Agaricia tenuifolia
{{Short description|Species of coral}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Agarica agaricites (Scaled Lettuce Coral) closeup.jpg
| status = CR
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| taxon = Agaricia tenuifolia
| authority = Dana, 1848 {{cite WoRMS |author=Hoeksema, Bert |year=2015 |title=Agaricia tenuifolia Dana, 1848 |id=287916 |access-date=2015-06-07}}
}}
Agaricia tenuifolia, commonly known as thin leaf lettuce coral, is a species of colonial stony coral in the family Agariciidae. This coral is found in shallow waters in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico.
Description
In sheltered waters, A. tenuifolia forms irregular encrusting patches with many vertical, leaf-like blades. The corallites, which are on both sides of these blades, are arranged in meandering rows separated by irregular ridges.{{cite web |url=http://coralpedia.bio.warwick.ac.uk/en/corals/agaricia_tenuifolia |title=Agaricia tenuifolia Dana, 1848 |publisher=CoralPedia |access-date=2015-06-07}} In places with more vigorous wave action, this coral may form spherical colonies. The colour of this coral is usually pale brown, reddish-brown or greenish-brown.{{cite web |url=http://www.arkive.org/thin-leaf-lettuce-coral/agaricia-tenuifolia/ |title=Thin leaf lettuce coral (Agaricia tenuifolia) |publisher=ARKive |access-date=2015-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522104043/http://www.arkive.org/thin-leaf-lettuce-coral/agaricia-tenuifolia/ |archive-date=2015-05-22 }}
Distribution
Ecology
File:Orangespotted_filefish_Cantherhines_pullus_%282414876116%29.jpg (Cantherhines pullus)]]
A. tenuifolia is a zooxanthellate species of coral, having symbiotic unicellular dinoflagellates housed in its tissues. These are photosynthetic and use the sun's energy to create nutrients which the coral is able to use and on which it relies for much of its nutritional needs. The coral also feeds at night when the polyps expand and extend their tentacles to catch the zooplankton floating past.
A. tenuifolia is susceptible to bleaching, a process where the coral expels the zooxanthellae from its tissues and turns white. This happens under adverse circumstances, such as when the water temperature becomes too high. This coral recruits readily to open patches of reef in the Meso-American barrier reef off Belize, but could be considered a "coral weed" as it prevents other, more long-lived corals from recruiting.{{cite book |author=Precht, William F. |title=Coral Reef Restoration Handbook |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=POaHRmQRNf0C&pg=PA132 |year=2006|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=978-1-4200-0379-6 |pages=132–133}} In this location, corals were affected by a severe bleaching event in 1999 and although other species later recovered, A. tenuifolia suffered 100% mortality.{{cite book |first1=J.|last1=Gibson |first2=J.|last2=Carter |chapter=The reefs of Belize|editor=Cortés, J. |title=Latin American Coral Reefs |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLlwoNsqxi0C&pg=PA186 |year=2003 |publisher=Gulf Professional Publishing |isbn=978-0-08-053539-5 |page=186}}
Status
A. tenuifolia is susceptible to bleaching and coral diseases, which put it at risk, but it is a fast-growing species and readily colonises disturbed areas of the reef and therefore has the potential to recover rapidly. For these reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being Critically endangered.