AMC-14

AMC-14 is based on the Lockheed Martin A2100 satellite bus, and includes 32 Ku-band transponders to provide 24 MHz of bandwidth each. The spacecraft antenna were originally designed to operate over either of two orbital arcs: 61.5° West to 77° West or 110° West to 148° West. AMC-14 carries an active phased array demonstration payload that allows coverage to be reshaped on orbit.{{cite web|url=https://www.n2yo.com/satellite/?s=32708|title=AMC-14 2008-011A 32708|publisher=N2YO.com|date=5 April 2021|access-date=5 April 2021}}

An anomaly occurred during the second burn of the Briz-M upper stage.{{cite web|url=http://www.ilslaunch.com/news-031408/|title=ILS declares Proton launch anomaly |publisher=International Launch Services|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080318232154/http://www.ilslaunch.com/news-031408/|date=March 14, 2008|archive-date=2008-03-18|access-date=5 April 2021}} As a result, the satellite failed to reach the planned orbit. The Russian commission investigating the anomaly determined the cause to be a rupture of the gas duct between the gas generator and the propellant pump turbine in the Briz-M main engine, which caused the upper stage engine to shut down two minutes early.{{cite web|url=http://www.ilslaunch.com/russian-commission-determines-cause-of-amc-14-breeze-m-failure|title=Russian Commission Determines Cause of AMC-14 Breeze M Failure|publisher=International Launch Services|date=April 21, 2008|access-date=5 April 2021}}

AMC-14 was the 36th A2100 spacecraft and was expected to provide more than 15 years of service life. SES and Lockheed Martin explored ways to attempt to bring the functioning satellite into its correct orbital position, and subsequently began attempting to move the satellite into geosynchronous orbit by means of a lunar flyby (as done a decade earlier with HGS-1).

In April 2008, it was announced that this had been abandoned after discovery that Boeing held a patent {{cite web|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6116545|title=US patent 6116545|publisher=Patents|date=9 April 2018|access-date=5 April 2021}} on the trajectory that would be required.{{cite web |url=https://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Boeing_Patent_Shuts_Down_AMC_14_Lunar_Flyby_Salvage_Attempt_999.html|title=Boeing Patent Shuts Down AMC-14 Lunar Flyby Salvage Attempt|publisher=SpaceDaily|date=10 April 2008|access-date=5 April 2021}} At the time, a lawsuit was ongoing between SES and Boeing, and Boeing refused to allow the trajectory to be used unless SES dropped its case. Another company had expressed interest in purchasing the satellite; however. SES began procedures to expedite the satellite's immediate de-orbit. While sources within the space industry told Space Daily that the patent would not stand up to legal challenge, SES intend to de-orbit the spacecraft in order to collect the insurance payout. If this attempt had been successful, the extra use of fuel needed to correct the orbital error would have significantly reduced AMC-14's originally expected service life of 15 years to just four years.{{cite web|first=Glen|last=Dickson |publisher=Broadcasting & Cable|date=March 14, 2008|url=http://www.broadcastingcable.com/article/ca6540928.html|title=Dish Network Suffers Failed Satellite Launch}}{{cite web|first=Linda|last=Moss |date=March 17, 2008|publisher=Multichannel News|url=http://www.multichannel.com/article/ca6541175.html|title=Satellite Snafu Will Delay Dish Network's HD Expansion}}{{cite web|first=Eric|last=Savitz |date=March 17, 2008|publisher=Barron's|url=http://blogs.barrons.com/techtraderdaily/2008/03/17/dish-network-satellite-launch-could-be-total-loss/?mod=BOLBlog|title=DISH Network Satellite Launch Could Be Total Loss}}

SES Americom told its insurers that the AMC-14 was a total loss because it was in the wrong orbit and could not be moved into correct orbit, according to Thomson Financial. The satellite was fully insured for about US$150 million, so SES would not incur a loss. Officials stated that they had evaluated several options for recovering the marooned satellite. Saving AMC-14 would have used much of the satellite's operational maneuvering propellant, significantly reducing its useful life from the 15-year expectation before launch.{{cite web|title=SES AMERICOM Declares AMC-14 Satellite a Total Loss|url=https://spaceref.com/press-release/ses-americom-declares-amc-14-satellite-a-total-loss/|date=April 11, 2008|website=spaceref.com|access-date=March 26, 2023}}

On 23 April 2008, it was reported that SES was in talks with a United States Department of Defense agency, presumably the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) (the agency that operates satellites for the DoD), over purchasing the satellite.{{cite web|url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/SES_Negotiating_To_Sell_AMC-14_To_US_Government_Agency_999.html |title=SES Negotiating To Sell AMC-14 To U.S. Government Agency|first=Simon|last=Mansfield|publisher=SpaceDaily|date=23 April 2008|access-date=5 April 2021}} SES has received several other bids, including one from Echostar, have been received. Most of the commercial companies were intending to use the Lunar flyby trajectory option to correct the orbital inclination of the satellite, while the U.S. DoD planned to leave the satellite in an inclined orbit. SES preferred the DoD bid, as they did not want a customer to prove to insurers that the lunar flyby option would have resulted in a commercially viable service life. There were some concerns over the legality of a purchase by the U.S. Government, under the 1998 Commercial Space Act.[http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=426&type=0 H.R. 1702, The Commercial Space Act of 1997] Congressional Budget Office {{PD-notice}}

In anticipation of the U.S. Government's offer being viewed as illegal, an independent European/Asian investment group made a counteroffer to the insurers that called for a minimum upfront cash payment of US$15 million with the intention of returning the satellite to a geosynchronous orbit using the lunar flyby mission and thereafter providing commercial services. Negotiations were slow to start in spite of the alternative US$10 million purchase proposal from the U.S. Government which was 33% lower than the improved offer from the European/Asian investment group.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

The first signs of an orbital adjustment maneuver became evident one day after SES announced it was in sales negotiations on 24 April 2008, when the satellite's perigee rose by about {{cvt|56|km}} to {{cvt|777|km}} along with a slight rise in apogee to 35572 km.{{cite web|title=AMC-14 story gets more interesting|publisher=SatelliteGuys.US|url=http://www.satelliteguys.us/dish-network-forum/133115-amc-14-story-gets-more-interesting-2.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927144259/http://www.satelliteguys.us/dish-network-forum/133115-amc-14-story-gets-more-interesting-2.html |archive-date=September 27, 2011|access-date=5 April 2021}} Also, for comparison, at the time inclination was 48.989°, and it had an orbital period of 638.12 minutes. As of 6 August 2008, AMC-14 orbit is vastly different. The inclination has dropped to 17.7°.

As of 29 January 2009, after more than 6 months of low-thrust maneuvering, AMC-14 had finally reached an inclined (13.1°) geosynchronous orbit at 34.8° East {{cite web|title=Stranded satellite finally reaches geosynchronous orbit|date=January 29, 2009|publisher=Satellite News Digest|url=http://www.sat-index.co.uk/archive/?id=2009012901}} {{subscription required}} under U.S. DoD ownership.{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/amc-14.htm|title=AMC 14|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|date=21 July 2019|access-date=5 April 2021}}

{{Portal|Spaceflight}}

• PAS-22

• {{cite press release|date=February 20, 2008|url=http://www.ses.com/ses/siteSections/newsroom/archive/2008/index.php?pressRelease=/pressReleases/archive-by-year/2008/08-02-20/index.php|title=AMC-14 Satellite Slated for March 15 Launch|publisher=SES Americom|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=20 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720050755/http://www.ses.com/ses/siteSections/newsroom/archive/2008/index.php?pressRelease=%2FpressReleases%2Farchive-by-year%2F2008%2F08-02-20%2Findex.php|url-status=dead}}
• {{cite press release|date=March 12, 2008|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2008/312_ss_AMC-14readyforlaunch.html|title=Lockheed Martin-Built AMC-14 Satellite Ready For Launch From Baikonur Cosmodrome|publisher=Lockheed Martin|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080315023656/http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2008/312_ss_AMC-14readyforlaunch.html |archive-date=2008-03-15}}

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{{Orbital launches in 2008}}

Category:Communications satellites in geosynchronous orbit

Category:Satellite launch anomalies

Category:Spacecraft launched in 2008

Category:SES satellites

Category:Satellites using the A2100 bus