Ad-Damir
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{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Ad-Damir
| other_name = Ad-Dāmar
| native_name = {{Nobold|{{lang|ar|الدامر}}}}
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| image_skyline = Ed Damer marketstreet.jpg
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| map_caption = Location of Ad-Damir within Sudan
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| pushpin_map = Sudan
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Sudan
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = 25px Sudan
|subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = River Nile State
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| leader_name = Hatim Al-Wasila Al-Sammani
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| population_total = 122,944{{citation needed|date=November 2023}}
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| timezone = UTC
| utc_offset = +3
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| coordinates = {{coord|17|35|24|N|33|57|36|E|region:SD|display=inline}}
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| postal_code_type = postal_code
| postal_code = 46612
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| blank_name = Rank
| blank_info = 19th, Sudan
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Ad-Damir or ad-Damar ({{langx|ar|الدامر|ad-Dāmar}}) is the capital of the River Nile state in Sudan. It lies on the right (east) bank of the Nile River, at an elevation of {{convert|1,158|ft|m|abbr=off}}, about {{convert|155|mi|km}} northeast of Khartoum, with a population of about 122,944 (estimated 2012).{{citation needed|date=November 2023}} Its famous market, Soug as-Sabit, is the most important in the area. Ad-Dāmar is an example of a Sudanese African-Islamic city founded toward the end of the fifteenth century. Since ad-Damar was located on the bank of the river, it could be expected to exhibit a linear morphology.
By 1814, it was a large town, containing about 500 houses. The city was clean and had many new buildings. Houses were uniform in construction and with regular streets with shady trees (Burckhardt, 1980; Crawford, 1951). Ad-Dāmar is linked by road and railway and both transport routes are almost parallel to the Nile River, with nearby ʿAṭbarah and Barbar and with Khartoum. An oil pipeline, about {{convert|530|mi|km}} in length, between Port Sudan and Khartoum passes by the outskirts of the town. Pop. (2008 prelim.) 73,654.
It is mentioned in some books that Ad-Dāmar is one of the oldest cities in the country and the whole region.{{Cite web |title=Relation History: ad-Damer (4664616) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/4664616/history |access-date=2022-06-18 |website=OpenStreetMap |language=en}}
{{commons category}}
History
=Turkish Egyptian rule=
In 1821, Ismail Kamel Pasha, the son of Muhammad Ali Pasha, during his invasion to Sudan, sent his ally the leader of the Mirbab tribe, Nasr al-Din al-Sadig, from the city of Berber to Ad-Damar, to urge the elders (Almajazeeb) of the city to offer loyalty to the new ruler of the country.
The elders of the city refused to do so and threatened to confront the Basha if their city was entered by his people.
Ismael Kamel Pasha continued to move inwards and moved with his army from Barber to the Horn, where Atbara River meets with the Nile. Ismael Kamel Pasha met Almajazeeb with their neighbors and allies at the Quib area (where there is Atbara bridge currently) and was followed by the Faqih Muhammad bin Faqih Ahmad Ab Jadari.
The invasion army used reinforcements from soldiers to defeat the fighters of the Majazeeb. The Majazeeb were defeated, killed and their families, houses and mosques destroyed. Almjazeeb distributed among the areas of Atbara river, Botana, Kassala, and Gedaref. In the end, the Majazeeb left Ad-Dāmar. Ad-Dāmar returned to its former prosperity when the Turks issued a general amnesty for the people of Ad-Dāmar, leaders and Sheikhs. The students started to come back seeking education again.
The relationship between the elders of the Damer (Almajazeeb) and the Turkish-Egyptian government improved, even more, when General Gordon Pasha arrived in Sudan, where he was welcomed by them. He ordered the exemption of their leader, the jurist Ahmed bin Jalaluddin, from taxes. He was rewarded with an annual grant of ten pounds.
=The Mahdia Revolution=
Sheikhs in Ad-Dāmar supported the Mahdia revolution and they did {{transliteration|ar|albaia}} (the promise) to Khalifa Abdullah Altaeshi and chose to stand by their side in the war against the Turkish rule and engaged in various sites of jihad. A number of people from Ad-Dāmar became leaders in the army of the Mahdia.
Climate
Ad-Damir has a hot desert climate (Köppen: BWh){{Cite journal |date=23 October 2023 |title=Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria. |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02549-6/tables/1 |journal=Nature: Scientific Data |language=en}} characterized by consistently high temperatures, minimal precipitation, and low humidity. April through October are extremely hot, with high temperatures often exceeding {{convert|40|Celsius}}, while the rest of the year experiences somewhat cooler temperatures.
{{Weather box
| width = auto
| collapsed = yes
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Ad-Damir (1991–2020)
| Jan record high C = 39.6
| Feb record high C = 41.5
| Mar record high C = 45.6
| Apr record high C = 46.0
| May record high C = 48.6
| Jun record high C = 47.2
| Jul record high C = 46.6
| Aug record high C = 46.3
| Sep record high C = 45.2
| Oct record high C = 44.3
| Nov record high C = 40.6
| Dec record high C = 39.8
| year record high C = 48.6
| Jan high C = 29.6
| Feb high C = 32.2
| Mar high C = 35.7
| Apr high C = 39.5
| May high C = 42.4
| Jun high C = 43.1
| Jul high C = 40.7
| Aug high C = 40.1
| Sep high C = 41.4
| Oct high C = 39.7
| Nov high C = 34.9
| Dec high C = 31.4
| year high C = 37.6
| Jan mean C = 21.7
| Feb mean C = 23.7
| Mar mean C = 27.0
| Apr mean C = 30.8
| May mean C = 34.2
| Jun mean C = 35.5
| Jul mean C = 34.2
| Aug mean C = 33.7
| Sep mean C = 34.3
| Oct mean C = 32.4
| Nov mean C = 27.6
| Dec mean C = 23.7
| year mean C = 29.9
| Jan low C = 13.8
| Feb low C = 15.3
| Mar low C = 18.2
| Apr low C = 22.2
| May low C = 26.1
| Jun low C = 27.9
| Jul low C = 27.6
| Aug low C = 27.4
| Sep low C = 27.2
| Oct low C = 25.1
| Nov low C = 20.3
| Dec low C = 16.0
| year low C = 22.3
| Jan record low C = 6.0
| Feb record low C = 5.8
| Mar record low C = 10.2
| Apr record low C = 12.5
| May record low C = 14.9
| Jun record low C = 21.5
| Jul record low C = 21.6
| Aug record low C = 20.0
| Sep record low C = 20.4
| Oct record low C = 16.7
| Nov record low C = 11.8
| Dec record low C = 8.2
| year record low C = 5.8
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 0.0
| Feb precipitation mm = 0.0
| Mar precipitation mm = 0.0
| Apr precipitation mm = 0.0
| May precipitation mm = 3.2
| Jun precipitation mm = 1.6
| Jul precipitation mm = 7.6
| Aug precipitation mm = 24.7
| Sep precipitation mm = 6.2
| Oct precipitation mm = 3.5
| Nov precipitation mm = 0.0
| Dec precipitation mm = 0.0
| year precipitation mm = 47.0
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 0.0
| Feb precipitation days = 0.0
| Mar precipitation days = 0.0
| Apr precipitation days = 0.0
| May precipitation days = 0.4
| Jun precipitation days = 0.2
| Jul precipitation days = 1.3
| Aug precipitation days = 1.8
| Sep precipitation days = 1.1
| Oct precipitation days = 0.5
| Nov precipitation days = 0.0
| Dec precipitation days = 0.0
| year precipitation days = 5.4
| Jan humidity = 34
| Feb humidity = 27
| Mar humidity = 20
| Apr humidity = 17
| May humidity = 18
| Jun humidity = 19
| Jul humidity = 29
| Aug humidity = 35
| Sep humidity = 27
| Oct humidity = 28
| Nov humidity = 31
| Dec humidity = 36
| year humidity = 27
| Jan sun = 306.9
| Feb sun = 274.4
| Mar sun = 306.9
| Apr sun = 306.0
| May sun = 291.4
| Jun sun = 267.0
| Jul sun = 248.0
| Aug sun = 229.4
| Sep sun = 252.0
| Oct sun = 291.4
| Nov sun = 303.0
| Dec sun = 306.9
| year sun = 3383.3
| source 1 = NOAA{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Sudan/CSV/Hudieba_62682.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Ad-Damir
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 21, 2024}}
}}
Administration
Ad-Damer is the capital of the River Nile state. It consists of seven administrative units:
- Ad-Dāmar City Unit.
- Unit Sidon.
- Al-Atabrawi unit.
- Unit of the Nile.
- Zaidab unit.
- Rescue Unit.
- New Manaseer Unit.
References
{{Reflist}}
{{coord|17|35|24|N|33|57|36|E|type:city(109740)_region:SD_source:dewiki|display=title}}
Category:State capitals in Sudan