Acanthocalycium
{{Short description|Genus of plants from Argentina}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Acanthocalycium violaceum.jpg
| image_caption = Acanthocalycium spiniflorum
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Acanthocalycium
| authority = Backeb.
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text.
|type_species =Acanthocalycium spiniflorum
}}
Acanthocalycium is a genus of cactus consisting of several species from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The taxon name comes from Greek akantha (meaning prickly) and kalyx (meaning buds), which refers to the spines on the floral tubes.{{cite book
| last = Eggli
| first = U.
| last2 = Newton
| first2 = L.E.
| title = Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names
| publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
| year = 2004
| isbn = 978-3-540-00489-9
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=u2n5vusQ1DEC&pg=PA1
| access-date = 20 September 2018
| page = 1
}}
Description
These plants are globose to elongate, with numerous ribs on the spiny stems columnar stem succulents up to 60 cm high and 20 cm in diameter. The plants usually remain unbranched or branch slightly from the bases. The areoles, which stand on up to 20 ribs, have many spines up to about 8 cm long, which are only indistinctly divided into edge and central spines.
Flowers range from yellow to orange or white to pink or magenta and open during the day. The funnel-shaped flowers, formed by areoles near the apex, have scales on the outside that taper into sharp thorns. This feature is typical of the genus Acanthocalycium and only occurs in it. Inside, the area of the flower containing the ovary (ovary) is protected with a ring of hairs.{{cite book | last=Anderson | first=Edward F. | last2=Eggli | first2=Urs | last3=Anderson | first3=Edward F. | title=Das große Kakteen-Lexikon | publisher=Ulmer | publication-place=Stuttgart (Hohenheim) | date=2005 | isbn=3-8001-4573-1 | language=de | page= 67–68}}
Taxonomy
Spinicalycium Fric (nom. inval.) has been brought into synonymy with this genus. Besides, the genus Acanthocalycium has been periodically included in the genus Echinopsis.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}}
= Species =
{{As of|2023|October}}, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:{{Cite POWO|title=Acanthocalycium Backeb..|id=295863-2|access-date=2023-10-10|mode=cs1}}
| class="wikitable" | ||
| Image | Scientific Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|
| 120px | Acanthocalycium klinglerianum (Cárdenas) Lodé | Bolivia |
| 120px | Acanthocalycium leucanthum (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb. | Argentina |
| 120px | Acanthocalycium rhodotrichum (K.Schum.) Schlumpb. | E. Bolivia to W. Central Brazil and Uruguay |
| 120px | Acanthocalycium spiniflorum (K.Schum.) Backeb. | Argentina |
| 120px | Acanthocalycium thionanthum (Speg.) Backeb. | Argentina |
References
{{Reflist}}
- Edward F. Anderson, The Cactus Family (Timber Press, 2001), pp. 105–106
- Willy Cullmann, Erich Götz & Gerhard Gröner, The Encyclopedia of Cacti (Alphabooks, 1086). pp. 124–125
File:Gymnocalycium (acanthocalycium) violaceum.JPG
{{Taxonbar|from=Q133858}}