Ada Lovelace

Lord Byron expected his child to be a "glorious boy" and was disappointed when Lady Byron gave birth to a girl.{{Sfn|Turney|1972|p=35}} The child was named after Byron's half-sister, Augusta Leigh, and was called "Ada" by Byron himself.{{Sfn|Stein|1985|p=17}} On 16 January 1816, at Lord Byron's command, Lady Byron left for her parents' home at Kirkby Mallory, taking their five-week-old daughter with her.{{Sfn|Turney|1972|p=35}} Although English law at the time granted full custody of children to the father in cases of separation, Lord Byron made no attempt to claim his parental rights,{{Sfn|Stein|1985|p=16}} but did request that his sister keep him informed of Ada's welfare.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=80}}

File:Miniature of Ada Byron.jpg

On 21 April, Lord Byron signed the deed of separation, although very reluctantly, and left England for good a few days later.{{Sfn|Turney|1972|pp=36–38}} Aside from an acrimonious separation, Lady Byron continued throughout her life to make allegations about her husband's immoral behaviour.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=74–77}} This set of events made Lovelace infamous in Victorian society. Ada did not have a relationship with her father. He died in 1824 when she was eight years old. Her mother was the only significant parental figure in her life.{{Harvnb|Turney|1972|p=138}}. Lovelace was not shown the family portrait of her father until her 20th birthday.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=10}}

File:Ada Lovelace child portrait Somerville College.jpg, 1822, Somerville College, Oxford|alt=Ada Byron, portrait at age 7]]

Lovelace did not have a close relationship with her mother. She was often left in the care of her maternal grandmother Judith, Hon. Lady Milbanke, who doted on her. However, because of societal attitudes of the time—which favoured the husband in any separation, with the welfare of any child acting as mitigation—Lady Byron had to present herself as a loving mother to the rest of society. This included writing anxious letters to Lady Milbanke about her daughter's welfare, with a cover note saying to retain the letters in case she had to use them to show maternal concern.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=85–87}} In one letter to Lady Milbanke, she referred to her daughter as "it": "I talk to it for your satisfaction, not my own, and shall be very glad when you have it under your own."{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=86}} Lady Byron had her teenage daughter watched by close friends for any sign of moral deviation. Lovelace dubbed these observers the "Furies" and later complained they exaggerated and invented stories about her.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=119}}

File:Ada Byron aged seventeen (1832).jpg

Lovelace was often ill, beginning in early childhood. At the age of eight, she experienced headaches that obscured her vision.{{Sfn | Stein|1985|p=17}} In June 1829, she was paralyzed after a bout of measles. She was subjected to continuous bed rest for nearly a year, something which may have extended her period of disability. By 1831, she was able to walk with crutches. Despite the illnesses, she developed her mathematical and technological skills.

{{Blockquote|text=When Ada was twelve years old, this future "Lady Fairy", as Charles Babbage affectionately called her, decided she wanted to fly. Ada Byron went about the project methodically, thoughtfully, with imagination and passion. Her first step, in February 1828, was to construct wings. She investigated different material and sizes. She considered various materials for the wings: paper, oilsilk, wires, and feathers. She examined the anatomy of birds to determine the right proportion between the wings and the body. She decided to write a book, Flyology, illustrating, with plates, some of her findings. She decided what equipment she would need; for example, a compass, to "cut across the country by the most direct road", so that she could surmount mountains, rivers, and valleys. Her final step was to integrate steam with the "art of flying".}}

Ada Byron had an affair with a tutor in early 1833. She tried to elope with him after she was caught, but the tutor's relatives recognised her and contacted her mother. Lady Byron and her friends covered the incident up to prevent a public scandal.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=120–21}} Lovelace never met her younger half-sister, Allegra, the daughter of Lord Byron and Claire Clairmont. Allegra died in 1822 at the age of five. Lovelace did have some contact with Elizabeth Medora Leigh, the daughter of Byron's half-sister Augusta Leigh, who purposely avoided Lovelace as much as possible when introduced at court.{{Sfn|Turney|1972|p=155}}

File:Ada Lovelace portrait.jpg|alt=Ada King, Countess of Lovelace. Watercolour portrait circa 1840]]

Lovelace became close friends with her tutor Mary Somerville, who introduced her to Charles Babbage in 1833. She had a strong respect and affection for Somerville,{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=138–40}} and they corresponded for many years. Other acquaintances included the scientists Andrew Crosse, Sir David Brewster, Charles Wheatstone, Michael Faraday and the author Charles Dickens. She was presented at Court at the age of seventeen "and became a popular belle of the season" in part because of her "brilliant mind".{{Sfn|Turney|1972|p=138}} By 1834 Ada was a regular at Court and started attending various events. She danced often and was able to charm many people, and was described by most people as being dainty, although John Hobhouse, Byron's friend, described her as "a large, coarse-skinned young woman but with something of my friend's features, particularly the mouth".{{Sfn|Turney|1972|pp=138–39}} This description followed their meeting on 24 February 1834 in which Ada made it clear to Hobhouse that she did not like him, probably due to her mother's influence, which led her to dislike all of her father's friends. This first impression was not to last, and they later became friends.{{Sfn|Turney|1972|p=139}}

File:Ada Lovelace's husband William King in uniform.webp

On 8 July 1835, she married William, 8th Baron King, becoming Lady King. They had three homes: Ockham Park, Surrey; a Scottish estate on Loch Torridon in Ross-shire; and a house in London. They spent their honeymoon at Ashley Combe near Porlock Weir, Somerset, which had been built as a hunting lodge in 1799 and was improved by King in preparation for their honeymoon. It later became their summer retreat and was further improved during this time. From 1845, the family's main house was Horsley Towers, built in the Tudorbethan fashion by the architect of the Houses of Parliament, Charles Barry,{{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol3/pp349-352 |title=A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 3. Parishes: East Horsley|access-date=26 February 2017 |quote=Horsley Towers is a large house standing in a park of 300 acres, the seat of the Earl of Lovelace. The old house was rebuilt about 1745. The present house was built by Sir Charles Barry for Mr. Currie on a new site, between 1820 and 1829, in Elizabethan style. Mr. Currie, who owned the combined manors, 1784–1829, rebuilt most of the houses in the village and restored the church.}}{{cite book|title=Andrew Crosse and the mite that shocked the world: The life and work of an electrical pioneer |last=Wright |first=Brian |isbn=978-1-78462-438-5 |page=262 |year=2015 |publisher=Matador }} and later greatly enlarged to Lovelace's own designs.

File:Ada Byron daguerreotype by Antoine Claudet 1843 or 1850 - cropped (cropped).png of Lovelace by Antoine Claudet ({{circa}} 1843)

{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/adalovelace/2015/10/14/only-known-photographs-of-ada-lovelace-in-bodleian-display/|title=Only known photographs of Ada Lovelace in Bodleian Display|year=2015|website=Bodleian|access-date=10 October 2017}}]]

They had three children: Byron (born 1836); Anne Isabella (called Annabella, born 1837); and Ralph Gordon (born 1839). Immediately after the birth of Annabella, Lady King experienced "a tedious and suffering illness, which took months to cure".{{Sfn|Turney|1972|p=139}} Ada was a descendant of the extinct Barons Lovelace and in 1838, her husband was made Earl of Lovelace and Viscount Ockham, meaning Ada became the Countess of Lovelace.{{cite news |via=NewspaperArchive.com |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/entertainment-clipping-apr-09-1841-1422479/ |work=Macon Georgia Telegraph |location=Macon, Georgia |date=9 April 1841 |page=3 |title=New York Fifty Years Ago }} In 1843–44, Ada's mother assigned William Benjamin Carpenter to teach Ada's children and to act as a "moral" instructor for Ada.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=285–86}} He quickly fell for her and encouraged her to express any frustrated affections, claiming that his marriage meant he would never act in an "unbecoming" manner. When it became clear that Carpenter was trying to start an affair, Ada cut it off.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=289–96}}

In 1841, Lovelace and Medora Leigh (the daughter of Lord Byron's half-sister Augusta Leigh) were told by Ada's mother that Ada's father was also Medora's father.{{Sfn|Turney|1972|p=159}} On 27 February 1841, Ada wrote to her mother: "I am not in the least astonished. In fact, you merely confirm what I have for years and years felt scarcely a doubt about, but should have considered it most improper in me to hint to you that I in any way suspected."{{Sfn|Turney|1972|p=160}} She did not blame the incestuous relationship on Byron, but instead blamed Augusta Leigh: "I fear she is more inherently wicked than he ever was."{{Sfn|Moore|1961|p=431}} In the 1840s, Ada flirted with scandals: firstly, from a relaxed approach to extra-marital relationships with men, leading to rumours of affairs;{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=302}} and secondly, from her love of gambling. She apparently lost more than £3,000 on the horses during the later 1840s.{{cite web|url=http://www.hrc.wmin.ac.uk/theory-babbagesdancer-print.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030628211849/http://www.hrc.wmin.ac.uk/theory-babbagesdancer-print.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 June 2003|title=Babbage's Dancer|first=Simon|last=Schaffer|publisher=the hypermedia research centre|access-date=4 August 2017}} The gambling led to her forming a syndicate with male friends, and an ambitious attempt in 1851 to create a mathematical model for successful large bets. This went disastrously wrong, leaving her thousands of pounds in debt to the syndicate, forcing her to admit it all to her husband.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=340–42}} She had a shadowy relationship with Andrew Crosse's son John from 1844 onwards. John Crosse destroyed most of their correspondence after her death as part of a legal agreement. She bequeathed him the only heirlooms her father had personally left to her.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=336–37}} During her final illness, she would panic at the idea of the younger Crosse being kept from visiting her.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=361}}

File:Ada Lovelace sonnet The Rainbow Somerville College.JPG)]]

From 1832, when she was seventeen, her mathematical abilities began to emerge,{{Sfn|Turney|1972|p=138}} and her interest in mathematics dominated the majority of her adult life.{{Sfn|Stein|1985|pp=28–30}} Her mother's obsession with rooting out any of the insanity of which she accused Byron was one of the reasons that Ada was taught mathematics from an early age. She was privately educated in mathematics and science by William Frend, William King,William King, her tutor, and William King, her future husband, were not related. and Mary Somerville, the noted 19th-century researcher and scientific author. In the 1840s, the mathematician Augustus De Morgan extended her "much help in her mathematical studies" including study of advanced calculus topics including the "numbers of Bernoulli" (that formed her celebrated algorithm for Babbage's Analytical Engine).Thomas J. Misa, "Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace, and the Bernoulli Numbers" in Ada's Legacy: Cultures of Computing from the Victorian to the Digital Age, edited by Robin Hammerman and Andrew L. Russell (ACM Books, 2015), pp. 18–20, {{doi|10.1145/2809523}}. In a letter to Lady Byron, De Morgan suggested that Ada's skill in mathematics might lead her to become "an original mathematical investigator, perhaps of first-rate eminence".{{Sfn|Stein|1985|p=82}}

Lovelace often questioned basic assumptions through integrating poetry and science. Whilst studying differential calculus, she wrote to De Morgan:

I may remark that the curious transformations many formulae can undergo, the unsuspected and to a beginner apparently impossible identity of forms exceedingly dissimilar at first sight, is I think one of the chief difficulties in the early part of mathematical studies. I am often reminded of certain sprites and fairies one reads of, who are at one's elbows in one shape now, and the next minute in a form most dissimilar.{{Sfn|Toole|1998|p=99}}

Lovelace believed that intuition and imagination were critical to effectively applying mathematical and scientific concepts. She valued metaphysics as much as mathematics, viewing both as tools for exploring "the unseen worlds around us".{{Sfn|Toole|1998|pp=91–100}}

File:Ada Lovelace in 1852.jpg (1852). Although in great pain at the time, she agreed to sit for the painting as her father, Lord Byron, had been painted by Phillips' father, Thomas Phillips.|alt=Ada Lovelace, painted portrait circa 1852]]

Lovelace died at the age of 36 on 27 November 1852{{Citation |publisher=GRO |title=Register of Deaths |contribution=December 1852 1a * MARYLEBONE – Augusta Ada Lovelace}}. from cervical cancer (which contemporary accounts called uterine cancer, since a distinction between the two was not made at time).{{Sfn|Baum|1986|pp=99–100}}{{Cite book |last=Lowy |first=Ilana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0vgZtfspJMC&dq=ada+lovelace+cervical+cancer&pg=PP1 |title=A Woman's Disease: The History of Cervical Cancer |date=2011-11-10 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-954881-1 |language=en}} The illness lasted several months, in which time Annabella took command over whom Ada saw, and excluded all of her friends and confidants. Under her mother's influence, Ada had a religious transformation and was coaxed into repenting of her previous conduct and making Annabella her executor.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=370}} She lost contact with her husband after confessing something to him on 30 August which caused him to abandon her bedside. It is not known what she told him.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=369}} She was buried, at her request, next to her father at the Church of St. Mary Magdalene in Hucknall, Nottinghamshire.{{cite magazine |last=Wolfram | first=Stephen | title=Untangling the Tale of Ada Lovelace | magazine=WIRED | date=22 December 2015 | url=https://www.wired.com/2015/12/untangling-the-tale-of-ada-lovelace/ | access-date=6 April 2024}}

Throughout her life, Lovelace was strongly interested in scientific developments and fads of the day, including phrenology{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=198}} and mesmerism.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=232–33}} After her work with Babbage, Lovelace continued to work on other projects. In 1844, she commented to a friend Woronzow Greig about her desire to create a mathematical model for how the brain gives rise to thoughts and nerves to feelings ("a calculus of the nervous system").{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=305}} She never achieved this, however. In part, her interest in the brain came from a long-running preoccupation, inherited from her mother, about her "potential" madness. As part of her research into this project, she visited the electrical engineer Andrew Crosse in 1844 to learn how to carry out electrical experiments.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=310–14}} In the same year, she wrote a review of a paper by Baron Karl von Reichenbach, Researches on Magnetism, but this was not published and does not appear to have progressed past the first draft.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=315–17}} In 1851, the year before her cancer struck, she wrote to her mother mentioning "certain productions" she was working on regarding the relation of maths and music.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=335}}

File:Ada Lovelace.jpg by the British painter Margaret Sarah Carpenter (1836)|alt=Ada Lovelace, painted portrait circa 1836]]

Lovelace first met Charles Babbage in June 1833, through their mutual friend Mary Somerville. Later that month, Babbage invited Lovelace to see the prototype for his difference engine.{{Sfn|Toole|1998|pp=36–38}} She became fascinated with the machine and used her relationship with Somerville to visit Babbage as often as she could. Babbage was impressed by Lovelace's intellect and analytic skills. He called her "The Enchantress of Number".{{cite web |url=http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2015/12/untangling-the-tale-of-ada-lovelace/ |first=Stephen |last=Wolfram |author-link=Stephen Wolfram |title=Untangling the Tale of Ada Lovelace |date=10 December 2015 |quote=Then, on Sept. 9, Babbage wrote to Ada, expressing his admiration for her and (famously) describing her as 'Enchantress of Number' and 'my dear and much admired Interpreter'. (Yes, despite what's often quoted, he wrote 'Number' not 'Numbers'.)}}Some writers give it as "Enchantress of Numbers". In 1843, he wrote to her:

{{Blockquote|Forget this world and all its troubles and if possible its multitudinous Charlatans—every thing in short but the Enchantress of Number.}}

{{anchor|Ada Byron's notes on the analytical engine}}

During a nine-month period in 1842–43, Lovelace translated the Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea's article on Babbage's newest proposed machine, the Analytical Engine.{{cite journal |first1=Velma R. |last1=Huskey |author-link1=Velma Huskey |first2=Harry D. |last2=Huskey |author-link2=Harry Huskey |title=Lady Lovelace and Charles Babbage |journal=Annals of the History of Computing |volume=2 |number=4 |pages=299–329 |date=1980 |doi=10.1109/MAHC.1980.10042|s2cid=2640048 }} With the article, she appended a set of notes.{{Sfn|Menabrea|1843}} Explaining the Analytical Engine's function was a difficult task; many other scientists did not grasp the concept and the British establishment had shown little interest in it.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=265}} Lovelace's notes even had to explain how the Analytical Engine differed from the original Difference Engine.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=267}} Her work was well received at the time; the scientist Michael Faraday described himself as a supporter of her writing.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=307}}

The notes are around three times longer than the article itself and include (in Note G),{{Cite web|url=http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html|title=Sketch of The Analytical Engine, with notes upon the Memoir by the Translator|publisher=fourmilab.ch|place=Switzerland|date=October 1842|access-date=28 March 2014}} in complete detail, a method for calculating a sequence of Bernoulli numbers using the Analytical Engine, which might have run correctly had it ever been built (only Babbage's Difference Engine has been built, completed in London in 2002).{{cite web|url=http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage|title=The Babbage Engine|publisher=Computer History Museum|year=2008}} Based on this work, Lovelace is now considered by many to be the first computer programmer{{Cite journal |last1=Füegi |first1=John |last2=Francis |first2=Jo |date=2015-08-14 |title=Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes' |url=https://doi.org/10.1145/2810201 |journal=ACM Inroads |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=78–86 |doi=10.1145/2810201 |s2cid=7666218 |issn=2153-2184 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215003909/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/81bb/f32d2642a7a8c6b0a867379a4e9e99d872bc.pdf |archive-date=2020-02-15 |quote="She became the first person known to have crossed the intellectual threshold between conceptualizing computing as only for calculation on the one hand, and on the other hand, computing as we know it today: with wider applications made possible by symbolic substitution."}}{{Cite journal |last1=Haugtvedt |first1=Erica |last2=Abata |first2=Duane |date=2021 |title=Ada Lovelace: First Computer Programmer and Hacker? |url=http://peer.asee.org/36646 |journal=ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access |publisher=ASEE Conferences |doi=10.18260/1-2--36646}}{{Cite book |last=Adams |first=Beverley |title=Ada Lovelace: The World's First Computer Programmer |publisher=Pen & Sword History |year=2023 |isbn=9781399082532 |location=Philadelphia, USA}} and her method has been called the world's first computer program.{{cite book |last=Gleick |first=James |author-link=James Gleick |year=2011 |title=The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood |location=London |publisher=Fourth Estate |pages=116–118}}

Note G also contains Lovelace's dismissal of artificial intelligence. She wrote that "The Analytical Engine has no pretensions whatever to originate anything. It can do whatever we know how to order it to perform. It can follow analysis; but it has no power of anticipating any analytical relations or truths." This objection has been the subject of much debate and rebuttal, for example by Alan Turing in his paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence".{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEMYUU_HFMAC&pg=PA67 |journal=The Turing Test: Verbal Behavior as the Hallmark of Intelligence |editor=Stuart Shieber |title=Computing Machinery and Intelligence |author=Turing, Alan |pages=67–104 |publisher=MIT Press |year=2004|isbn=978-0-262-26542-3 }} Most modern computer scientists argue that this view is outdated and that computer software can develop in ways that cannot necessarily be anticipated by programmers.{{Cite journal |last1=Natale |first1=Simone |last2=Henrickson |first2=Leah |date=2022-03-04 |title=The Lovelace effect: Perceptions of creativity in machines |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221077278 |journal=New Media & Society |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=1909–1926 |doi=10.1177/14614448221077278 |s2cid=247267997 |issn=1461-4448 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127000000/https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221077278 |archive-date=27 January 2022 |access-date=9 March 2022 |url-status=live }} [https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/182906/ Alt URL]

Lovelace and Babbage had a minor falling out when the papers were published, when he tried to leave his own statement (criticising the government's treatment of his Engine) as an unsigned preface, which could have been mistakenly interpreted as a joint declaration. When Taylor's Scientific Memoirs ruled that the statement should be signed, Babbage wrote to Lovelace asking her to withdraw the paper. This was the first that she knew he was leaving it unsigned, and she wrote back refusing to withdraw the paper. The historian Benjamin Woolley theorised that "His actions suggested he had so enthusiastically sought Ada's involvement, and so happily indulged her ... because of her 'celebrated name'."{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=277–80}} Their friendship recovered, and they continued to correspond. On 12 August 1851, when she was dying of cancer, Lovelace wrote to him asking him to be her executor, though this letter did not give him the necessary legal authority. Part of the terrace at Worthy Manor was known as Philosopher's Walk; it was there that Lovelace and Babbage were reputed to have walked while discussing mathematical principles.{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|p=307}}

{{main|Note G}}

File:Diagram for the computation of Bernoulli numbers.jpg", the first published computer algorithm|alt=Diagram for the computation by the Engine of the Numbers of Bernoulli]]

In 1840, Babbage was invited to give a seminar at the University of Turin about his Analytical Engine. Luigi Menabrea, a young Italian engineer and the future Prime Minister of Italy, transcribed Babbage's lecture into French, and this transcript was subsequently published in the Bibliothèque universelle de Genève in October 1842.

Babbage's friend Charles Wheatstone commissioned Ada Lovelace to translate Menabrea's paper into English. She then augmented the paper with notes, which were added to the translation. Ada Lovelace spent the better part of a year doing this, assisted with input from Babbage. These notes, which are more extensive than Menabrea's paper, were then published in the September 1843 edition of Taylor's Scientific Memoirs under the initialism AAL.{{cite web |last=Green |first=Christopher |url=http://www.yorku.ca/christo/papers/Babbage-CogSci.htm |title=Charles Babbage, the Analytical Engine, and the Possibility of a 19th-Century Cognitive Science |publisher=York University |year=2001 |access-date=2 September 2018}}

Ada Lovelace's notes were labelled alphabetically from A to G. In Note G, she describes an algorithm for the Analytical Engine to compute Bernoulli numbers. It is considered to be the first published algorithm ever specifically tailored for implementation on a computer, and Ada Lovelace has often been cited as the first computer programmer for this reason.{{cite web|last=Simonite|first=Tom|url=https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/03/ada-lovelace-day.html|title=Short Sharp Science: Celebrating Ada Lovelace: the 'world's first programmer'| work=New Scientist |date=24 March 2009|archive-date=27 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090327073325/https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2009/03/ada-lovelace-day.html |url-status=dead}}{{cite book|last1=Parker|first1=Matt|title=Things to Make and Do in the Fourth Dimension|date=2014|publisher=Farrar, Straus & Giroux|isbn=978-0-374-27565-5|page=261}} However, Babbage claims credit for this portion of the paper in his autobiography.{{Cite book |last=Babbage |first=Charles |url=https://archive.org/details/passagesfromlife0000babb/mode/2up |title=Passages from the life of a philosopher |date=1864 |publisher=New Brunswick, N.J. : Rutgers University Press ; Piscataway, N.J. : IEEE Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-8135-2066-7 |quote=We discussed together the various illustrations that might be introduced: I suggested several, but the selection was entirely her own. So also was the algebraic working out of the different problems, except, indeed, that relating to the numbers of Bernouilli, which I had offered to do to save Lady Lovelace the trouble. This she sent back to me for an amendment, having detected a grave mistake which I had made in the process.}} The engine was never completed and so the program was never tested.{{sfn|Kim|Toole|1999}}

In 1953, more than a century after her death, Ada Lovelace's notes on Babbage's Analytical Engine were republished as an appendix to B. V. Bowden's Faster than Thought: A Symposium on Digital Computing Machines.{{Cite book |editor=Bowden, B.V. |date=1953 |title=Faster than Thought: A Symposium on Digital Computing Machines |url=https://archive.org/details/fasterthanthough00bvbo |publisher=Pitman |place=London |oclc=1053355 |ol=13581728M}} The engine has now been recognised as an early model for a computer and her notes as a description of a computer and software.{{cite book |editor1-first= Robin |editor1-last= Hammerman |editor2-first=Andrew L. |editor2-last= Russell| title=Ada's Legacy: Cultures of Computing from the Victorian to the Digital Age |publisher=Morgan & Claypool |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-97000-149-5 |doi=10.1145/2809523|s2cid= 62018931 }}

In her notes, Ada Lovelace emphasised the difference between the Analytical Engine and previous calculating machines, particularly its ability to be programmed to solve problems of any complexity.{{Sfn|Toole|1998|pp=175–82}} She realised the potential of the device extended far beyond mere number crunching. In her notes, she wrote:

{{Blockquote|[The Analytical Engine] might act upon other things besides number, were objects found whose mutual fundamental relations could be expressed by those of the abstract science of operations, and which should be also susceptible of adaptations to the action of the operating notation and mechanism of the engine...Supposing, for instance, that the fundamental relations of pitched sounds in the science of harmony and of musical composition were susceptible of such expression and adaptations, the engine might compose elaborate and scientific pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent.{{cite journal|last1=Lovelace|first1=Ada|last2=Menabrea|first2=Luigi|title=Sketch of the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage Esq.|year=1842|journal=Scientific Memoirs|publisher=Richard Taylor|page=694}}{{cite web|last=Hooper|first=Rowan|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn22385-ada-lovelace-my-brain-is-more-than-merely-mortal.html|title=Ada Lovelace: My brain is more than merely mortal| work=New Scientist |date=16 October 2012|access-date=16 October 2012}}}}

This analysis was an important development from previous ideas about the capabilities of computing devices and anticipated the implications of modern computing one hundred years before they were realised. Walter Isaacson ascribes Ada's insight regarding the application of computing to any process based on logical symbols to an observation about textiles: "When she saw some mechanical looms that used punchcards to direct the weaving of beautiful patterns, it reminded her of how Babbage's engine used punched cards to make calculations."{{cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2014/09/18/walter-isaacson-the-women-of-eniac/ |title=Walter Isaacson on the Women of ENIAC |last=Isaacson |first=Walter | authorlink=Walter Isaacson |date=18 September 2014 |work=Fortune}} This insight is seen as significant by writers such as Betty Toole and Benjamin Woolley, as well as the programmer John Graham-Cumming, whose project Plan 28 has the aim of constructing the first complete Analytical Engine.{{Sfn|Toole|1998|pp=2–3, 14}}{{Sfn|Woolley|1999|pp=272–77}}{{cite web |last=Ken t|first=Leo |url=http://www.humansinvent.com/#!/8947/the-10-year-plan-to-build-babbages-analytical-engine |title=The 10-year-plan to build Babbage's Analytical Engine |publisher=Humans Invent |date=17 September 2012 |access-date=16 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014123843/http://www.humansinvent.com/#!/8947/the-10-year-plan-to-build-babbages-analytical-engine |archive-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=usurped}}

According to the historian of computing and Babbage specialist Doron Swade:

Ada saw something that Babbage in some sense failed to see. In Babbage's world his engines were bound by number...What Lovelace saw...was that number could represent entities other than quantity. So once you had a machine for manipulating numbers, if those numbers represented other things, letters, musical notes, then the machine could manipulate symbols of which number was one instance, according to rules. It is this fundamental transition from a machine which is a number cruncher to a machine for manipulating symbols according to rules that is the fundamental transition from calculation to computation—to general-purpose computation—and looking back from the present high ground of modern computing, if we are looking and sifting history for that transition, then that transition was made explicitly by Ada in that 1843 paper.{{Sfn|Fuegi|Francis|2003}}

Lovelace recognized the difference between the details of the computing mechanism, as covered in an 1834 article on the Difference Engine,{{Cite journal|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Review/Volume_59/Babbage%27s_Calculating_Engine |last=Lardner|first= D.|title=Babbage's calculating engine|journal= Edinburgh Review|date=July 1834|pages= 263–327|quote= In WikiSource and also reprinted in The works of Charles Babbage, Vol 2, p.119ff|access-date=11 October 2022}}

and the logical structure of the Analytical Engine, on which the article she was reviewing dwelt. She noted that different specialists might be required in each area.

The [1834 article] chiefly treats it under its mechanical aspect, entering but slightly into the mathematical principles of which that engine is the representative, but giving, in considerable length, many details of the mechanism and contrivances by means of which it tabulates the various orders of differences. M. Menabrea, on the contrary, exclusively developes the analytical view; taking it for granted that mechanism is able to perform certain processes, but without attempting to explain how; and devoting his whole attention to explanations and illustrations of the manner in which analytical laws can be so arranged and combined as to bring every branch of that vast subject within the grasp of the assumed powers of mechanism. It is obvious that, in the invention of a calculating engine, these two branches of the subject are equally essential fields of investigation... They are indissolubly connected, though so different in their intrinsic nature, that perhaps the same mind might not be likely to prove equally profound or successful in both.{{rp|Note A}}

Though Lovelace is often referred to as the first computer programmer, some biographers, computer scientists and historians of computing suggest otherwise.

Allan G. Bromley, in the 1990 article Difference and Analytical Engines:

{{Blockquote|All but one of the programs cited in her notes had been prepared by Babbage from three to seven years earlier. The exception was prepared by Babbage for her, although she did detect a "bug" in it. Not only is there no evidence that Ada ever prepared a program for the Analytical Engine, but her correspondence with Babbage shows that she did not have the knowledge to do so.{{cite book |last=Bromley |first=Allan G. |author-link=Allan G. Bromley |contribution=Difference and Analytical Engines |title=Computing Before Computers |editor-first=William |editor-last=Aspray |publisher=Iowa State University Press |location=Ames |pages=59–98 |chapter-url=http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC-Ch-02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/CBC-Ch-02.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |date=1990 |isbn=0-8138-0047-1}} p. 89.}}

Bruce Collier wrote that Lovelace "made a considerable contribution to publicizing the Analytical Engine, but there is no evidence that she advanced the design or theory of it in any way".{{cite book |last=Collier |first=Bruce |title=The Little Engines that Could've: The Calculating Machines of Charles Babbage |date=1990 |publisher=Garland Science |isbn=0-8240-0043-9 |page=181}}

Eugene Eric Kim and Betty Alexandra Toole consider it "incorrect" to regard Lovelace as the first computer programmer, as Babbage wrote the initial programs for his Analytical Engine, although the majority were never published.{{sfn|Kim|Toole|1999}} Bromley notes several dozen sample programs prepared by Babbage between 1837 and 1840, all substantially predating Lovelace's notes.{{cite journal |last=Bromley |first=Allan G. |date=July–September 1982 |title=Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, 1838 |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |url=http://athena.union.edu/~hemmendd/Courses/cs80/an-engine.pdf |pages=197–217 |volume=4 |issue=3 |doi=10.1109/mahc.1982.10028 |s2cid=2285332 |access-date=25 December 2015 |archive-date=26 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226094829/http://athena.union.edu/~hemmendd/Courses/cs80/an-engine.pdf |url-status=dead }} p. 197. Dorothy K. Stein regards Lovelace's notes as "more a reflection of the mathematical uncertainty of the author, the political purposes of the inventor, and, above all, of the social and cultural context in which it was written, than a blueprint for a scientific development".{{cite journal |last=Stein |first=Dorothy K. |author-link=Dorothy Stein |year=1984 |title=Lady Lovelace's Notes: Technical Text and Cultural Context |journal=Victorian Studies |pages=33–67 |volume=28 |issue=1}} p. 34.

Doron Swade has said that Ada only published the first computer program instead of actually writing it, but agrees that she was the only person to see the potential of the analytical engine as a machine capable of expressing entities other than quantities.{{cite speech |last=Swade |first=Doron |author-link=Doron Swade |title=Charles Babbage and Difference Engine No. 2 |event=Talks at Google |date=12 May 2008 |location=Mountain View, CA |publisher=Talks at Google via YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7K5p_tBcrd0&t=36m29s | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211122/7K5p_tBcrd0| archive-date=2021-11-22 | url-status=live|access-date=29 November 2018}}{{cbignore}}

In his book, Idea Makers, Stephen Wolfram defends Lovelace's contributions. While acknowledging that Babbage wrote several unpublished algorithms for the Analytical Engine prior to Lovelace's notes, Wolfram argues that "there's nothing as sophisticated—or as clean—as Ada's computation of the Bernoulli numbers. Babbage certainly helped and commented on Ada's work, but she was definitely the driver of it." Wolfram then suggests that Lovelace's main achievement was to distill from Babbage's correspondence "a clear exposition of the abstract operation of the machine—something which Babbage never did".{{cite book |last=Wolfram |first=Stephen |title=Idea Makers: Personal Perspectives on the Lives & Ideas of Some Notable People |date=2016 |publisher=Wolfram Media |isbn=978-1-57955-003-5 |pages=45–98}}

File:AdaLovelaceplaque.JPG to Ada Lovelace in St James's Square, London|alt=Plaque to Ada Lovelace that reads "English Heritage, Ada Countess of Lovelace, 1815–1852, Pioneer of Computing lived here"]]

The computer language Ada, created on behalf of the United States Department of Defense, was named after Lovelace.{{Cite news|url=http://www.ithistory.org/honor-roll/mrs-augusta-ada-king-countess-lovelace|title=Mrs. Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace|date=21 December 2015|work=IT History Society|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615214345/http://www.ithistory.org/honor-roll/mrs-augusta-ada-king-countess-lovelace|url-status=dead}} The reference manual for the language was approved on 10 December 1980 and the Department of Defense Military Standard for the language, MIL-STD-1815, was given the number of the year of her birth.

In 1981, the Association for Women in Computing inaugurated its Ada Lovelace Award.{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6z0aAQAAMAAJ&q=the+Augusta+Ada+Lovelace+Award+by+the+Association+for+Women+in+Computing |title=Awards, Honors & Prizes: United States and Canada |last=Webster |first=Valerie J. |date=2000 |publisher=Gale Group |isbn=978-0-7876-3401-8 |language=en}}{{cite web

| url =http://awc-hq.org/ada-lovelace-awards.html | title=Association for Women in Computing | access-date=1 June 2017}} {{as of|1998}}, the British Computer Society (BCS) has awarded the Lovelace Medal,{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.5822|title=Lovelace Lecture & Medal|publisher=BCS |archive-date=26 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060826081022/https://www.bcs.org/server.php?show=nav.5822 |url-status=dead}} and in 2008 initiated an annual competition for women students. BCSWomen sponsors the Lovelace Colloquium, an annual conference for women undergraduates.{{cite web | url=http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/cs/lovelace-colloquium/ | location=UK | title=BCSWomen Lovelace Colloquium | access-date=4 March 2014 | archive-date=22 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222035717/http://www.aber.ac.uk/en/cs/lovelace-colloquium/ | url-status=dead }} Ada College is a further-education college in Tottenham Hale, London, focused on digital skills.{{cite web|last1=Davis|first1=Anna|title=New college in north London 'will boost women in tech sector'|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/education/new-college-in-north-london-will-boost-women-in-tech-sector-a3200201.html|website=London Evening Standard|date=10 March 2016|access-date=16 March 2016}}

Ada Lovelace Day is an annual event celebrated on the second Tuesday of October,{{Cite web |title=Ada Lovelace Day – Celebrating the achievements of women in science, technology, engineering and maths |url=https://findingada.com/ |access-date=2023-03-27 |website=findingada.com}} which began in 2009.{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/women/ada-lovelace-day-first-computer-programmer-forgotten-women-a8557416.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008121529/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/women/ada-lovelace-day-first-computer-programmer-forgotten-women-a8557416.html |archive-date=2018-10-08 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|title=Ada Lovelace Day: We should never forget the first computer programmer|date=8 October 2018|website=The Independent|access-date=27 February 2019}} Its goal is to "... raise the profile of women in science, technology, engineering, and maths," and to "create new role models for girls and women" in these fields.

The Ada Initiative was a non-profit organisation dedicated to increasing the involvement of women in the free culture and open source movements.{{citation |url=https://lwn.net/Articles/471813/ |title=An update on the Ada Initiative |work=LWN | last=Aurora | first=Valerie |date=13 December 2011 | access-date= 5 October 2012}} A specialist technical college, for pupils aged 16–19, in England is named "Ada, the National College for Digital Skills", it has campuses in Whitechapel, Tottenham Hale and Manchester.{{Cite report |url=https://www.ada.ac.uk/_site/data/files/governance/0C8EE0AAEFF14E5148C41F1AE4D0E9C3.pdf |title=Inspection of Ada, the National College for Digital Skills |date=March 14-17, 2023 |publisher=Ofsted |access-date=December 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718085354/https://www.ada.ac.uk/_site/data/files/governance/0C8EE0AAEFF14E5148C41F1AE4D0E9C3.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2024 |url-status=live}} The building of the department of Engineering Mathematics at the University of Bristol is called the Ada Lovelace Building.{{cite web |title=The Ada Lovelace Building: a new home for Engineering Mathematics at Bristol |url=https://engineering.blogs.bristol.ac.uk/ada-lovelace-building-new-home-engineering-maths/ |website=University of Bristol |date=8 October 2020 |access-date=22 January 2024}} The Engineering in Computer Science and Telecommunications College building in Zaragoza University is called the Ada Byron Building.{{cite web | title=Ada Byron Building | url=http://wikimapia.org/1641862/Ada-Byron-Building}} The computer centre in the village of Porlock, near where Lovelace lived, is named after her. Ada Lovelace House is a council-owned building in Kirkby-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire, near where Lovelace spent her infancy.{{cite news|url=https://www.chad.co.uk/news/town-centre-landmark-renovated-to-boost-kirkby-s-economy-1-8538257|title=Town-centre landmark renovated to boost Kirkby's economy|date=11 May 2017|work=Mansfield and Ashfield Chad|access-date=29 November 2018}}{{cite web|url=http://woodhead-construction.co.uk/ada-lovelace-house-officially-opened/|title=Ada Lovelace House Is Officially Opened|date=18 October 2017|publisher=Woodhead Construction|access-date=29 November 2018}}

In 2012, a Google Doodle and blog post honoured her on her birthday.{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/dec/10/ada-lovelace-honoured-google-doodle|title=Ada Lovelace honoured by Google doodle|date=10 December 2012|newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=10 December 2012}}{{Cite web|url=https://blog.google/inside-google/doodles/honouring-computings-1843-visionary/|title=Honouring computing's 1843 visionary, Lady Ada Lovelace |work=Google Doodles |date=9 December 2012 |access-date=10 December 2012}} In 2013, Ada Developers Academy was founded and named after her. Its mission is to diversify tech by providing women and gender-diverse people the skills, experience, and community support to become professional software developers to change the face of tech.{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://adadevelopersacademy.org/history/|access-date=2021-02-23|website=Ada Developers Academy|language=en-US}} On 17 September 2013, the BBC Radio 4 biography programme Great Lives devoted an episode to Ada Lovelace; she was sponsored by TV presenter Konnie Huq.{{Cite web|title=Series 31, Konnie Huq on Ada Lovelace|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03b0ydy|website=Great Lives|publisher=BBC Radio 4}}

File:Ada Lovelace statue 2024-10-03.jpg

As of November 2015, all new British passports have included an illustration of Lovelace and Babbage.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/473495/HMPO_magazine.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/473495/HMPO_magazine.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Introducing the new UK passport design|publisher=HM Passport Office|access-date=20 April 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/gallery/2015/nov/03/new-uk-passport-design-in-pictures|title=New UK passport design – in pictures|first=All photographs: HM Passport|last=Office|date=3 November 2015|website=The Guardian}} In 2017, a Google Doodle honoured her with other women on International Women's Day.{{Cite web|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/international-womens-day-2017/|title=International Women's Day 2017 |work=Google Doodles |date=8 March 2017 |access-date=8 March 2017}} On 2 February 2018, Satellogic, a high-resolution Earth observation imaging and analytics company, launched a ÑuSat type micro-satellite named in honour of Ada Lovelace.{{Cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/02/02/china-lofts-earthquake-research-craft-with-cluster-of-smaller-satellites/|title=China lofts earthquake research craft with cluster of smaller satellites |first=Stephen |last=Clark |work=Spaceflight Now |date=2018-02-02|access-date=4 February 2018}} In March 2018, The New York Times published a belated obituary for Ada Lovelace.{{cite web |last=Miller |first=Claire Cain |date=8 March 2018 |title=A gifted mathematician who is now recognized as the first computer programmer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/obituaries/overlooked-ada-lovelace.html |url-access=registration |access-date=2023-01-25 |work=The New York Times |id={{ProQuest|2611777591}}}}

On 27 July 2018, Senator Ron Wyden submitted, in the United States Senate, the designation of 9 October 2018 as National Ada Lovelace Day: "To honor the life and contributions of Ada Lovelace as a leading woman in science and mathematics". The resolution (S.Res.592){{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-resolution/592|title=S.Res.592 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): A resolution designating 9 October 2018, as "National Ada Lovelace Day" and honoring the life and legacy of Ada Lovelace, the first computer programmer.|last=Ron|first=Wyden|date=25 July 2018|website=congress.gov|access-date=9 October 2018}} was considered, and agreed to without amendment and with a preamble by unanimous consent. In November 2020 it was announced that Trinity College Dublin, whose library had previously held forty busts, all of them of men, was commissioning four new busts of women, one of whom was to be Lovelace.{{cite news |first=Sarah |last=Burns |title=Four new statues to end Trinity Long Room's 'men only' image |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/art-and-design/four-new-statues-to-end-trinity-long-room-s-men-only-image-1.4420412 |newspaper=The Irish Times |date=2020-11-26|access-date=29 November 2020}}

{{external media | width=210px | float=right | headerimage= | video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jO2P27tI57k “9 Millbank : Ada Lovelace Sculpture Takes Her Place In Westminster St Edward”], 7 March 2022.}}

In March 2022, a statue of Ada Lovelace was installed at the site of the former Ergon House in the City of Westminster, London, honoring its scientific history. The redevelopment was part of a complex with Imperial Chemical House.{{Cite web |title=Millbank & Ergon House |url=https://www.ericparryarchitects.co.uk/projects/millbank-ergon-house/ |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=Eric Parry |language=en-GB}} The statue was sculpted by Etienne and Mary Millner and based on the portrait by Margaret Sarah Carpenter. The sculpture was unveiled on International Women's Day, 2022. It stands on the 7th floor of Millbank Quarter overlooking the junction of Dean Bradley Street and Horseferry Road.{{cite web |title=Public Art Proposal for Ergon House For approval by Westminster City Council |url=https://docs.planning.org.uk/20210218/115/QOKTUIRPJVB00/jpazhx47qxqil6un.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://docs.planning.org.uk/20210218/115/QOKTUIRPJVB00/jpazhx47qxqil6un.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |website=Planning Alerts – Document Repository |access-date=7 March 2022}}

In September 2022, Nvidia announced the Ada Lovelace graphics processing unit (GPU) microarchitecture.{{cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/09/nvidias-ada-lovelace-gpu-generation-1599-for-rtx-4090-899-and-up-for-4080/|title=Nvidia's Ada Lovelace GPU generation: $1,599 for RTX 4090, $899 and up for 4080|author=Sam Machkovec|date=20 September 2022|work=Ars Technica}} In July 2023, the Royal Mint issued four commemorative £2 coins in various metals to "honour the innovative contributions of computer science visionary Ada Lovelace and her legacy as a female trailblazer."{{cite web |last1=Rigby |first1=John |title=Coins |url=https://www.royalmint.com/shop/commemorative/innovation/ada-lovelace/ |website=Royal Mint |access-date=31 July 2023}}

The bicentenary of Ada Lovelace's birth was celebrated with a number of events, including:{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Ada Lovelace Day |url=http://findingada.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151228135139/http://findingada.com/ |archive-date=28 December 2015 |website=Findingada.com |via=Internet Archive}}

• The Ada Lovelace Bicentenary Lectures on Computability, Israel Institute for Advanced Studies, 20 December 2015 – 31 January 2016.{{cite web| url=http://findingada.com/event/ada-lovelace-bicentenary-lectures-on-computability/ | title=Ada Lovelace Bicentenary Lectures on Computability | date=31 January 2016 | work=Ada Lovelace Day | publisher=FindingAda.com | access-date=11 January 2016 }}{{cite web| url=http://www.as.huji.ac.il/adalovelacelectures | title=The Ada Lovelace Bicentenary Lectures on Computability | date=31 January 2016 | publisher=Israel Institute for Advanced Studies | access-date=11 January 2016 }}
• Ada Lovelace Symposium, University of Oxford, 13–14 October 2015.{{cite web| url=http://podcasts.ox.ac.uk/series/ada-lovelace-symposium-celebrating-200-years-computer-visionary | title=Ada Lovelace Symposium – Celebrating 200 Years of a Computer Visionary | work=Podcasts | publisher=University of Oxford | location=UK | access-date=11 January 2016 }}
• Ada.Ada.Ada, a one-woman show about the life and work of Ada Lovelace (using an LED dress), premiered at Edinburgh International Science Festival on 11 April 2015,{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencefestival.co.uk/brochure-downloads|title=Brochure Downloads|website=Edinburgh International Science Festival|access-date=9 October 2018}} and continued to touring internationally to promote diversity on STEM at technology conferences,{{Cite news|url=https://elpais.com/tecnologia/2018/04/19/actualidad/1524125257_350138.html|title=4.400 bombillas para la silenciada historia de la mujer que escribió la primera 'app' en 1843|trans-title=4,400 light bulbs for the silenced story of the woman who wrote the first 'app' in 1843|last=Busquets|first=Jordi Pueyo|date=19 April 2018|work=El País|access-date=9 October 2018|language=es|issn=1134-6582}}{{Cite news|url=https://www.siliconrepublic.com/discovery/ada-lovelace-day-zoe-philpott-inspirefest|title=Meet the woman bringing the magic of Ada Lovelace to the masses|last=Gorey|first=Colm|date=11 October 2016|website=Silicon Republic|access-date=9 October 2018}} businesses, government and educational organisations.{{cite web|url=https://adatheshow.com/ |title=Ada.Ada.Ada. |year=2016 |website=adatheshow.com}}{{Citation|last=Scratchweb|title=Ada.Ada.Ada|date=16 May 2017|url=https://vimeo.com/217701947|access-date=9 October 2018}}

Special exhibitions were displayed by the Science Museum in London, England{{cite web| url=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/visitmuseum/Plan_your_visit/exhibitions/ada-lovelace | title=Ada Lovelace |publisher=Science Museum, London | location=UK | access-date=11 January 2016 }} and the Weston Library (part of the Bodleian Library) in Oxford, England.{{cite web| url=https://www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/weston/news/2015/oct-09 | title=Bodleian Libraries celebrates Ada Lovelace's 200th birthday with free display and Wikipedia editathons | publisher=Bodleian Libraries | location=UK | access-date=11 January 2016 }}

File:Ada Lovelace color.svg portrait created for the Ada Initiative, which supported open technology and women|alt=Illustration of Ada Lovelace's portrait in a gold frame]]

Lovelace is portrayed in Romulus Linney's 1977 play Childe Byron.{{cite web |last=Klein |first=Alvin |author-link=Alvin Klein |date=13 May 1984 |title=Theatre in review: A lusty Byron in Rockland |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/13/nyregion/theater-in-review-a-lusty-byron-in-rockland.html |url-access=limited |id={{ProQuest|425075032}} |newspaper=The New York Times}} In Tom Stoppard's 1993 play Arcadia, the precocious teenage genius Thomasina Coverly—a character "apparently based" on Ada Lovelace (the play also involves Lord Byron)—comes to understand chaos theory, and theorises the second law of thermodynamics, before either is officially recognised.{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/tom-stoppards-arcadia-at-twenty |title=Tom Stoppard's 'Arcadia,' at Twenty |first=Brad |last=Leithauser |date=8 August 2013 |magazine=The New Yorker}}[http://www.tomw.net.au/arcadia.txt Profile], Gale Edwards, 1994, Director of "Arcadia" for the Sydney Theatre Company

In the 1990 steampunk novel The Difference Engine by William Gibson and Bruce Sterling,{{cite book |contribution=The Future Looms: Weaving Women and Cybernetics |first=Sadie|last=Plant |pages=45–64 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZXU5aoJL0-QC&pg=PA45 |title=Cyberspace/Cyberbodies/Cyberpunk: Cultures of Technological Embodiment |editor1-first=Mike |editor1-last=Featherstone |editor2-first=Roger |editor2-last=Burrows |publisher=SAGE Publications, in association with Theory, Culture & Society, School of Human Studies, University of Teesside |year=1995 |isbn=978-1-84860-914-3}} Lovelace delivers a lecture on the "punched cards" programme which proves Gödel's incompleteness theorems decades before their actual discovery. Lovelace and Mary Shelley as teenagers are the central characters in Jordan Stratford's steampunk series, The Wollstonecraft Detective Agency.{{cite news |last1=Moyer |first1=Edward |title=Can Jane Austen + steampunk spark girls' science fire? |url=https://www.cnet.com/uk/news/can-jane-austen-steampunk-spark-girls-science-fire/ |access-date=26 February 2017 |date=13 April 2012}}

Lovelace features in John Crowley's 2005 novel, Lord Byron's Novel: The Evening Land, as an unseen character whose personality is forcefully depicted in her annotations and anti-heroic efforts to archive her father's lost novel.{{cite web |title=Byron's heir |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-jun-05-bk-straub5-story.html |first=Peter |last=Straub |author-link=Peter Straub |date=5 June 2005 |archive-date=10 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110092446/https://articles.latimes.com/2005/jun/05/books/bk-straub5 |url-status=live}}

The 2015 play Ada and the Engine by Lauren Gunderson portrays Lovelace and Charles Babbage in unrequited love, and it imagines a post-death meeting between Lovelace and her father.{{cite web |url=http://ww2.kqed.org/arts/the-do-list/ada-and-the-memory-engine/ |title=Ada and the Memory Engine |first= Sam |last=Hurwitt |publisher=KQED |archive-date=6 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906141059/https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/the-do-list/ada-and-the-memory-engine/ |url-status=dead}}{{cite web |url=http://www.sfweekly.com/exhibitionist/2015/10/22/ada-and-the-memory-engine-love-by-the-numbers |title=Ada and the Memory Engine: Love by the Numbers |work=SF Weekly |date=22 October 2015 |access-date=14 November 2015 |author=Costello, Elizabeth |archive-date=6 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406052014/http://www.sfweekly.com/exhibitionist/2015/10/22/ada-and-the-memory-engine-love-by-the-numbers |url-status=dead }} Lovelace and Babbage are also the main characters in Sydney Padua's webcomic and graphic novel The Thrilling Adventures of Lovelace and Babbage. The comic features extensive footnotes on the history of Ada Lovelace, and many lines of dialogue are drawn from actual correspondence.{{cite web |last=Doctorow |first=Cory |title=Comic about Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage |url=http://boingboing.net/2009/10/05/comic-about-ada-love.html |website=BoingBoing |access-date=10 October 2014 |date=5 October 2009}}

In the 1997 film Conceiving Ada, a computer scientist obsessed with Ada finds a way of communicating with her in the past by means of "undying information waves".{{cite web |last=Holden |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Holden |date=26 February 1999 |title='Conceiving Ada': Calling Byron's Daughter, Inventor of a Computer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/film/022699ada-film-review.html |id={{ProQuest|2235172968}} |newspaper=The New York Times}}

Lovelace, identified as Ada Augusta Byron, is portrayed by Lily Lesser in the second series of The Frankenstein Chronicles aired on ITV in 2017. She is employed as an "analyst" to provide the workings of a life-sized humanoid automaton. The brass workings of the machine are reminiscent of Babbage's analytical engine. Her employment is described as keeping her occupied until she returns to her studies in advanced mathematics.{{cite web|title=Episode 2 - Not John Marlott|url=http://www.itv.com/presscentre/ep2week45/frankenstein-chronicles|website=ITV Press Centre|access-date=10 February 2025}}

Lovelace and Babbage appear as characters in the second season of the ITV series Victoria (2017). Emerald Fennell portrays Lovelace in the episode, "The Green-Eyed Monster."{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6327804/ |title=The Green-Eyed Monster |date=14 January 2018|website=IMDb}}

"Lovelace" is the name of the operating system designed by the character Cameron Howe in Halt and Catch Fire, which aired on AMC in the US in 2015.{{cite web |url=https://whatchareading.com/still-fire-recapreview-halt-catch-fire-adventure/ |title=Still On Fire: Recap/Review of Halt and Catch Fire "Adventure" |last=Biscotti |first=Steven |date=25 May 2015 |access-date=20 August 2023 |website=What'cha Reading?}}

Lovelace features as a character in "Spyfall, Part 2", the second episode of Doctor Who, series 12, which first aired on BBC One on 5 January 2020.{{cite web|url=https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/local-news/historical-computing-pioneer-ada-lovelace-3727259 |title=Historical computing pioneer Ada Lovelace from Hinckley stars in BBC's Doctor Who |date=2020-01-13 |last=Dawson |first=Nick |work=Leicester Mercury |access-date=2020-12-14}} The character was portrayed by Sylvie Briggs, alongside characterisations of Charles Babbage and Noor Inayat Khan.

• Ada Lovelace Day
• A computer language, initially developed by the US Department of Defense, is called Ada.
• The Lovelace Medal awarded by the British Computer Society (BCS).
• The Lovelace Lectures at the BCS sponsored by the Alan Turing Institute.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcs.org/events-calendar/2021/may/bcs-lovelace-lecture-202021-prof-marta-kwiatkowska/|title=BCS Lovelace Lecture 2020/21 - Prof Marta Kwiatkowska | BCS|website=www.bcs.org}}
• The Lovelace Lectures at Durham University.{{Cite web|url=https://www.durham.ac.uk/departments/academic/engineering/about-us/departmental-lectures/lovelace-lecture-series/|title=Lovelace Lecture Series - Durham University|first=Durham|last=University|website=www.durham.ac.uk}}
• The Ada Lovelace Award awarded by the Association for Women in Computing
• The Ada Initiative supporting open technology and women is named after her.
• Ada Lovelace Building, the engineering mathematics building at the University of Bristol.{{Cite web |date=2020-10-08 |title=The Ada Lovelace Building: a home for Engineering Mathematics at Bristol |url=https://engineering.blogs.bristol.ac.uk/ada-lovelace-building-new-home-engineering-maths/ |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=engineering.blogs.bristol.ac.uk |language=en-GB}}
• Ada Lovelace Building, in Exeter Science Park.{{Cite web|url=https://kta.uk.com/projects/ada-lovelace-building/|title=Ada Lovelace Building|website=kat.uk}}
• Ada Byron Building, in the Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering at the University of Zaragoza.{{cite web | url=https://webdiis.unizar.es/gaz/location | title=Ada Byron Building|website=webdiis.unizar.es }}
• Ada Byron Research Centre in University of Malaga, Andalucía.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}
• Ada Lovelace Institute, a think tank dedicated to ensuring data and AI work for people and society.{{cite news |title=Ada Lovelace Institute |url=https://www.turing.ac.uk/research/research-projects/ada-lovelace-institute |access-date=6 March 2025 |work=Alan Turing Institute}}
• Ada Lovelace Centre for Digital Scholarship, Oxford{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}
• Ada Lovelace Center for Digital Humanities at the FU Berlin.{{cite web | url=https://www.ada.fu-berlin.de | title=Ada Lovelace Center for Digital Humanities in Berlin |website=ada.fu-berlin.de}}
• ADA Lovelace Centre for Analytics, Data, Applications at Fraunhofer IIS originally called the ADA Lovelace Centre for Artificial Intelligence.{{Cite web|url=https://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/en/profil/zukunftsinitiativen/adacenter.html|title=ADA Lovelace Center for Analytics, Data, Applications|website=Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS}}
• Ada Lovelace Excellence Scholarship at the University of Southampton.{{Cite web |title=Ada Lovelace Excellence Scholarship {{!}} Electronics and Computer Science {{!}} University of Southampton |url=https://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/Ada-scholarship |access-date=2025-03-23 |website=www.ecs.soton.ac.uk}}
• Adafruit Industries
• Ada Lovelace Centre, part of the Science and Technology Facilities Council, a UK government agency that carries out research in science and engineering.{{Cite web|url=https://adalovelacecentre.ac.uk/about-us/|title=Science and Technology Facilities Council: About us|website=adalovelacecentre.ac.uk|date=20 March 2024}}
• The Cardano cryptocurrency platform, launched in 2017, uses Ada as the name for the cryptocurrency and Lovelace as the smallest sub-unit of an Ada.{{Cite web |date=19 March 2021 |title=Cardano (ADA) is now available on Coinbase |url=https://blog.coinbase.com/cardano-ada-is-now-available-on-coinbase-dd30c1e0d93a |access-date=5 April 2021 |website=Coinbase |quote=The blockchain's native token, ADA, is named after the 19th century mathematician, Ada Lovelace |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171211/https://blog.coinbase.com/cardano-ada-is-now-available-on-coinbase-dd30c1e0d93a |url-status=live}}
• Ada, an artwork incorporating artificial intelligence house at Microsoft's Building 99.{{Cite web|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/ada/|title=Ada|website=Microsoft }}
• In 2021, the code name of Nvidia's GPU architecture in its RTX 4000 series is Ada Lovelace. It is the first Nvidia architecture to feature both a first and last name.{{Cite web |last=Hampton |first=Jaime |date=20 September 2022 |title=Nvidia Introduces New Ada Lovelace GPU Architecture, OVX Systems, Omniverse Cloud |url=https://www.hpcwire.com/2022/09/20/nvidia-introduces-new-ada-lovelace-architecture-ovx-systems-omniverse-cloud/ |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=HPCwire |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |author=Aaron Klotz |date=20 September 2022 |title=GeForce RTX 4090, RTX 4080 GPU Roundup |url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/geforce-rtx-4090-rtx-4080-gpu-roundup |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=Tom's Hardware |language=en}}
• Ada Byron University Programming Contest at the Polytechnic University of Valencia.{{Cite web|url=https://careers.edicomgroup.com/news/ada-byron-university-programming-contest/|title=Ada Byron University Programming Contest of the UPV|first=Content|last=Manager|date=24 February 2020}}

File:Ada Countess of Lovelace computer pioneer 1815-1852 green plaque - 5 Station Parade Uxbridge Road Ealing W5 3LD.jpg

File:Ada_Lovelace_blue_plaque,_Mallory_Park_01.jpg

File:Closeup_of_the_Ada_Lovelace_memorial_-_geograph.org.uk_-_6290702.jpg

• A green plaque is to be found on Fordhook Avenue on the corner of 5 Station Parade, Uxbridge Road, Ealing{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}
• Blue plaques are at Mallory Park and St James's Square.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}
• Ada Lovelace C of E High School in Greenford, specialising in music, digital technologies and languages.{{Citation needed|date=March 2025}}
• Ada Lovelace House, council offices in Nottinghamshire,{{Cite web|url=https://her.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/Monument/MNT27280/|title=MNT27280 - Ada Lovelace House - Nottinghamshire Historic Environment Record|website=her.nottinghamshire.gov.uk}} later proposed to be let to small business.{{Cite web|url=https://www.chad.co.uk/news/new-office-plan-for-ada-house-1164801|title=New office plan for Ada house|date=9 January 2017 }}{{Cite web|url=https://d2n2lep.org/280000-ada-lovelace-house-renovation-completed/|title=£280,000 Ada Lovelace House renovation completed|date=11 May 2017}}
• Ada Byron King Building at Nottingham Trent University
• Ada Lovelace Suite at Seaham Hall.{{Cite web|url=https://seaham-hall.co.uk/accommodation/ada-lovelace-suite/|title=Ada Lovelace Suite | Seaham Hall Coastal Spa Resort, Durham|date=23 June 2022|website=seaham-hall.co.uk}}
• The Lovelace Memorial is a Grade II Listed monument in Kirkby Mallory.{{Cite web|url=https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1187993|title=LOVELACE MEMORIAL APPROXIMATELY 30 METRES SOUTH OF CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS, Kirkby Mallory, Peckleton & Stapleton - 1187993 | Historic England|website=historicengland.org.uk}}
• A clone of Ada Lovelace appears in the 2023 video game Starfield {{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/starfield-recruit-historical-companion-history-amelia-earhart-clone/|title=You Won't Believe Starfield Includes This Historical Figure As A Companion|website=screenrant.com|access-date=15 March 2025}}
• Ada Lovelace is a playable leader in Sid Meier's Civilization VII.{{Cite web|url=https://civilization.2k.com/en-GB/civ-vii/game-guide/leaders/ada-lovelace/|title=Ada Lovelace leader, Sid Meier's Civilization VII|website=civilization.2k.com|access-date=5 March 2025}}

• Lovelace, Ada King. Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers: A Selection from the Letters of Lord Byron's Daughter and her Description of the First Computer. Mill Valley, CA: Strawberry Press, 1992. {{ISBN|978-0-912647-09-8}}.
• {{cite book |last1=Menabrea |first1=Luigi Federico |last2=Lovelace |first2=Ada |editor=Richard Taylor |title=Scientific Memoirs |date=1843 |volume=3 |pages=666–731 |chapter=Sketch of the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage... with notes by the translator. Translated by Ada Lovelace |chapter-url=http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529203029/https://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html |archive-date=29 May 2023 |location=London |publisher=Richard and John E. Taylor}}
• Also available on Wikisource: The Menebrea article, The notes by Ada Lovelace.

Six copies of the 1843 first edition of Sketch of the Analytical Engine with Ada Lovelace's "Notes" have been located. Three are held at Harvard University, one at the University of Oklahoma, and one at the United States Air Force Academy.{{Cite web |url=http://id.lib.harvard.edu/alma/990030757610203941/catalog |title=Sketch of the analytical engine invented by Charles Babbage, Esq. |website=Harvard University Library |access-date=9 April 2019}} On 20 July 2018, the sixth copy was sold at auction to an anonymous buyer for £95,000.{{Cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010011141/https://www.mooreallen.co.uk/group/news-events/rare-book-by-worlds-first-computer-programmer-sells-for-95000 |archive-date=10 October 2018 |url=https://www.mooreallen.co.uk/group/news-events/rare-book-by-worlds-first-computer-programmer-sells-for-95000 |title=Rare book by world's first computer programmer sells for £95,000 |date=23 July 2018 |website=mooreallen.co.uk |access-date=9 April 2019}} A digital facsimile of one of the copies in the Harvard University Library is available online.

In December 2016, a letter written by Ada Lovelace was forfeited by Martin Shkreli to the New York State Department of Taxation and Finance for unpaid taxes owed by Shkreli.{{Cite web |last=Mangan |first=Dan |date=23 April 2018 |title=Fight brews over Shkreli's Wu-Tang album as 'pharma bro' gets banned by securities industry |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/23/fight-brews-over-shkrelis-wu-tang-album-as-he-gets-banned-by-securities-industry.html |access-date=23 June 2020 |website=CNBC}}

{{cols}}

• Ai-Da – humanoid robot, completed in 2019
• Code: Debugging the Gender Gap
• List of pioneers in computer science
• Timeline of women in science
• Women in computing
• Women in STEM fields

{{colend}}

{{Notelist}}

{{Reflist}}

{{Refbegin|30em}}

• {{Citation | last=Baum | first=Joan | title=The Calculating Passion of Ada Byron | publisher=Archon | year=1986 | isbn=978-0-208-02119-9 | url=https://archive.org/details/calculatingpassi00baum }}.
• {{Citation | last1=Elwin | first1=Malcolm | title=Lord Byron's Family | publisher=John Murray | year=1975}}.
• {{Citation | last=Essinger | first=James | title=Ada's algorithm: How Lord Byron's daughter Ada Lovelace launched the digital age | publisher=Melville House Publishing | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-61219-408-0}}.
• {{Citation | last1=Fuegi | first1=J | last2=Francis | first2=J | title=Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes' | journal=Annals of the History of Computing | volume=25 | pages=16–26 | number=4 |date=October–December 2003 | doi=10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887| s2cid=40077111 | url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/81bb/f32d2642a7a8c6b0a867379a4e9e99d872bc.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200215003909/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/81bb/f32d2642a7a8c6b0a867379a4e9e99d872bc.pdf | url-status=dead | archive-date=2020-02-15 }}.
• {{Citation | last1=Hammerman | first1=Robin | last2=Russell | first2=Andrew L. | editor-first1=Robin | editor-first2=Andrew L. | editor-last1=Hammerman | editor-last2=Russell | title=Ada's Legacy: Cultures of Computing from the Victorian to the Digital Age | publisher=Association for Computing Machinery and Morgan & Claypool |year=2015 | doi=10.1145/2809523| isbn=978-1-970001-51-8 | s2cid=62018931 }}.
• {{Citation | last=Isaacson | first=Walter |year=2014 | title= The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution | publisher=Simon & Schuster}}.
• {{Cite journal | last1=Kim | first1=Eugene | last2=Toole | first2=Betty Alexandra | title=Ada and the First Computer | journal=Scientific American | volume=280 | issue=5 | pages=66–71 |year=1999 | bibcode=1999SciAm.280e..76E | doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0599-76 }}
• {{Cite journal | last=Lewis | first=Judith S. | title=Princess of Parallelograms and her daughter: Math and gender in the nineteenth century English aristocracy | journal=Women's Studies International Forum | volume=18 | issue=4 | pages=387–394 | doi=10.1016/0277-5395(95)80030-S | date=July–August 1995 }}
• {{Citation | last1=Marchand | first1=Leslie | title=Byron A Portrait | publisher=John Murray | year=1971}}.
• {{Citation |last=Menabrea |first= Luigi Federico |author-link= Luigi Federico Menabrea |year= 1843 | title=Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage | journal= Scientific Memoirs | volume=3 | url=http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html | access-date=29 August 2008 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915134651/http://www.fourmilab.ch/babbage/sketch.html | archive-date=15 September 2008 | url-status=live}} With notes upon the memoir by the translator.
• Miller, Clair Cain. [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/obituaries/overlooked-ada-lovelace.html "Ada Lovelace, 1815–1852,"] New York Times, 8 March 2018.
• {{Citation | last1=Moore | first1=Doris Langley | title=Ada, Countess of Lovelace | publisher=John Murray | year=1977|isbn=0-7195-3384-8}}.
• {{Citation |last=Moore |first=Doris Langley |title=The Late Lord Byron |year= 1961 |publisher=Lippincott | location =Philadelphia |oclc=358063 |isbn=978-0-06-013013-8}}.
• {{Citation |last=Stein |first=Dorothy |title=Ada: A Life and a Legacy |year=1985 |publisher=The MIT Press |location=Cambridge, MA |series=MIT Press Series in the History of Computing |isbn=978-0-262-19242-2 |url=https://archive.org/details/adalifeandlegacy00stei }}.
• {{Citation | first=Betty Alexandra | last=Toole | title=Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers: A Selection from the Letters of Ada Lovelace, and her Description of the First Computer | year=1992 | publisher=Strawberry Press | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wlZQAAAAMAAJ | isbn=978-0-912647-09-8}}.
• {{Citation | first=Betty Alexandra | last=Toole | title=Ada, the Enchantress of Numbers: Prophet of the Computer Age | year=1998 | publisher=Strawberry Press | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gnvZAAAAMAAJ | isbn=978-0-912647-18-0}}.
• {{Citation | first=Catherine | last=Turney | title=Byron's Daughter: A Biography of Elizabeth Medora Leigh | year=1972 | publisher=Scribner | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eE1aAAAAMAAJ | isbn=978-0-684-12753-8}}
• {{Citation | last=Woolley | first=Benjamin |date=February 1999 | title= The Bride of Science: Romance, Reason, and Byron's Daughter | publisher=Pan Macmillan | place=AU | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=K8-sQgAACAAJ | access-date= 7 April 2013 | isbn=978-0-333-72436-1}}.
• {{Citation | last=Woolley | first=Benjamin |date=February 2002 | orig-year=1999 | title= The Bride of Science: Romance, Reason, and Byron's Daughter | publisher=McGraw-Hill Ryerson | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=VGMFAAAACAAJ | access-date= 7 April 2013 | isbn=978-0-07-138860-3}}.

{{Refend}}

• Jennifer Chiaverini, 2017, Enchantress of Numbers, Dutton, 426 pp.
• Christopher Hollings, Ursula Martin, and Adrian Rice, 2018, Ada Lovelace: The Making of a Computer Scientist, Bodleian Library, 114 pp.
• Miranda Seymour, 2018, In Byron's Wake: The Turbulent Lives of Byron's Wife and Daughter: Annabella Milbanke and Ada Lovelace, Pegasus, 547 pp.
• Jenny Uglow (22 November 2018), "Stepping Out of Byron's Shadow", The New York Review of Books, vol. LXV, no. 18, pp. 30–32.

{{Wikiquote}}

{{Wikisource|Author:Augusta Ada Byron}}

{{Commons category}}

• [https://www.siliconrepublic.com/video/adas-army-zoe-philpott "Ada's Army gets set to rewrite history at Inspirefest 2018"] by Luke Maxwell, 4 August 2018
• {{OL author|776398A}}
• "[http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2015/12/untangling-the-tale-of-ada-lovelace/ Untangling the Tale of Ada Lovelace]" by Stephen Wolfram, December 2015
• {{Cite web | url=http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/lovelace.html | title=Ada Lovelace: Founder of Scientific Computing | work=Women in Science | publisher=SDSC | access-date=17 August 2001 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225024327/https://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/lovelace.html%20 | url-status=dead }}
• {{Cite web | url=http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/love.htm | title=Ada Byron, Lady Lovelace | work=Biographies of Women Mathematicians | publisher=Agnes Scott College}}
• {{Cite web | url=http://archiveshub.ac.uk/data/gb161dep.lovelacebyron1-460 | archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120424131314/http://archiveshub.ac.uk/data/gb161dep.lovelacebyron1-460 | url-status=dead | archive-date=2012-04-24 | title=Papers of the Noel, Byron and Lovelace families | publisher=Archives hub | place=UK |format=archive }}
• {{Cite web | url=http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/adalovelace/ | work=Babbage | title=Ada Lovelace & The Analytical Engine | publisher=Computer History}}
• {{Cite web | url=http://net.educause.edu/apps/er/review/reviewArticles/31240.html | title=Ada & the Analytical Engine | publisher=Educause | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090810090713/http://net.educause.edu/apps/er/review/reviewArticles/31240.html | archive-date=10 August 2009 |format=archive}}
• {{Cite web | url=http://www.g4tv.com/techtvvault/features/27659/Ada_Lovelace_Countess_of_Controversy.html | work=Tech TV vault | title=Ada Lovelace, Countess of Controversy | publisher=G4 TV | access-date=25 February 2007 | archive-date=25 December 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225024305/https://www.syfy.com/syfywire/games | url-status=dead }}
• {{Cite web | url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime_20080306.shtml | work=In Our Time | publisher=BBC Radio 4 | title=Ada Lovelace | format=streaming | type=audio | place=UK | date=6 March 2008}}
• {{Cite web | url=http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/Files/ada-lovelace-notes.html | title=Ada Lovelace's Notes and The Ladies Diary | publisher=Yale}}
• {{Cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hRmEYMiphoU | title=The fascinating story Ada Lovelace | date=13 September 2015 | publisher=Sabine Allaeys |via=YouTube}}
• {{Cite web | url=http://www.brainpickings.org/index.php/2013/12/10/ada-lovelace-science-religion-letter/ | title=Ada Lovelace, the World's First Computer Programmer, on Science and Religion | date=10 December 2013 | publisher=Maria Popova (Brain) }}
• {{Cite web | url=http://www.brainpickings.org/2014/12/10/ada-lovelace-walter-isaacson-innovators/ | title=How Ada Lovelace, Lord Byron's Daughter, Became the World's First Computer Programmer | date=10 December 2014 | publisher=Maria Popova (Brain) }}
• {{MacTutor Biography|id=Lovelace}}

{{Lord Byron}}

{{Timelines of computing}}

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