Adygea#Politics

File:Adygea02.png

The Cherkess (Adyghe) Autonomous Oblast was established within the Russian SFSR on July 27, 1922, on the territories of the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast, primarily settled by the Adyghe people.{{sfnp|Азаренкова|Бондарь|Вертышева|1986|p=154}} At that time, Krasnodar was the administrative center. It was renamed Adyghe (Cherkess) Autonomous Oblast on August 24, 1922, soon after its creation. In the first two years of its existence the autonomous oblast was a part of the Russian SFSR, but on October 17, 1924, it was transferred to the jurisdiction of the newly created North Caucasus Krai within the RSFSR.{{cite book |title=Политический альманах России 1997. Том 2. Социально-политические портреты регионов |trans-title=Political Almanac of Russia 1997. Vol. 2. Social and Political Portraits of the Regions |edition=online |url= http://www.carnegie.ru/ru/pubs/books/volume/218103adygeya.pdf |access-date=2007-04-17 |author1=М. Макфола |author2=Н. Петрова |year=1998 |publisher=Московский Центр Карнеги |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630091806/http://www.carnegie.ru/ru/pubs/books/volume/218103adygeya.pdf |archive-date=June 30, 2007 |language=ru}}

It was renamed Adyghe Autonomous Oblast (AO) in July 1928. On January 10, 1934, the autonomous oblast became part of the new Azov-Black Sea Krai, which was removed from North Caucasus Krai. Maykop was made the administrative center of the autonomous oblast in 1936. Adyghe AO became part of Krasnodar Krai when it was established on September 13, 1937.

On July 3, 1991, the oblast was elevated to the status of a republic under the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation.Official website of the Republic of Adygea. [http://www.adygheya.ru/info/index.shtml Основные сведения] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723024244/http://adygheya.ru/info/index.shtml |date=July 23, 2013 }} {{in lang|ru}} The first President of the republic was Aslan Dzharimov, elected on 5 January 1992.{{cite book|last1=Richmond|first1=Walter|title=The Northwest Caucasus: Past, Present, Future|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1134002498|page=146|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6Z5AgAAQBAJ&q=Aslan+Dzharimov+5+january+1992}}

Relations between the Adyghe and ethnic Russians in Adygea are currently good.{{source?|date=October 2024}} Russians make up two-thirds of the population within Adygea.{{cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm |script-title=ru:ВПН-2010 |publisher=Gks.ru |access-date=2014-02-22 |language=ru |archive-date=March 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315114013/http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm}} The current Head of Adygea is Murat Kumpilov.{{Cite web |date=2017-01-12 |title=Мурат Кумпилов назначен временно исполняющим обязанности Главы Адыгеи |url=http://www.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/53727 |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=Президент России |language=ru}}

Adygea lies in Russia's Southern Federal District of Eastern Europe, in the foothills of the Northwestern Caucasus in the Caucasus Mountains System, with plains in the northern areas and mountains in the southern area. Forests (mainly of European beech, oak, and maple) cover almost 40% of its territory.

• Area — {{convert|7792|km2|abbr=on}}.
• Borders — the Republic of Adygea is entirely surrounded by Krasnodar Krai.
• Highest point — Chugush Mountain: {{convert|3238|m|abbr=on}}.

File:Мистический каньон реки Ходзь в тумане, Западный Кавказ.jpg

The {{convert|870|km|sp=us|adj=on}} long Kuban River is one of the major navigable rivers in the Caucasus region. It forms part of the northern border between the Republic of Adygea and Krasnodar Krai.

Other rivers include:

• Belaya River
• Chokhrak River
• Dakh River
• Fars River
• Khodz River
• Kisha River
• Bolshaya Laba River — (forming part of the eastern border between Adygea and Krasnodar Krai)
• Psekups River
• Pshish River
• Sakhray River
• Sukhoy Kurdzhips River — flows near the archaeological site at Mezmaiskaya cave.{{cite journal

|title=Palaeontology and Zooarchaeology of Mezmaiskaya Cave (Northwestern Caucasus, Russia)

|last=Baryshnikova

|first=Gennady

|author2=John F. Hoffeckerb|author3=Robin L. Burgess

|date= May 1996

|journal= Journal of Archaeological Science

|volume=23

|issue=3

|pages=313–335

|doi=10.1006/jasc.1996.0030

|quote=Over 6000 large mammal and numerous small vertebrate remains have been recovered from preliminary excavations at Mezmaiskaya Cave

}}

File:Lago-Naki.jpg in Adygea]]

The republic has no large lakes. However, it has several reservoirs:[https://expeducation.ru/ru/article/view?id=8504 МОНИТОРИНГ ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩ РЕСПУБЛИКИ АДЫГЕЯ]

• {{ill|Krasnodar Reservoir|ru|Краснодарское водохранилище}}, the largest in North Caucasus
• Oktyabrskoye Reservoir[https://ozera.info/russia/ufo/adygea/oktyabrskoe Октябрьское]
• Shapsug Reservoir
• Tshchikskoye Reservoir (Тщикское)
• Шенджийское
• Четукское
• Кужорское
• Maykop Reservoir

File:Фишт2.jpg

The republic's major mountains and peaks range in height from {{convert|2000|-|3238|m|ft}}, and include:

• Chugush Mountain — {{convert|3238|m|abbr=on}}
• Mount Fisht — {{convert|2868|m|abbr=on}}
• Oshten Mountain
• Pseashkho Mountain
• Shepsi Mountain

The republic is rich in oil and natural gas. Other natural resources include gold, silver, tungsten, and iron.

• Average January temperature: {{convert|-0.5|C}}
• Average July temperature: {{convert|+23|C}}
• Average annual precipitation: {{convert|70|cm|in|sp=us}}

February 15, 2010, recorded the absolute maximum for the winter months—in the capital, the city of Maykop, the temperature was {{convert|23.4|C|}}.

File:TozujVisit.jpg

The chief executive of the government of the Republic of Adygea is the Head (called "President" until May 2011), who is appointed for a five-year term. Proficiency in the Adyghe language is a prerequisite for the candidate.{{cite book |script-title=ru:"Тихие" конфликты на Северном Кавказе |last=Казенин |first=Константин |year=2009 |publisher=Regnum |language=ru |location=Moscow |isbn=978-5-91150-030-6 |page=17}}

The current Head, Murat Kumpilov (since January 27, 2017), succeeded Aslan Tkhakushinov, initially as acting Head of the region. There is also a directly elected State Council (Khase or Xase—not to be confused with the Adyghe Khase, a union of Adyghe who supported Sovmen for a second term), which comprises the Council of Representatives and the Council of the Republic. Both councils are elected every five years and have 27 deputies each.

The Republic sends three representatives to the parliament of the Russian Federation; one to the State Duma and the other two to the Federation Council.

The Constitution of the Republic of Adygea was adopted on May 14, 1995.

File:Adygea districts.png{{Main|List of administrative and municipal divisions of the Republic of Adygea}}

The Republic of Adygea is administratively divided into seven districts (raions), two cities/towns, and (at a lower administrative level) five urban-type settlements. Municipally, the republic is divided into two urban okrugs, five urban settlements, and 46 rural settlements.

• Note "м.р." above is an abbreviation for "муниципальный район" (Municipal District)

• Population: {{ru-census|p2010=439,996|p2002=447,109|p1989=432,588|p2021=496,934}}

{{Historical populations |3=1926|4=113481 |5=1939|6=241799 |7=1959|8=284690 |9=1970|10=385644 |11=1979|12=404504 |13=1989|14=432588 |15=2002|16=447109 |17=2010|18=439996 |19=2021|20=496934 |type=|footnote=Source: Census data}}

• Life expectancy:{{cite web|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207 |title=Демографический ежегодник России |publisher=Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) |access-date=28 June 2022 |language=ru |trans-title=The Demographic Yearbook of Russia}}{{cite web |url=https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/31293 |title=Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении |website=Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia |access-date=28 June 2022 |language=ru |trans-title=Life expectancy at birth |archive-date=February 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220124657/https://www.fedstat.ru/indicator/31293}}

File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Adygea.png|Life expectancy at birth in Adygea

File:Life expectancy in Russian subject -Adygea -diff.png|Life expectancy with calculated differences

File:Life expectancy in Russia -Krasnodar Krai.png|Life expectancy in Adygea, Krasnodar Krai and neighboring regions

File:Life expectancy in Russia -Krasnodar Krai (after 2014).png|Zoomed version of the chart since 2014

:Source: [http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1 Russian Federal State Statistics Service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412011659/http://www.gks.ru/dbscripts/Cbsd/DBInet.cgi#1 |date=April 12, 2008 }}{{cite web |url=http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312 |script-title=ru:Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики |publisher=Gks.ru |date=2010-05-08 |access-date=2014-02-21 |language=ru |archive-date=December 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224183858/http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/publications/catalog/doc_1137674209312%20}}

{{clear}}

According to the 2021 Census,{{cite web|title=Национальный состав населения|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx|publisher=Federal State Statistics Service|accessdate=30 December 2022}} ethnic Russians make up 64.4% of the republic's total population, while the ethnic Adyghe are 25.7%. Other groups include Armenians (3.3%), Kurds (1.2%), Romani people (0.7%) and Ukrainians (0.6%).

1. 50,304 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.{{Cite web|url=https://rosstat.gov.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm|title=ВПН-2010|website=rosstat.gov.ru}}
2. Including 397 Kabardins and 16,133 Cherkess.

File:Mosque Maykop.JPG

{{Bar box

|title=Religion in Adygea as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[http://sreda.org/en/arena "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"]. Sreda, 2012.[http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps]. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg Archived].

|float=right

|bars=

{{Bar percent|Russian Orthodoxy|DarkOrchid|35.4}}

{{Bar percent|Other Orthodox|MediumOrchid|1.4}}

{{Bar percent|Other Christians|DeepSkyBlue|3.8}}

{{Bar percent|Islam|Green|23.6}}

{{Bar percent|Spiritual but not religious|DarkSlateGray|19.8}}

{{Bar percent|Atheism and irreligion|Black|8.2}}

{{Bar percent|Other and undeclared|Gray|7.8}}

}}

According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people 35.4% of the population of Adygea adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 23.6% to Islam, 3% are unaffiliated Christians and 1% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or are members of other Orthodox churches. In addition, 19.8% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious" 8% is atheist, and 8.6% follows other religions or did not answer to the question.

{{clear}}

Adyghe State University and Maykop State Technological University, both in the capital Maykop, are the two major higher education facilities in Adygea.

File:Солодовенный цех пивоваренного завода Майкопа.jpg

Even though it is one of the poorest parts of Russia, the republic has abundant forests and rich soil. The region is famous for producing grain, sunflowers, tea, tobacco, and other produce. Hog and sheep breeding are also developed.

Food, timber, woodworking, pulp and paper, heavy engineering, and metal-working are the most developed industries.

There is a small airport in Maykop (ICAO airport code URKM). Several rail lines pass through the republic.

File:WIKITONGUES- Yinal speaking Adyghe and Kabardian.webm

The Adyghe language (Адыгабзэ) is a member of the Northwest Caucasian language family. Along with Russian, Adyghe is the official language of the republic.

There are 8 state and 23 public museums in the republic. The largest museum is the National Museum of the Republic of Adygea in Maykop.

• Anatoly Berezovoy (1942—2014), Soviet pilot/cosmonaut.
• Aslan Dzharimov (born 1936), first president of the Republic of Adygea.
• Anna Kareyeva (born 1977), handball player.
• Mukharby Kirzhinov (born 1949), weightlifter.
• Andrei Kobenko (born 1982), footballer.
• Nikita Kucherov (born 1993), ice hockey player.
• Vladimir Nevzorov (born 1952), judoka.
• Hazret Sovmen (born 1937), second president of the Republic of Adygea.
• Aslan Tkhakushinov (born 1947), third president of the Republic of Adygea.
• Aslan Tlebzu (born 1981), Adyghe folk musician.
• Konstantin Vasilyev (1942—1976), painter.

{{Circassians}}

• Music in the Republic of Adygea
• Mezmaiskaya cave
• Circassian genocide
• Adyghe people

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Notelist}}

• {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=Государственный Совет – Хасэ Республики Адыгея

|ru_type=Закон

|ru_number=90

|ru_date=7 июня 2007 г.

|ru_title=О государственных символах Республики Адыгея (текст в ред. от 7 июня 2007 г.)

|ru_effective_date=со дня официального опубликования

|ru_published_in="Советская Адыгея", No. 112–113

|ru_published_date=14 июня 2007 г

|ru_url=http://www.adygheya.ru/info/symbolism/index.shtml

|ru_amendment_type=Закона

|ru_amendment_number=91

|ru_amendment_date=28 апреля 2012 г.

|ru_amendment_title=О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Республики Адыгея

|en_entity=State Council of the Republic of Adygea

|en_type=Law

|en_number=90

|en_date=June 7, 2007

|en_title=On the Symbols of State of the Republic of Adygea (text of rev. of June 7, 2007)

|en_effective_date=the day of official publication

|en_url=

|en_amendment_type=Law

|en_amendment_number=91

|en_amendment_date=April 28, 2012

|en_amendment_title=On Amending Various Laws of the Republic of Adygea

}}

• {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=

|ru_type=Закон

|ru_number=168-1

|ru_date=14 февраля 1995 г.

|ru_title=О праздичных днях и памятных датах

|ru_effective_date=14 февраля 1995 г

|ru_published_in="Ведомости ЗС (Хасэ) - Парламента РА", No. 15

|ru_published_date=14 февраля 1995 г.

|ru_url=

|ru_amendment_type=Закона

|ru_amendment_number=231

|ru_amendment_date=1 августа 2013 г.

|ru_amendment_title=О внесении изменения в статью 3 Закона Республики Адыгея "О праздичных днях и памятных датах"

|en_entity=

|en_type=Law

|en_number=168-1

|en_date=February 14, 1995

|en_title=On Holidays and Memorial Dates

|en_effective_date=February 14, 1995

|en_url=

|en_amendment_type=Law

|en_amendment_number=231

|en_amendment_date=August 1, 2013

|en_amendment_title=On Amending Article 3 of the Law of the Republic of Adygea "On Holidays and Memorial Dates"

}}

• {{RussiaBasicLawRef|ad}}
• {{Cite Russian law

|ru_entity=Президент Республики Адыгея

|ru_type=Распоряжение

|ru_number=46-рп

|ru_date=2 апреля 2007 г.

|ru_title=Об организации официального Интернет-сайта исполнительных органов государственной власти Республики Адыгея

|en_entity=President of the Republic of Adygea

|en_type=Directive

|en_number=46-rp

|en_date=April 2, 2007

|en_title=On Creation of the Official Website of the Executive Organs of State Power of the Republic of Adygea

}}

• {{Cite book

|last1=Азаренкова

|first1=А. С.

|first2=И. Ю.

|last2=Бондарь

|first3=Н. С.

|last3=Вертышева

|title=Основные административно-территориальные преобразования на Кубани (1793–1985 гг.)

|year=1986

|publisher=Краснодарское книжное издательство

|language=ru

}}

{{Commons}}

{{Wikivoyage}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20110811044553/http://adygnt.com/ad/menu-tvorcheskiy-sostav Адыгэ Республикэм и Лъэпкъ театр] (in Adyghe)
• [http://www.adygvoice.ru The Voice of Circassians (Adyghe Language)]
• {{in lang|ru}} [http://www.adygheya.ru/ Official website of the Republic of Adygea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515161545/http://www.adygheya.ru/ |date=May 15, 2011 }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20070106051706/http://www.kommersant.com/t-88/r_5/n_432/Republic_of_Adygea/ Overview of the Republic of Adygea] (Kommersant newspaper)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20040717070249/http://www.adygnet.ru/indexeng.shtml Official Website of the Adyghe State University]
• {{in lang|ru}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040810053808/http://www.adygnet.ru/indexrus.shtml Official Website of the Adyghe State University]
• {{in lang|ru}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20040628052159/http://museum.ru/M494 Official Website of the National Museum of the Republic of Adygea]

{{Republic of Adygea}}

{{Subdivisions of Russia}}

{{Countries and regions of the Caucasus}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adygea, Republic of}}

Category:States and territories established in 1991

Category:Southern Federal District

Category:Enclaves and exclaves

Category:Regions of Europe with multiple official languages

Category:Republics of Russia