Aes grave
{{Short description|Term in numismatics}}
{{Italics title}}
Aes grave ("heavy bronze") is a term in numismatics indicating bronze cast coins used in central Italy during the 3rd century BC, whose value was generally indicated by signs: I for the as, S for semis and pellets for unciae. Standard weights for the as were 272, 327, or 341 grams, depending upon the issuing authority.{{cite book|author=Michael H. Crawford|title=Roman Republican Coinage|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=htS7kPUyfzcC&pg=RA1-PA760|year=1974|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-07492-6|pages=1–}}
The main Roman cast coins had these marks and images:
| align="center" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="1" | |
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! align="center" | Image!! align="center" | value ! align="center" | mark | |
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| align="center" | Ianus | align="center" | As | align="center" | I | |
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| align="center" | Iupiter | align="center" | Semis
| align="center" | S |
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| align="center" | Minerva | align="center" | Triens
| align="center" | four pellets |
| ----
| align="center" | Hercules | align="center" | Quadrans | align="center" | three pellets | |
| ----
| align="center" | Mercury | align="center" | Sextans | align="center" | two pellets | |
| ----
| align="center" | Bellona or Roma | align="center" | Uncia | align="center" | one pellet |
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Issuing cities
Main series were from Rome, Ariminum (Rimini), Iguvium (Gubbio), Tuder (Todi), Ausculum (Ascoli Satriano), Firmum (Fermo), Hatria - Hadria (Atri), Luceria (Lucera), and Latin central Italy. Other series have unknown provenance.
Gallery
Image:Vecchi 051 - transparent background.PNG|As ({{Circa|235 BC}})
Image:Vecchi 009.jpg|Semis
Image:Vecchi 003.jpg|Triens ({{circa|241}}–235 BC)
Image:Aes Grave Quadrans3.jpg|Quadrans ({{circa|230}}–226 BC. weight 63.19 g
Vecchi 61; Crawford 27/8)
Image:Vecchi 005.jpg|Sextans ({{circa|289}}–245 BC)
Image:Vecchi 281.jpg|Quincunx (coin) (after 220 BC)
Image:Vecchi 283.jpg|Teruncius (Apulia, Luceria. {{circa|220}} BC)
Image:Vecchi 013.jpg|Uncia (coin) ({{circa|275}}–270 BC)
See also
{{Portal|Money}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- Haeberlin, Ernst: Aes Grave, Das Schwergeld Roms und Mittelitaliens einschließlich der ihm vorausgehenden Rohbronzewährung, Halle 1910.
- Head, Barclay V.: Historia Nummorum, a Manual of Greek Numismatic, London, 19112.
- Sear, David: "Roman Coins and Their Values," Volume I, Spink.
- Sydenham, Edward A.: Aes Grave A Study of the Cast Coinages of Rome and Central Italy. London, Spink, 1926.
- Italo Vecchi. Italian Cast Coinage. A descriptive catalogue of the cast coinage of Rome and Italy. London Ancient Coins, London 2013. Hard bound in quarto format, 84 pages, 90 plates. {{ISBN|978-0-9575784-0-1}}
External links
{{Commons}}
- [http://www.snible.org/coins/hn/index.html Digital Historia Nummorum]
- [http://www.forumancientcoins.com/dougsmith/feac56cas.html Cast Greek & Roman Coins]
- [https://www.jstor.org/stable/296457 The Aes Grave of Central Italy by J. G. Milne]
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Category:Coins of ancient Rome
Category:Economic history of Italy
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