944 but did not enter production due to Allied air superiority in Northern Europe.
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
{{Commons}}
File:AEC Armoured Car Mark II front-left 2017 Bovington.jpg
- George Forty - World War Two Armoured Fighting Vehicles and Self-Propelled Artillery, Osprey Publishing 1996, {{ISBN|1-85532-582-9}}.
- I. Moschanskiy - Armored vehicles of the Great Britain 1939-1945 part 2, Modelist-Konstruktor, Bronekollektsiya 1999-02 (И. Мощанский - Бронетанковая техника Великобритании 1939-1945 часть 2, Моделист-Конструктор, Бронеколлекция 1999-02).
- B.T. White Armoured Cars (AFV Weapons Profile No. 21) Profile Publishing.
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20130109043039/http://www.wwiivehicles.com/unitedkingdom/armoured-car/aec.asp Britain's Associated Equipment Company (AEC) Armored Cars] at wwiivehicles.com
- [http://www.tank2.ru/country/england/broneavtoeng/rmorearaec Tank2.ru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924072612/http://www.tank2.ru/country/england/broneavtoeng/rmorearaec |date=24 September 2011 }}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060215083828/http://www.battlefront.co.nz/Article.asp?ArticleID=475 Battlefront.co.nz]
- [http://www.warwheels.net/AEC1INDEX.html AEC Mark 1 Armored Car] at warwheels.net
- [http://www.warwheels.net/AEC2INDEX.html AEC Mark 2 Armored Car] at warwheels.net
- [http://www.warwheels.net/AEC3INDEX.html AEC Mark 3 Armored Car] at warwheels.net
{{WWIIBritishAFVs}}
{{AEC range}}
Category:World War II armoured fighting vehicles of the United Kingdom
Category:World War II armoured cars
Category:Armoured cars of the United Kingdom