Adam Parry

{{infobox academic

| name = Adam Parry

| image = Adam Parry.jpg

| alt = Parry in late youth, with short, dark hair and a dark suit.

| birth_place = Paris, France

| birth_date = {{birth date|1928|02|01}}

| death_date = {{death date and age|1971|06|06|1928|02|01}}

| influences = {{plainlist|* Ivan Mortimer Linforth

Cedric Whitman}}

| relatives = Milman Parry (father)

| education = {{plainlist|* University of California, Berkeley

Harvard University}}

| thesis_year = 1957

| thesis_title = "Logos" and "Ergon" in Thucydides

| doctoral_advisor = Eric Havelock

| spouse = {{plainlist|*{{marriage|Barbara Pfeiffer|1948|end=div}}

{{marriage|Anne Reinberg Amory|1966|end=d}}}}

| children = 3

| influenced = {{plainlist|*Robert Angus Brooks

| school_tradition = Harvard School

| discipline = Classics

| sub_discipline = Virgilian studies

| death_place = Near Colmar, France

| nationality = American

| workplaces = {{plainlist|*Amherst College

}}

Adam Milman Parry (February 1, 1928 – June 6, 1971) was an American classical scholar. He worked on Greek and Latin history literature, particularly the works of Thucydides, Homer and Virgil, and was a founding figure of the scholarly movement that became known as the Harvard School of criticism into Virgil's Aeneid.

The son of the Homeric scholar Milman Parry, Parry spent much of his early life in California following his father's early death in 1935. He subsequently studied at the University of California, Berkeley, at Harvard University and on a Fulbright Scholarship at the Sorbonne in Paris. While writing up his Harvard doctoral thesis, he took a post at Amherst College in Massachusetts, and moved between short-lived appointments at Harvard, Amherst, Yale University and University College London before settling at Yale in 1962. He was appointed full professor and department chair there in 1968, and remained at the university until his death.

Parry's work encompassed translations, critical annotations, historiography and literary criticism. His 1963 article "The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid" is regarded as a founding text of the Harvard School, an interpretative trend arguing that Virgil's poem contains a "private voice" drawing attention to the costs and horrors of Roman imperialism and the rule of the emperor Augustus. He opposed the Vietnam War and was known for his left-wing politics and bohemian lifestyle. He died in a motorcycle accident on June 6, 1971, alongside his second wife, Anne. In the following decades, his interpretation of the Aeneid became a dominant influence upon Virgilian scholarship.

Life

Adam Milman Parry was born on February 1, 1928,{{refn|For Parry's full name, see {{harvnb|Havelock|1972|p=xi}}. For his date of birth, see {{harvnb|The New York Times, June 11, 1971}}}} near Paris.{{sfn|Kirk|1972|p=427}} He was the son of Marian Parry ({{Nee|Thanhouser}}) and the classicist Milman Parry,{{Sfn|Kirk|1972|p=426}} who was at the time studying at the Sorbonne in the city.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=ix}} His mother came from a wealthy Jewish family in Milwaukee.{{sfnm|1a1=Stallings|1y=2021|2a1=Kanigel|2y=2021|2loc=chapter 6}} In 1929, the elder Parry was appointed to a post at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.{{Sfn|Reece|2019|p=119}} The family first moved there, and subsequently accompanied Milman's expeditions to southern Yugoslavia, where he carried out fieldwork into traditional Yugoslav epic poems through which he demonstrated that the Homeric poems were works of oral poetry.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=ix}}

Milman Parry died in 1935, of a gunshot wound generally believed to have been self-inflicted and accidental.{{Efn|On the alternative views that Milman Parry's death was suicide or murder by his wife, see {{harvnb|Janko|2021}}.}} Marian Parry moved the family to California.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=ix}} Adam Parry studied under Ivan Mortimer Linforth and Harold F. Cherniss at the University of California, Berkeley, graduating in 1949.{{sfn|Kirk|1972|p=427}} During his time there, he worked as a crewman on ships sailing between California and Seattle in Washington.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=x}} He moved to Harvard University to embark on a Ph.D. programme the following year,{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=x}} now supporting himself by working as a taxi driver in Boston and periodically attending classes in his uniform.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=x}} His teachers at Harvard included the classicists John Huston Finley Jr. and Cedric Whitman.{{sfn|Kirk|1972|p=427}} He spent the 1950–1951 academic year at the Sorbonne in Paris in on a Fulbright Scholarship,{{sfn|The New York Times, June 11, 1971|p=38}} and sat the preliminary examinations for his Ph.D. in the spring of 1952; among his examiners for the viva (oral examination) was the intellectual historian Eric Havelock.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=x}}

Later in 1952, while still writing up his doctoral thesis{{Sfn|Havelock|1972|p=x}} (titled "Logos" and "Ergon" in Thucydides{{sfn|Hewitt|2003|p=66}}{{efn|The dissertation covered the first two books of Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War.{{sfn|Baron|2013}}}} and supervised by Havelock{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=xi}}), Parry took a post as an instructor in classics at Amherst College in Massachusetts.{{sfn|The New York Times, June 11, 1971|p=38}} At Amherst he was a colleague of the classicists Wendell Clausen,{{sfn|Zetzel|2017|p=126}} John Moore and Thomas Gould.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=xi}} Along with his then-wife Barbara, he translated in 1954 from French Personal Religion Among the Greeks, a publication of the Sather Classical Lectures delivered at Berkeley in 1952–1953 by André-Jean Festugière.{{Refn|{{harvnb|Havelock|2010|p=xi}}. On Festugière's lectures, see {{harvnb|Dow|2020|p=65}}.}} He later completed another translation, this time from modern Greek, of a chapter on the Old East Slavic epic poem known as The Tale of Igor's Campaign.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=xi}}

Parry remained at Amherst until 1955,{{sfn|The New York Times, June 11, 1971|p=38}} when he moved to Yale University as an instructor on the invitation of Frank Edward Brown.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=xi}} He received his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1957.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=x}} This was followed by a Morse fellowship at Yale, and a year as a research associate at University College London, during which he made several visiting lectures at other universities in England.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=xii}} In 1960, by now an assistant professor at Yale,{{sfn|Hewitt|2003|p=66}} he moved to a post at the same level at Harvard.{{sfn|The New York Times, June 11, 1971|p=38}} While there, he directed a performance of the Ajax, a tragedy by the fifth-century Athenian playwright Sophocles, in Ancient Greek: Parry played Ajax himself, with the younger of his two sons also in the cast. At the end of his first academic year at Harvard, he accepted a tenured post at Amherst, beginning there in 1961.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=xii}} That year, he wrote the notes for Robert Fagles's translation of the poems of the early Greek lyric poet Bacchylides.{{Sfn|Fagles|1961}} In 1962, he returned to Yale; in 1968, he was a made a full professor and chair of the classics department.{{Sfn|Havelock|1972|p=xi}} In 1971, he published The Making of Homeric Verse, a collected volume of his father's academic works.{{Refn|{{harvnb|Kirk|1972|p=428}}. The volume is {{harvnb|Parry|1971}}.}}

Parry died, along with his wife Anne, in a motorcycle accident near Colmar in France on June 6, 1971.{{sfnm|1a1=The New York Times, June 11, 1971|1p=38|2a1=Kirk|2y=1972|2p=426}} The couple had recently bought the motorcycle and were using it to travel back to France from Germany.{{sfn|The New York Times, June 11, 1971|p=38}} Shortly before his death, his term as chair of the Yale classics department had been extended for a fourth year.{{Sfn|Havelock|1972|p=xi}} He had also been contracted by Oxford University Press to write a book, The Mind of Thucydides, expanding his doctoral dissertation,{{sfn|Baron|2013}} and by Cambridge University Press to serve as an editor for the Cambridge History of Classical Literature.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=xiv}}

Assessment and legacy

File:Jean-Joseph-Xavier Bidauld - Lac Fucino et les montagnes des Abruzzes.jpg in Italy by Jean-Joseph-Xavier Bidauld. Parry's "Two Voices" article opens with a discussion of a passage of the Aeneid in which the lake mourns for the fallen hero Umbro.{{Sfn|Parry|1963|p=66}}]]

Four days after his death, the professors of Greek at the universities of Cambridge, Oxford and Bristol – Denys Page, Hugh Lloyd-Jones and Geoffrey Kirk – co-signed a letter in The Times calling Parry one of the best Greek scholars of his generation.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=xv}} A posthumous {{Lang|de|Festschrift}} in his honor was published as a volume of Yale Classical Studies in 1975, edited by the historian Donald Kagan.{{refn|{{harvnb|Westlake|1977|p=219}}. The {{Lang|de|Festschrift}} is {{harvnb|Kagan|2010}}.}} His collected papers were published as The Language of Achilles and Other Papers by Lloyd-Jones in 1989.{{Sfn|Lloyd-Jones|1989b}}

Parry's 1956 article, "The Language of Achilles", was described by Peter Rose as the most radical challenge to Milman Parry's thesis that Homeric poetry saw no friction between an idea and the language available to express it.{{Sfn|Rose|1995|p=47}} In 1973, Michael Reeve described it as one of the most important works on Homer in the preceding half century:{{Sfn|Reeve|1973|p=193}} Lloyd-Jones considered it Parry's most important contribution to scholarship.{{Sfn|Lloyd-Jones|1989a|pp=viii–ix}} In 1975, Havelock wrote that it remained a widely cited work on its topic, and noted that Kirk had selected it for his 1964 edited collection, The Language and Background of Homer.{{Refn|{{harvnb|Havelock|2010|page=xiv}}. Kirk's edited volume is {{harvnb|Kirk|1964}}.}}

= Influence on the Harvard School =

Parry was a leading figure in the Harvard School,{{sfn|Braund|2018|p=108}}{{Efn|The name "Harvard School" was coined by Johnson in 1976;{{sfn|Hejduk|2017|p=1}} Clausen maintained that the movement's true origin was at Amherst in the 1950s, where he and Parry had been colleagues.{{sfn|Zetzel|2017|p=126}}}} sometimes known as the "Harvard Pessimists",{{Sfnm|1a1=Martindale|1y=2019|1p=9|2a1=Harrison|2y=2007|2p=5}} which questioned the then-orthodox view of Virgil's Aeneid as propaganda for the emperor Augustus.{{sfn|Braund|2018|p=108}} In 1963, he published "The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid" in the literary journal Arion,{{Sfn|Martindale|2019|p=11}} arguing that the poem contained what he called "a private voice of regret" alongside its "public voice of triumph",{{Sfn|Parry|1963|p=79}} and used this private voice to emphasize the costs and flaws of Augustus and of Roman imperialism.{{Sfn|Martindale|2019|p=9}} This essay is regarded as a foundational text of the Harvard School's mode of reading the Aeneid as a poem which challenges Augustan ideology.{{sfn|Breed|2013|p=9}} Other prominent Harvard School writers included W. Ralph Johnson, Wendell Clausen, Michael Putnam, Oliver Lyne, and Robert Angus Brooks.{{Refn|{{harvnb|Cox|2019|p=469}}. For Brooks, see {{harvnb|Zetzel|2017|p=126}}. For Lyne, see {{harvnb|Burrow|2019|p=119}}.}}

Richard Jenkyns, in 2017, described "The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid" as "practical criticism at its best" and praised both its eloquence and its clarity.{{Sfn|Jenkyns|2017|pp=79–81}} The article has frequently been cited as a major influence on Virgilian scholarship. In 1989, Richard F. Moorton called it "one of the most influential essays on the Aeneid ever written".{{Sfn|Moorton|1989|p=105}} In 2000, Stephanie Quinn called it one of the most influential of the previous thirty-five years.{{sfn|Quinn|2000|loc=p. 155, editor's note}} In 2006, Brian Breed cited it as a text of "great influence", particularly on Oliver Lyne's 1987 Further Voices in Virgil's "Aeneid";{{sfn|Breed|2013|p=9}} a 2017 retrospective on the Harvard School by Julia Hejduk called it "seminal".{{Sfn|Hejduk|2017|p=1}} In 2018, Susanna Braund wrote that "if there is one single scholarly intervention that shifted our view of the Aeneid, it was surely Adam Parry's essay".{{sfn|Braund|2018|pp=108–109}} In 2017, Ward W. Briggs referred to the dominant paradigm of Virgilian studies in the generations after Parry's article as "a kind of Parryitis".{{sfn|Briggs|2017|p=54}}

Personal life

File:Timothy Dwight College.jpg at Yale, where Parry was a fellow{{Sfn|Harrison|2017|p=78}}]]

Parry variously went by "Adam" and "Milman" as his first name.{{Sfn|Clausen|1995|p=313}} He married Barbara Pfeiffer on October 22, 1948.{{Sfn|Beye|2018}} Lloyd-Jones recounted a story that Adam and Barbara Parry had been the inspiration for the 1962 novel Love and Friendship by Alison Lurie. Lurie's characters are the parents of children who burn down two college houses, and Lloyd-Jones wrote of being told that this detail had been based on the Parries.{{Sfn|Lloyd-Jones|1989a|p=v}} Adam and Barbara had three children,{{Sfn|The New York Times, June 11, 1971|}} and later divorced.{{refn|{{harvnb|Beye|2018}}; for Pfeiffer, see {{harvnb|The New Haven Register, July 7, 2018}}.}} Parry married Anne Reinberg Amory, a visiting lecturer at Yale and previously his contemporary as a Ph.D. student at Harvard,{{Sfnm|1a1=Kirk|1y=1972|1p=427|2a1=Havelock|2y=2010|2p=xii}} in April 1966.{{sfn|Havelock|2010|p=xii}}

Parry became a trade union member during his time working at sea,{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=x}} and known to have strongly left-wing politics.{{Sfn|Lloyd-Jones|1989a|p=vi}} In 1967, he wrote a letter to the Yale Daily News condemning the decision of Yale's Timothy Dwight College, of which he was a fellow, to invite Ronald Reagan, then a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination. Parry described Reagan as "one of the most savage proponents of American belligerence" in Vietnam.{{Sfnm|1a1=Harrison|1y=2017|1p=78|2a1=Parry|2y=1967|2p=2}}

Lloyd-Jones described Parry as "one of the most delightful and accomplished human beings I have known. Handsome, elegant and witty, he had a most unusual charm, by no means diminished by a streak of bohemian wildness."{{Sfn|Lloyd-Jones|1989a|p=v}} In a 1975 obituary, Havelock wrote that Parry maintained "a faint flavor of France and French culture" in his personal style.{{Sfn|Havelock|2010|p=ix}} Robert Kanigel describes him as having a sarcastic sense of humor: during a dinner with his paternal aunt Lucile, she opined that she wished she had "peasant blood", to which Parry replied "well, Lucile, what do you think you have?"{{Sfn|Kanigel|2021|loc=chapter 4}} Lloyd-Jones wrote that Parry had once told him that he had only ever imagined being a classical scholar, a lawyer, or a beachcomber, and that he would never have become the former had he not outlived his father.{{Sfn|Lloyd-Jones|1989a|pp=v–vi}}

Published works

=As author=

{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| year=1956| title=The Language of Achilles| journal=Transactions of the American Philological Association| volume=87| pages=1–7| doi=10.2307/283867| jstor=283867|ref=none}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1957| title=Landscape in Greek Poetry| journal=Yale Classical Studies| volume=15| pages=3–29| ref=none}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1958| title=Thucydides 1.11.2| journal=The American Journal of Philology| volume=79| pages=283–285| ref=none|issue=3| doi=10.2307/292565|jstor=292565}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1960| title=Sophocles, Oedipus Rex 1271–4| journal=The Classical Quarterly| volume=10| number=2| pages=268–270| doi=10.1017/S0009838800004031| jstor=638058| ref=none}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1960| title=What Can We Do To Homer?| journal=The Fat Abbott| volume=Autumn 1960| pages=52–59| ref=none}}{{Efn|A negative review of Robert Graves's 1959 translation of the Iliad.{{sfn|Lloyd-Jones|1989a|p=ix}}}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1961| title=Shakespeare and History| journal=Yale Review| volume=Summer 1961| pages=603–610| ref=none}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1962| title=Homer: The Odyssey| journal=The Fat Abbott| volume=Winter 1962| pages=48–57| ref=none}}{{Efn|A positive review of Robert Fitzgerald's 1961 translation of the Odyssey.{{sfn|Lloyd-Jones|1989a|p=ix}}}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1963| title=The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid| journal=Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics| volume=2| number=4| pages=66–80| jstor=20162871}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1965| title=A Note on the Origins of Teleology| journal=Journal of the History of Ideas| volume=26| number=2| pages=259–262| doi=10.2307/2708231| jstor=2708231| ref=none}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1966| title=Have We Homer's Iliad?| journal=Yale Classical Studies| volume=20| number=2| pages=177–216| ref=none}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1967| title=Classical Philology and Literary Criticism| journal=Ventures| volume=Spring 1967| pages=30–34| ref=none}}
{{cite news| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| date=October 31, 1967| title=Reagan's Visit| newspaper=Yale Daily News| page=2|url=https://ydnhistorical.library.yale.edu/}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1968| title=Herodotus and Thucydides| journal=Arion: A Journal of the Humanities and the Classics| volume=7| pages=409–416| jstor=20163146|issue=3|ref=none}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1969| title=The Language of Thucydides's Description of the Plague| journal=Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies| volume=16| issue=16| pages=106–118| doi=10.1111/j.2041-5370.1969.tb00667.x| jstor=43646392| ref=none}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1970| title=Thucydides's Use of Abstract Language| journal=Yale French Studies| volume=45| issue=| pages=3–20| doi=10.2307/2929550| jstor=2929550| ref=none}}
{{cite journal |last=Parry |first=Adam |author-mask=1 |year=1972 |title=The Idea of Art in Virgil's Georgics |journal=Arethusa |volume=5 |number=1 |pages=35–52 |jstor=26307005 |ref=none}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1972| title=Language and Characterization in Homer| journal=Harvard Studies in Classical Philology| volume=76| pages=1–22| doi=10.2307/310975| jstor=310975| ref=none}}
{{cite journal| last=Parry| first=Adam| author-mask=1| year=1972| title=Thucydides's Historical Perspective| journal=Yale Classical Studies| volume=22| pages=47–61| ref=none}}
{{cite book |last=Parry |first=Adam |ref=none |author-mask=1 |year=1981 |title=Logos and Ergon in Thucydides |publisher=Arno Press |place=New York |isbn=0405140452 |orig-date=1957}}

=As editor=

{{cite book |title=The Making of Homeric Verse: The Collected Papers of Milman Parry |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1971 |isbn=0198141815 |editor-last=Parry |editor-first=Adam |place=Oxford}}
{{cite book |title=Studies in Fifth Century Thought and Literature |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1972 |isbn=0521083052 |editor-last=Parry |editor-first=Adam |editor-mask=1 |place=Cambridge |ref=none}}

Footnotes

=Explanatory notes=

=References=

=Works cited=

{{cite news |date=July 7, 2018 |title=Barbara Parry |url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/nhregister/name/barbara-parry-obituary?id=10494687 |access-date=May 30, 2024 |newspaper=The New Haven Register |ref={{sfnRef|The New Haven Register, July 7, 2018}}}}
{{cite journal |last=Baron |first=Christopher |year=2013 |title=The Mind of Thucydides (First Published 1956). Cornell Studies in Classical Philology |url=https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2013/2013.04.53/ |access-date=May 22, 2024 |journal=Bryn Mawr Classical Review}}
{{cite web |last=Beye |first=Charles R. |date=June 26, 2018 |title=Parry, Adam Milman |url=https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/8996-parry-adam-milman |access-date=May 30, 2024 |website=Database of Classical Scholars |publisher=Rutgers–New Brunswick School of Arts and Sciences}}
{{cite book |last=Braund |first=Susanna |author-link=Susanna Braund |title=Virgil and His Translators |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2018 |isbn=9780198810810 |editor-last1=Braund |editor-first1=Susanna |place=Oxford |pages=107–123 |chapter=Virgil After Vietnam |editor-last2=Torlone |editor-first2=Zara Martirosova}}
{{cite book |last=Breed |first=Brian W. |title=Pastoral Inscriptions: Reading and Writing Virgil's Eclogues |publisher=Bloomsbury |year=2013 |isbn=9780715634493 |place=London |orig-date=2006}}
{{cite journal |last=Briggs |first=Ward W. |author-link=Ward W. Briggs| year=2017 |title=What the Harvard School Has Taught Me |journal=The Classical World |volume=111 |pages=53–55 |jstor=48553367 |number=1|doi=10.1353/clw.2017.0065 }}
{{cite book |last=Burrow |first=Colin |title=The Cambridge Companion to Virgil |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2019 |isbn=9781316756102 |place=Cambridge |pages=109–127 |chapter=Virgil in English Translation |doi=10.1017/9781316756102.010}}
{{cite book |last=Clausen |first=Wendell |author-link=Wendell Clausen |title=A Companion to the Study of Virgil |publisher=Brill |year=1995 |isbn=9004118705 |editor-last=Horsfall |editor-first=Nicholas |editor-link=Nicholas Horsfall |place=Leiden |pages=313–314 |chapter=Appendix |doi=10.1163/9789004217591_010}}
{{cite book |last=Cox |first=Fiona |title=The Cambridge Companion to Virgil |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2019 |isbn=9781316756102 |place=Cambridge |pages=461–471 |chapter=The Death of Virgil |doi=10.1017/9781316756102.029}}
{{cite book |last=Dow |first=Sterling |author-link=Sterling Dow |title=Fifty Years of Sathers: The Sather Professorship of Classical Literature in the University of California, Berkeley: 1913/4–1963/4 |publisher=University of California Press |year=2020 |isbn=9780520329935 |place=Berkeley |doi=10.1525/9780520329935 |orig-date=1965}}
{{cite book |last=Fagles |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Fagles |title=Bacchylides: Complete Poems |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1961 |place=New Haven |oclc=43734560}}
{{cite book |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Harrison (classicist) |title=Oxford Readings in Virgil's Aeneid |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780198143888 |editor-last=Harrison |editor-first=Stephen |place=Oxford |pages=1–20 |chapter=Some Views of the Aeneid in the Twentieth Century |orig-date=1990}}
{{cite journal |last=Harrison |first=Stephen |author-link=Stephen Harrison (classicist) |year=2017 |title=A Voyage Around the "Harvard School" |journal=The Classical World |volume=111 |pages=76–79 |jstor=48553373 |number=1|doi=10.1353/clw.2017.0071 }}
{{cite book |last=Havelock |first=Eric A. |author-link=Eric A. Havelock |title=Studies in Fifth-Century Thought and Literature |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1972 |isbn=0521083052 |place=Cambridge |page=xi |chapter=Adam Milman Parry}}
{{cite book |last=Havelock |first=Eric A. |author-link=Eric A. Havelock |title=Studies in the Greek Historians |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=9780511933769 |place=Cambridge |pages=ix–xv |chapter=In Memoriam Adam and Anne Parry, Ob. June 1971 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511933769 |orig-date=1975}}
{{cite journal |last=Hejduk |first=Julia D. |year=2017 |title=Introduction: Reading Civil War |journal=The Classical World |volume=111 |pages=1–5 |jstor=48553363 |number=1|doi=10.1353/clw.2017.0061 }}
{{cite thesis |last=Hewitt |first=Anne |year=2003 |title=Between God and Beast: An Examination of the Ethical and Political Ideas of the Poet, Pindar; the Historian, Thucydides; and the Philosopher, Aristotle |degree=Ph.D. |publisher=University of London |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46518524.pdf |access-date=May 22, 2024}}
{{cite journal |last=Janko |first=Richard |date=November 27, 2021 |title=Review: Hearing Homer's Song: The Brief Life and Big Idea of Milman Parry |url=https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2021/2021.11.27/ |access-date=May 30, 2024 |journal=Bryn Mawr Classical Review}}
{{cite journal |last=Jenkyns |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Jenkyns (professor) |year=2017 |title=The Conversation of Gentlemen |journal=The Classical World |volume=111 |pages=79–83 |jstor=48553374 |number=1|doi=10.1353/clw.2017.0072 }}
{{cite book |title=Studies in the Greek Historians |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=9780511933769 |editor-last=Kagan |editor-first=Donald |editor-link=Donald Kagan |place=Cambridge |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511933769 |orig-date=1975}}
{{cite book| last=Kanigel| first=Robert| year=2021| title=Hearing Homer's Song: The Brief Life and Big Idea of Milman Parry| place=New York| publisher=Alfred A. Knopf| isbn=9780525520955}}
{{cite book |last=Kirk |first=Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Kirk |title=The Language and Background of Homer: Some Recent Studies and Controversies |publisher=W. Heffer |year=1964 |place=Cambridge |oclc=745523}}
{{cite journal |last=Kirk |first=Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Kirk |year=1972 |title=Adam Parry and Anne Amory Parry |journal=Gnomon |volume=44 |pages=426–428 |jstor=27685505 |number=4}}
{{cite book |last=Lloyd-Jones |first=Hugh |author-link=Hugh Lloyd-Jones |url=https://archive.org/details/languageofachill0000parr/ |title=The Language of Achilles and Other Papers |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1989a |editor-last=Lloyd-Jones |editor-first=Hugh |place=Oxford |chapter=Foreword |oclc=1150068883 |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive|pages=v–xi|isbn=9780198148920 }}
{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/languageofachill0000parr/ |title=The Language of Achilles and Other Papers |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1989b |isbn=9780198148920 |editor-last=Lloyd-Jones |editor-first=Hugh |place=Oxford |oclc=1150068883 |url-access=registration |via=Internet Archive}}
{{cite book |last=Martindale |first=Charles |title=The Cambridge Companion to Virgil |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2019 |isbn=9781316756102 |place=Cambridge |pages=1–20 |chapter=Introduction |doi=10.1017/9781316756102.003}}
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{{cite news |date=June 11, 1971 |title=Prof. Adam M. Parry and Wife, Classicists, Are Killed in Crash |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/06/11/archives/prof-adam-m-parry-and-wife-classicists-are-killed-in-crash.html |access-date=May 21, 2024 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=38 |ref={{sfnRef|The New York Times, June 11, 1971}}}}
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