Aharon Kotler

{{Short description|American rabbi; founder of Beth Medrash Govoha}}

{{Infobox Jewish leader

| honorific-prefix = Rabbi

| name = Aharon Kotler

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| image = RabbiAharonKotlerClassic.jpg

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| yeshiva = Beth Medrash Govoha, Lakewood Township, New Jersey

| yeshivaposition = Rosh yeshiva

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| successor = Shneur Kotler

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| birth_name = Aharon Kotler

| birth_date = February 2, 1892 (2 Adar 5652)

| birth_place = Śvisłač, Russian Empire

| death_date = {{death date and age|1962|11|29|1891|1|1}}
(2 Kislev 5723)

| death_place = New York City

| buried = Har HaMenuchot

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Aharon Kotler (February 2, 1892 – November 29, 1962) was a Haredi (ultra-Orthodox) rabbi and a prominent leader of Orthodox Judaism in Lithuania and in the United States, where he founded Beth Medrash Govoha in Lakewood Township, New Jersey.

Early life

Kotler was born Aharon Pines{{Cite book|last=Kamenetsky, Noson.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/56324345|title=Making of a godol : a study of episodes in the lives of great Torah personalities|date=c. 2002|publisher=Distributors, Hamesorah Publishers|isbn=965-90379-0-2|location=Jerusalem|oclc=56324345}}{{refn|Pronounced /piːnɪs/ PEE-nis}} in Śvisłač, Russian Empire (historically Lithuania, now Belarus) in 1892. He was orphaned at the age of 10 and adopted by his uncle, Yitzchak Pines, a rabbinic judge in Minsk. He studied in the Slabodka yeshiva in Lithuania under Nosson Tzvi Finkel, and Moshe Mordechai Epstein.

Career

Kotler joined his father-in-law, Isser Zalman Meltzer, in running the yeshiva of Slutsk. After World War I, the yeshiva moved from Slutsk to Kletsk in Belarus. With the outbreak of World War II, Kotler and the yeshiva relocated to Vilna, then the major refuge of most yeshivas from the occupied areas. The smaller yeshivas followed the lead of the larger ones, and either escaped with them to Japan and China, or were arrested by the communists and sent to Siberia or Kazakhstan. Most of his students did not manage to escape and were murdered by the Nazis. He was brought to America on April 10, 1941, by the Vaad Hatzalah rescue organization, and guided it during the Holocaust. At first, he settled in New York City's Upper West Side, and in 1949, he moved to the Borough Park neighborhood of Brooklyn.Ami. No. 65. Apr 4, 2012. p. 84.

In 1943, Kotler founded Beth Medrash Govoha in Lakewood Township, New Jersey, with 15 students. By the time of his death in 1962, the yeshiva had grown to 250 students. He was succeeded by his son, Shneur Kotler, as rosh yeshiva (dean). As of 2011, Beth Medrash Govoha is run by his grandson, Malkiel Kotler, and three of his grandsons-in-law, Yerucham Olshin, Yisroel Neuman, and Dovid Schustal. By 2019 the yeshiva had grown into the largest institution of its kind in the United States with 6,715 students, 2,748 regular and 3,967 in Kollel status.{{cite web|url=https://www.state.nj.us/highereducation/documents/pdf/statistics/fiscal/Enr2018.pdf|access-date=5 April 2023|website=state.nj.us|title=Enrollment in the N.J. Colleges and Universities by Universities, by Level and Attendance Status, Fall 2018}} while the surrounding Lakewood community supports a network of more than 100 other yeshivas{{Cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/ocean/2017/06/what_to_know_about_lakeood.html|title = 11 things to know about Lakewood amid fraud sweep|date = 30 June 2017}} and approximately 200 synagogues{{Cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/|title=New Jersey Local News, Breaking News, Sports & Weather|website=nj|accessdate=5 April 2023}} for an Orthodox population estimated at more than 66,000.Strunsky, Steve. [https://expo.nj.com/news/erry-2018/11/2bd79bf32a6683/lakewoods-orthodox-population.html "Lakewood's Orthodox population keeps growing. We talk to a rabbi about why, and what it means."], The New York Times, December 10, 2007. Accessed August 29, 2011. "Many Orthodox Jews have been drawn to Lakewood by the prestige of the town's yeshiva, Beth Medrash Govoha, one of the largest rabbinical colleges in the world. The yeshiva was founded in 1943 by a Polish-born rabbi, Aaron Kotler. In 1962, when Rabbi Kotler died, the school had 250 students. It now has about 5,000. The wider yeshiva community includes more than a hundred temples, and about 50 schools."

Upon the death of his father-in-law, Kotler inherited the latter's position of rosh yeshiva of Etz Chaim Yeshiva of Jerusalem. In an unusual arrangement, he held this position while continuing to live in the United States, and visiting Jerusalem occasionally. Today, his grandson, Zevulun Schwartzman, heads a {{Transliteration|he|kollel}} located at Etz Chaim Yeshiva.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}

Activism

File:RabbiAharonKotler.tif

Following his arrival in the United States, Kotler joined the presidium of the Vaad Hatzalah, working feverishly to save rabbis and yeshiva students who were trapped in Europe.{{Cite web|last=Development|first=PodBean|title=To Save A World: Rav Aharon Kotler's Endless Activism|url=https://jsoundbites.podbean.com/e/to-save-a-world-rav-aharon-kotlers-endless-activism/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=jsoundbites.podbean.com|language=en}} Along with Eliezer Silver, Avraham Kalmanowitz and others, he worked day and night, using both private and government channels to try and save lives.{{Cite web |last=Levine |first=Rabbi Menachem |title=Henry Morgenthau’s Queen Esther Moment |url=https://aish.com/henry-morgenthaus-queen-esther-moment/ |access-date=March 19, 2023 |website=}} A committed anti-Zionist,{{cite book|author=Shaul Magid|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5A8CLx_UqvsC&pg=PA169|title=American Post-Judaism: Identity and Renewal in a Postethnic Society|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-253-00802-2|page=169|quote=R. Elhanon Wasserman, who is featured prominently in the ArtScroll series, was one of the most vehement anti-Zionists in the wartime period. R. Aaron Kotler, the founder of the Lakewood Yeshiva and architect of Yeshiva Orthodoxy in America, was also a committed anti-Zionist.}} Kotler also helped establish Chinuch Atzmai, the independent religious school system in Israel, and was the chairman of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of Agudath Israel. He chaired the Rabbinical administration board of Torah Umesorah, and was on the presidium of the Agudas HaRabbonim of the U.S. and Canada.

Some of those noted Jewish activists who supported Kotler in his efforts were Irving Bunim, Moses Feuerstein,{{Cite web|date=2009-06-01|title=Moses I. Feuerstein, 1916-2009|url=https://jewishaction.com/jewish-world/people/moses_i-_feuerstein_1916-2009/|access-date=2021-01-04|website=Jewish Action|language=en}} Stephen Klein and Zev Wolfson.{{Cite web|last=Mathias|first=Elliot|date=2012-08-19|title=Zev Wolfson: A Modest Visionary|url=https://www.aish.com/jw/s/Zev-Wolfson-A-Modest-Visionary.html|access-date=2021-01-04|website=aishcom|language=en}}

Death

Kotler died at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City on November 29, 1962.Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1962/11/30/archives/rabbi-aaron-kotler-dead-at-71-jersey-rabbinical-school-dean.html "Rabbi Aaron Kotler Dead at 71; Jersey Rabbinical School Dean"], The New York Times, November 30, 1962. Accessed August 29, 2011. A funeral service at the Congregation Sons of Israel Kalwarier on Manhattan's Lower East Side drew 25,000 mourners, with 200 officers from the New York City Police Department assigned to the event. Kotler was buried in Israel[https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0815FE3959137B93C1A91789D95F468685F9 "25,000 MOURNERS AT Rabbi Aharon KOTLER'S RITES; Crowd Pays Tribute to Rabbi at East Side Synagogue"], The New York Times, December 3, 1962. Accessed August 29, 2011.Staff. [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0C13FC3959137B93C7A91789D95F468685F9 "30,000 March in Funeral Of Rabbi Aharon Kotler in Israel"], The New York Times, December 5, 1962. Accessed August 29, 2011. on Har HaMenuchot.

Works

Shu"t Mishnas R' Aharon, responsa
Mishnas Rabbi Aharon on various tractates of the Talmud

Notable students

Yitzchak Abadi (born 1933), {{Transliteration|he|posek}} in Lakewood, New Jersey
Philip Berg (1927-2013), dean of the Kabbalah Centre
Shlomo Brevda (1931-2013), maggid and Vilna Gaon scholar
Shlomo Carlebach (musician)
José Faur (1934–2020), Sepharadi {{Transliteration|he|hakham}}, teacher and scholar
Moshe Heinemann, {{Transliteration|he|posek}} in Baltimore
Leib Heyman, Rav Beis Knesses HaGra, Jerusalem Israel
Moshe Hillel Hirsch, rosh yeshiva Slabodka Yeshiva in Bnei Brak
Shmuel Kamenetsky, rosh yeshiva Talmudical Academy of Philadelphia
{{ill|Shlomo Korach|he|שלמה קורח}} (1935-2018), chief rabbi of Bnei Brak
Shlomo Leifer of Nadvorna
Shlomo Miller, rosh kollel and {{Transliteration|he|posek}} in Toronto
Yechiel Perr (born 1935), rosh yeshiva Yeshiva of Far Rockaway
Elyakim Rosenblatt, rosh yeshiva of Yeshiva Kesser Torah
Gedalia Schorr (born 1910), rosh yeshiva of Torah Vodaas
Meir Stern, rosh yeshiva Yeshiva Gedola of Passaic
Elya Svei (1924-2009), rosh yeshiva Talmudical Academy of Philadelphia
Yisroel Taplin, International Date Line scholar

References

{{Cite book|title = Dershowitz Family Saga|isbn = 9781510770232|last1 = Dor-Shav (Dershowitz)|first1 = Zecharia|year=2022|chapter=Personal Experiences with Great Rabbis of My Generation}}

External links

[https://mishpacha.com/with-fire-in-his-eyes/ With Fire In His Eyes: The Burning Mission of Rav Aharon Kotler]
[http://www.shemayisrael.com/ravaharon/index.htm Rav Aharon Kotler Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202010905/https://www.shemayisrael.com/ravaharon/index.htm |date=2021-12-02 }}
[https://jsoundbites.podbean.com/e/to-save-a-world-rav-aharon-kotlers-endless-activism/ Jewish History Soundbites Podcast on Rabbi Aharon Kotler]

Category:1891 births

Category:1962 deaths

Category:People from Svislach

Category:People from Volkovyssky Uyezd

Category:Belarusian Haredi rabbis

Category:Beth Medrash Govoha

Category:American Haredi rabbis

Category:Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah

Category:20th-century Lithuanian rabbis

Category:People from Lakewood Township, New Jersey

Category:Rosh yeshivas

Category:The Holocaust and the United States