Ahmad Huseinzadeh
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| image = Portrait of Sheikhulislam by Huseinzade.jpg
| caption = Portrait by Ali bey Huseynzade, 1900
| name = Ahmad Huseynzadeh
| religion = Islam
| school = Shia
| location = Tbilisi, Russian Empire
| title = Third Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus
| Period = 15 October 1852–1884
| Predecessor = Fazil Iravani
| Successor = Mirza Hasan Tahirzadeh
| post = Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus
| birth_date = 1812
| birth_place = Salyan, Shirvan Khanate
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1887|12|17|1812|df=y}}
| death_place = Tbilisi, Russian Empire
| signature =
| honorific prefix = Sheikh ul-Islam
}}
Ahmad Huseinzadeh ({{langx|az|Əhməd Hüseynzadə}}) also known as Sheikh Ahmad Salyani{{Cite web|last=|date=5 June 2020|title=Photos: Two Quran manuscripts at Salyan Library of Azerbaijan|url=https://en.shafaqna.com/148856/photos-two-quran-manuscripts-at-salyan-library-of-azerbaijan/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-14|website=International Shia News Agency|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702105910/https://en.shafaqna.com/148856/photos-two-quran-manuscripts-at-salyan-library-of-azerbaijan/ |archive-date=2020-07-02 }}{{Cite web|date=8 August 2018|title=Forgotten paintings by Ali bey Huseynzadeh|url=https://nargismagazine.az/en/articles/article-224/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-14|website=Nargis magazine {{!}} Журнал Nargis|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718193807/https://nargismagazine.az/en/articles/article-224/ |archive-date=2020-07-18 }} — third Sheikh ul-Islam of the Caucasus, maternal grandfather of Ali bey Huseynzade.
Early life
He was born in Salyan in 1812 to Ali Huseynzadeh.{{Cite book|last=Turan|first=Azar|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/551019487|title=Ali bey Huseynzade|date=2008|publisher=Salam Press|isbn=978-5-7164-0582-0|location=Moscow|pages=4–8|language=az|oclc=551019487}} He was brought up initially from 1822 to 1832 in his hometown by his uncle Akhund Molla Muhammad Hussein.{{Cite web|title=Формулярный список о службе председателя Шиитского духовного правления, Закавказского шейх-уль-ислама Ахунда Ахмеда Гусейн-заде · Russian Perspectives on Islam|url=https://islamperspectives.org/rpi/items/show/9610|access-date=2021-06-14|website=islamperspectives.org}} Then he became a student of the Baku mujtahid Akhund Molla Ramazan, and studied with him for another six years, until 1838 when he completed the full course of Arabic sciences.
Career
After graduation, he returned to Salyan in 1839 and started teaching various subjects to local children for 6 years. He later gained higher religious education in Najaf and Tbilisi. He was appointed as Sheikh ul-Islam by Alexander II of Russia after Fazil Iravani's resignation with a monthly pension of 1600 rubles on 15 October 1852. He was appointed as head of the Spiritual Council of Transcaucasian Shia Muslims, on 5 April 1875. His deputy was Akhund Mustafa Talibzadeh, father of Abdulla Shaig. He was described as a rather liberal-thinking cleric by Fatali Akhundzadeh{{Cite book|last=Akhundov|first=Mirza Fatali|title=Works|publisher=Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences|year=1962|volume=3|location=Baku|pages=265–266|language=az|author-link=Mirza Fatali Akhundov}} and contributed to Akinchi, first Azerbaijani language newspaper. In his letter to Akhundzadeh in 1862, Yousuf Khan Mostashar al-Dowleh said of Huseinzadeh "I don't even consider him a mullah, but rather a spiritual cleric." Like Akhundzadeh, he was a promoter of the Latin alphabet for Azerbaijani and defended the idea that it is not incompatible with Sharia and Islam.{{Cite news|last=Ahmad|first=Huseinzade|date=6 November 1881|title=Ziya|issue=3}}
He resigned in 1884 and lived in Tbilisi where he died 3 years later.
Family
He was married to the daughter of his uncle Mahammad Ali Huseynzadeh, Husniyya Khanum and had two daughters with her:
- Fatima Huseinzadeh (b. 1 April 1844, d. 1890) — married to Hajji Muhammad agha, son of Hajji Mirza Hasan in Shamakhi
- Khadija Huseinzadeh – married to Molla Hussein Huseinzadeh, son of Kazim bey Huseinzadeh of Quruzma
- Ali bey Huseynzade
- Ismail Huseynzade (1868–1941) — married to his cousin Mina (b. 1878), daughter of Fatima Huseinzadeh, had issues
Works
Awards
- Order of St. Anna, 2nd class with Imperial crown (22 September 1871)
- Order of St. Vladimir, 3rd class (30 August 1881)