Agorophius
{{Short description|Extinct species of whale}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Agorophius pygmaeus.jpg
| fossil_range = Early Oligocene, {{fossilrange|32}}
| display_parents = 2
| parent_authority = Godfrey et al., 2016
| taxon = Agorophius
| authority = Cope, 1895
| type_species = Agorophius pygmaeus
| type_species_authority = J. P. Muller, 1849
}}
Agorophius is an extinct genus of toothed whale that lived during the Oligocene period, approximately {{Mya|32}}, in the waters off what is now South Carolina.
Taxonomy
The holotype of Agorophius pygmaeus, MCZ 8761, was first mentioned in an 1848 report on the geology of South Carolina by Michael Tuomey.M. Tuomey. 1848. Report on the Geology of South Carolina 1-293. It was eventually described as Zeuglodon pygmaeus by Johannes Peter Müller in 1849.J. Muller. 1849. Uber die fossilen Reste der Zeuglodonten von Nordamerica 1-38. Louis Agassiz coined the name Phocodon holmesii for the same specimen, classifying it as an odontocete. Later authors considered Zeuglodon pygmaeus a species of either Dorudon or Squalodon,E. D. Cope. 1868. [Extinct Cetacea from the Miocene bed of Maryland]. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia 20(3):159-160.J. Leidy. 1869. The extinct mammalian fauna of Dakota and Nebraska, including an account of some allied forms from other localities, together with a synopsis of the mammalian remains of North America. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia 2:1-472. and in 1895 Edward Drinker Cope eventually recognized it as being a distinct genus, which he named Agorophius.E. D. Cope. 1895. Fourth contribution to the marine fauna of the Miocene Period of the United States. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 34:135-155.
Although the skull is lost and the tooth is the only extant part of MCZ 8761, Fordyce (1981) was able to diagnose Agorophius based on existing descriptions of the skull by Muller, Cope, and Agassiz.R. E. Fordyce. 1981. Systematics of the odontocete whale Agorophius pygmaeus and the Family Agorophiidae (Mammalia: Cetacea). Journal of Paleontology 55(5):1028-1045. New specimens from the Ashley Formation and Chandler Bridge Formation have provided new data on Agorophius, distinguishing it from other Oligocene odontocetes from the US Eastern Seaboard by the condition of its intertemporal condition.S. Godfrey, M. D. Uhen, J. E. Osborne and L. E. Edwards. 2016. A new specimen of Agorophius pygmaeus (Agorophiidae, Odontoceti, Cetacea) from the early Oligocene Ashley Formation of South Carolina, USA. Journal of Paleontology 90(1):154-169.
Classification
Agorophius is the type genus of Agorophiidae, named by Abel in 1914. A number of archaic odontocetes (e.g. Archaeodelphis, Microzeuglodon, and Xenorophus) were previously assigned to this family, but are now recognized as belonging to distinct families (Xenorophidae).
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Portal|Palaeontology|Cetaceans}}
{{Odontoceti|O.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q48783552}}
Category:Prehistoric toothed whales
Category:Prehistoric mammals of North America
Category:Monotypic prehistoric cetacean genera