Academy of American Poets

The Academy of American Poets was created in 1934 in New York City by 23-year-old Marie Bullock {{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/academy-american-poets/mission-history|title=Mission & History | Academy of American Poets|first=Academy of American|last=Poets|website=poets.org}} with a mission to "support American poets at all stages of their careers and to foster the appreciation of contemporary poetry." In 1936, the Academy of American Poets was officially incorporated as a nonprofit organization. Marie Bullock was the president of the Academy of American Poets for the next half a century, running the organization out of her apartment for thirty of those years. In 1982, Marie Bullock received a Mayor's Award of Honor for Arts and Culture. She also had received the Gold Medal of the National Institute of Social Sciences, the Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts from the National Institute of Arts and Letters.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/27/obituaries/marie-bullock-75-founded-and-led-academy-of-poets.html|title=Marie Bullock, 75, Founded and Led Academy of Poets|first=Thomas C.|last=Ennis|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 27, 1986}}

Since its earliest days, the Academy of American Poets has been guided by an honorary Board of Chancellors composed of established and award-winning poets who serve as advisors to the organization and judge its largest prizes for poets. Past Chancellors include W. H. Auden, Elizabeth Bishop, Lucille Clifton, Robert Creeley, Marianne Moore, Mark Strand, and May Swenson. Women as well as men were founding poets of the Academy; for example, Florence Hamilton.{{Cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/libraries/finding_aids/records/finding_aid.php?fa=0110 |title=Poets Garden records |access-date=2014-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223233002/http://www.usc.edu/libraries/finding_aids/records/finding_aid.php?fa=0110 |archive-date=2014-02-23 |url-status=dead }}

As of 2018, the fifteen Chancellors of the Academy of American Poets are: Elizabeth Alexander, Ellen Bass, Marilyn Chin, Kwame Dawes, Forrest Gander, Linda Gregerson, Terrance Hayes, Brenda Hillman, Marie Howe, Khaled Mattawa, Marilyn Nelson, Alicia Ostriker, Claudia Rankine, Alberto Ríos, and David St. John.[http://www.poets.org/academy-american-poets/chancellors "Chancellors"], Poets.org

As of 2020, Michael Jacobs chair the Board of the Academy of American Poets.{{Cite web|title=American poet Louise Glück wins Nobel Prize in Literature|url=https://www.startribune.com/nobel-literature-prize-to-be-awarded-after-years-of-tumult/572672662/ |first1=Hillel |last1=Italie |agency=Associated Press |date=October 8, 2020 |access-date=2020-11-03|website=Star Tribune|quote=Michael Jacobs, chairman of the Academy of American Poets |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025044614/https://www.startribune.com/nobel-literature-prize-to-be-awarded-after-years-of-tumult/572672662/ |archive-date= 2020-10-25}}

The Academy of American Poets administers several programs: National Poetry Month;{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/national-poetry-month/|title=National Poetry Month | Academy of American Poets|first=Academy of American|last=Poets|website=poets.org}} the website Poets.org, which includes a curated collection of poems and essays about poetry, over 800 recordings and videos of poets dating back to the 1960s, and free materials for K-12 teachers, including lesson plans;{{Cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/digital/content-and-e-books/article/61710-poetry-gets-a-hip-new-look.html|title=Poetry Gets a Hip New Look|website=PublishersWeekly.com|first=Craig Morgan |last=Teicher |date= 2014-04-04}} the syndicated series, Poem-a-Day; and American Poets magazine. The organization also awards nine major prizes for poets, as well as 200 college awards sponsored at schools across the country.[https://www.poets.org/academy-american-poets/american-poets-prizes "American Poets Prizes"], Poets.org.

In 1998, Fred Viebahn, husband of African-American poet Rita Dove, drew media attention to the lack of diversity on the Academy's Board of Chancellors; up until then, no poet of color had ever been elected to be a Chancellor, and only very few women.{{cite journal |last=Viebahn |first=Fred |url=http://people.virginia.edu/~fv5w/academy.pdf |title=Unmasking the 'Gods of Poetry' |journal=Callaloo |volume=22 |issue=1 |date=1999}} Reprinting of Fred Viebahn's essay from International Quarterly, along with editorial commentary by Charles H. Rowell. Subsequently, two female Chancellors, Maxine Kumin and Carolyn Kizer, resigned in protest. The Academy responded by instituting major changes and designating several new chancellors, including African-American poets Lucille Clifton and Yusef Komunyakaa.{{cite news |last=Smith |first=Dinitia |date=March 22, 1999 |title=Criticized as Elitist, Poets' Organization Revamps Its Structure |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/22/books/criticized-as-elitist-poets-organization-revamps-its-structure.html?smid=pl-share |access-date=2014-02-11}}

Elizabeth Kray was hired in 1963 as the first executive director of the Academy of American Poets, and she served the organization until 1981.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/24/obituaries/elizabeth-kray-patron-and-friend-of-poets-and-their-art-dies-at-71.html|title=Elizabeth Kray, Patron and Friend Of Poets and Their Art, Dies at 71|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 24, 1987}} William Wadsworth served as executive director from 1989 to 2001.

In January 2020 the Academy received a grant of $4.5 million from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, in addition to the $2.2 million provided in 2019. The money will be used for the poet laureate program.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/books/academy-american-poets-mellon-foundation.html|title=Mellon Foundation Grants $4.5 Million to Academy of American Poets|last=Libbey|first=Peter|date=2020-01-30|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-02-01|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}

In 2023, the organization named its first Latino executive director and president, Ricardo Alberto Maldonado.{{cite news |last1=Blair |first1=Elizabeth |title=The Academy of American Poets names its first Latino head |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/21/1183293552/academy-of-american-poets-first-latino-head |publisher=NPR |date=June 21, 2023}}

Awards are listed in chronological order of their creation.

{{Main|List of winners of the Academy of American Poets fellowship}}

One Academy Fellowship is awarded annually for "distinguished poetic achievement": Fellows are awarded a stipend which is presently $25,000.{{cite web |url=https://poets.org/academy-american-poets/prizes/academy-american-poets-fellowship |title=Academy Fellowship |publisher=Academy of American Poets |access-date=2009-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301175948/http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/106 |archive-date=2009-03-01 |url-status=dead }} The Fellowship program was created in 1946, and was the first of the organization's current portfolio of awards; the Academy's website Poets.org describes it as "the first of its kind in the United States."

{{Main|List of winners of the James Laughlin Award}}

Formerly known as the Lamont Poetry Selection, the Laughlin Award is given in recognition of a poet's second published book, and is considered to be the only major award honoring the publication of a poet's second book.{{cite web|title=Past Awards & Grants |url=http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/114 |publisher=Academy of American Poets |access-date=2009-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516232845/http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/114 |archive-date=16 May 2009 |url-status=dead }}{{cite web |url=http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/109 |title=James Laughlin Award |publisher=Academy of American Poets |access-date=2009-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423114721/http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/109 |archive-date=2009-04-23 |url-status=dead }}

The award was first established in 1954 by a bequest from the wife of Thomas W. Lamont, who specified that it be used "for the discovery and encouragement of new poetic genius."{{cite book |last=Henderson |first=Jeanne J. |title=Literary and Library Prizes |publisher=Bowker |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-8352-0645-7}} In 1959, Harvey Shapiro referred to the award as "roughly, a Pulitzer for bardlings."{{cite news |last=Shapiro |first=Harvey |title=The Timbre of Three New Voices |date=August 9, 1959 |work=The New York Times |url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0A14FE3E5F1A7B93CBA91783D85F4D8585F9 |access-date=2009-05-15}} Initially, the Lamont Poetry Selection was awarded to a poet's first published book; copies of the book were purchased from its publisher for distribution to the Academy's members. In 1975, the organization changed to selecting a poet's second volume; in an editorial, Peter Davison welcomed the change, suggesting that publishing a second volume was becoming more difficult than publishing the first.{{cite news |last=Davison |first=Peter |date=April 20, 1975 |title=The Nurture of Poets: The Guest Word |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/20/archives/the-nurture-of-poets-the-guest-word.html |access-date=2009-05-15}}

In 1995, it was endowed by a gift from the Drue Heinz Trust, and it was renamed to honor James Laughlin, who founded the publishing house New Directions in 1936. At present, winners receive a cash prize of $5,000, an all-expenses-paid weeklong residency at The Betsy Hotel in Miami Beach, Florida,[https://www.poets.org/academy-american-poets/prizes/james-laughlin-award "James Laughlin Award"] Poets.org and the Academy of American Poets purchases one thousand copies of the winning book for distribution to its membership;{{cite web |title=Literary Awards |url=http://www.clmp.org/resources/lit_awards.html |publisher=Council of Literary Magazines and Presses |access-date=2009-04-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090413001711/http://clmp.org/resources/lit_awards.html |archive-date=13 April 2009 |url-status=dead }} the purchase and distribution essentially guarantee that the book becomes "a bestseller in the tiny poetry market."{{cite news |work=The New York Times |last=Miller |first=Judith |author-link=Judith Miller (journalist) |title=As Arts Prizes Multiply, So Do Doubts on Value |date=December 2, 1996 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/02/theater/as-arts-prizes-multiply-so-do-doubts-on-value.html?sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all}}

Edward Field has described the importance of receiving the Award to his career as follows:{{cite book |last=Field |first=Edward |title=A Frieze for a Temple of Love |isbn=978-1-57423-067-3 |year=1998 |publisher=David R. Godine |page=184 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xF2kwZnS24C}}

{{Quote|... perhaps it is just as well that I didn't succeed in getting a publisher earlier, since, with new poems being added all the time, the manuscript kept getting stronger. But years of rejection took their toll, and when I won the Lamont Award in 1962, I kept repeating "I will not be consoled." But I was. My life changed considerably. For one thing, I could make a living - I gave poetry readings around the country, wrote narrations for a couple of documentary films, translated a book of Eskimo poems, and, yes, even taught poetry workshops for a while.|Edward Field}}

Several of the Award's recipients have subsequently won the highest honors given to mature poets. Donald Hall was named Poet Laureate of the United States in 2004. Donald Justice, Lisel Mueller, Philip Schultz, and Tracy K. Smith have each won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.

The Academy first began awarding annual $100 prizes to student poets at ten American universities and colleges in 1955. The program has since expanded to include more than 200 schools. According to the Academy, most of these prizes are endowed in perpetuity, though some are funded through other arrangements with the school or through private donors. For a school to become part of the program, a $2,500 endowment contribution is required. Individual schools set the winning criteria for their awards, within the guidelines set by the Academy: winners must be registered students at the school and the school cannot restrict the themes or styles of the entries.{{cite web |url=http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/113 |title=University & College Poetry Prizes |publisher=Academy of American Poets |access-date=2009-05-04 }}

{{Main|List of winners of the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize}}

The Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize is awarded annually for the best volume of poetry written by a living U.S. citizen and published in the previous year in the United States.{{cite web |url=http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/108 |title=Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize |publisher=Academy of American Poets |access-date=2009-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622032133/http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/108 |archive-date=2011-06-22 |url-status=dead }} The Prize was created in 1975 by the New Hope Foundation of Pennsylvania, which was a philanthropic foundation created by Lenore Marshall and her husband, James Marshall, to "support the arts and the cause of world peace";{{cite web |title=Lenore Marshall |publisher=James A. Michener Art Museum |url=http://www.michenermuseum.org/bucksartists/artist.php?artist=144&page=590 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041123182057/http://michenermuseum.org/bucksartists/artist.php?artist=144&page=590 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=November 23, 2004 |access-date=2009-06-12}} Lenore Marshall, a poet, novelist, editor, and peace activist, had died in 1971.{{cite news |title=Lenore G. Marshall, 72, Dies; Was Poet, Novelist, and Editor |date=September 25, 1971 |work=The New York Times}}

The Prize was initially administered by the Saturday Review magazine.{{cite book |title=The Continuum Encyclopedia of American Literature |page=135 |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |editor1-last=Serafin |editor2-last=Bendixen |editor2-first=Alfred |last=Miller |first=Marie-Jeanne A. |chapter=Brown, Sterling Allen |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-8264-1777-0 |quote=In 1980, the Collected Poems of S. A. B. was published and won deserving accolades and awards, notably the Lenore Marshall/Saturday Review Poetry Prize, given annually to the outstanding book of poems in the U.S.. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LyJqIfNPSgcC }} Following the folding of Saturday Review, the Prize was administered by The Nation magazine.{{cite journal |title=John Logan Wins Marshall Prize |last=Smith |first=William Ray |date=October 16, 1982 |journal=The Nation}} In 1995, administration of the Prize became the responsibility of the Academy of American Poets; the Prize has a permanent endowment, and the cash value of the prize is currently $25,000.

The Academy of American Poets currently announces three judges for each year's competition in advance. There has been some criticism of the Academy's procedures for mitigating the judges' conflicts of interest, since the judges are often acquainted with some of the poets whose volumes are nominated.{{cite web |title=The Lenore Marshall Prize and the Doping of Poets |work=Foetry.com |last=Cordle |first=Alan |date=December 9, 2004 |url=http://foetry.com/wp/?p=26 |access-date=June 15, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727141321/http://foetry.com/wp/?p=26 |archive-date=July 27, 2011 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |title=American foetry: Pulitzer prize-winners accused of fraud and competition-fixing - who ever said poetry was boring? |last=Sutherland |first=John |author-link=John Sutherland (author) |work=The Guardian |date=July 4, 2005 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/jul/04/news.comment | location=London}}

{{See also|List of winners of the Walt Whitman Award}}

Named after poet Walt Whitman, the award is based on a competition of book-length poetry manuscripts by American poets who have not yet published a book.{{cite web |url=http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/110 |title=Walt Whitman Award |publisher=Academy of American Poets |access-date=2009-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707092251/http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/110 |archive-date=2009-07-07 |url-status=dead }} It has been described as "a transformative honor that includes publication and distribution of the book though the Academy, $5,000 in cash and a residency at the Civitella Ranieri Foundation."{{Cite web|url=https://www.pw.org/content/academy_expands_whitman_award|title=Academy Expands Whitman Award|date=August 5, 2014|website=Poets & Writers}}{{cite journal |last=Lee |first=Dallas |title=Walt Whitman, the sublime and the Bibb County Dump |journal=Like the Dew: A Journal of Southern Culture and Politics |date=May 6, 2009 |url=http://likethedew.com/2009/05/06/walt-whitman-the-sublime-and-the-bibb-county-dump/ |access-date=2009-05-21}} The Library of Congress includes the Award among distinctions noted for poets,{{cite web |title=Authors Jared Carter and Debra Magpie Earling To Read on Dec. 9 |url=https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2004/04-204.html |publisher=The Library of Congress |date=December 6, 2004}} as does The New York Times, which also occasionally publishes articles about new awards.{{cite news |title=Walt Whitman Award - NYTimes.com Search |url=https://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch?date_select=full&query=%22Walt+Whitman+Award |access-date=2009-06-14 | work=The New York Times | first=Newoldage | last=Blog}}

The award was established in 1975. In a New York Times opinion piece from 1985, the novelist John Barth noted that 1475 manuscripts had been entered into one of the Whitman Award competitions, which exceeded the number of subscribers to some poetry journals.{{cite news |title=Writing: Can It Be Taught? |last=Barth |first=John |author-link=John Barth |work=The New York Times |date=June 16, 1985}} From 1992 to 2014, Louisiana State University Press published each volume as part of its "Walt Whitman Award Series"{{cite web |title=Series: Walt Whitman Award of the Academy of American Poets |publisher=Louisiana State University Press |url=http://www.lsu.edu/lsupress/series_wwp.html |access-date=2009-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007151619/http://www.lsu.edu/lsupress/series_wwp.html |archive-date=2008-10-07 |url-status=dead }} Beginning 2015, Graywolf Press published the winning manuscript.[https://www.pw.org/content/academy_expands_whitman_award "Academy Expands Whitman Award "] Poets & Writers The Academy purchases and distributes copies to its members, along with copies of the winning volume for the James Laughlin Award.{{cite web |title=Membership |publisher=Academy of American Poets |url=http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/69 |access-date=2009-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303222129/http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/69 |archive-date=2009-03-03 |url-status=dead }}

{{Main|List of winners of the Harold Morton Landon Translation Award}}

This $1,000 award recognizes a poetry collection translated from any language into English and published in the previous calendar year. Established in 1976, it is given annually. A noted translator chooses the winning book.{{cite web |url=https://www.poets.org/academy-american-poets/prizes/harold-morton-landon-translation-award |title=Harold Morton Landon Translation Award |publisher=Academy of American Poets |access-date=2009-05-04 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090515191229/http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/112| archive-date= 15 May 2009 | url-status= live}}

{{Main|List of winners of the Wallace Stevens Award}}

Named for Wallace Stevens, the award was established in 1994 by Dorothea Tanning to "recognize outstanding and proven mastery in the art of poetry". Nominations are not accepted. The winner, who must be an American citizen, is chosen by the Academy of American Poets Board of Chancellors and receives $100,000.{{cite web |url=http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/107 |title=Wallace Stevens Award |publisher=Academy of American Poets |access-date=2009-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615195748/http://poets.org/page.php/prmID/107 |archive-date=2010-06-15 |url-status=dead }}

{{Main|List of winners of the Raiziss/de Palchi Translation Awards}}

Established in 1995, the award seeks to recognize American translators for "outstanding translations into English of modern Italian poetry" that have been published through non-self-publication means. The prize alternates annually between a straight $10,000 book price and a fellowship at the American Academy in Rome and $20,000 for use in advancing a "significant work-in-progress", such as through travel or study. The award is administered for The New York Community Trust and funded by a bequest from Sonia Raiziss Giop.{{cite web |url=http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/111 |title=Raiziss/de Palchi Translation Awards |publisher=Academy of American Poets |access-date=2009-05-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516232839/http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/111 |archive-date=2009-05-16 |url-status=dead }}

Established in 2013, the Aliki Perroti and Seth Frank Most Promising Young Poet Award recognizes a student poet twenty-three years old or younger, with an annual cash prize of $1,000.{{cite web |url=http://www.poets.org/academy-american-poets/prizes/aliki-perroti-and-seth-frank-most-promising-young-poet-award |title=Academy Most Promising |publisher=Academy of American Poets |access-date=2015-01-17 }}

Established in 2017, the Ambroggio Prize is the only annual award of its kind in the United States that honors American poets whose first language is Spanish. It is a $1,000 publication prize given for a book-length poetry manuscript originally written in Spanish and with an English translation.[https://www.poets.org/academy-american-poets/prizes/ambroggio-prize "Ambroggio Prize"] Poets.org Luis Alberto Ambroggio sponsored the prize to "celebrate poets in the United States writing in Spanish as an important part of our rich American poetic tradition."[https://www.poets.org/academy-american-poets/stanza/academy-american-poets-launches-poetry-prize-works-spanishacademia-de "Academy of American Poets Launches Poetry Prize for Works in Spanish"] Poets.org

Main Article: List of Winners of the Academy of American Poets Laureate Fellowships

Past awards include the Copernicus Award (from 1974 to 1977), the Edgar Award (from 1974 to 1977), and the Peter I. B. Lavan Younger Poets Award (from 1983 to 1994).{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803083805/http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/114 |archive-date=2013-08-03 |url=http://www.poets.org/page.php/prmID/114 |title=Past Awards & Grants |publisher=Academy of American Poets }}

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• {{Official website|http://www.poets.org}}

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Category:American poetry awards

Category:Non-profit organizations based in New York City

Category:Arts organizations established in 1934

Category:1934 establishments in the United States

Category:Poetry organizations based in the United States