Al-Awamiyah

Al-Awamia is an ancient town overlooking the Persian Gulf, located at the northern end of the Qatif oasis in Saudi Arabia. It lies within the Qatif Governorate, approximately 2.1 kilometers south of Safwa City and about 1 kilometer north of Al-Qudaih. The town used to features a mangrove area.

Historically, Al-Awamia had direct access to the sea, but that coastline was buried due to land reclamation and urban development. The town also had several natural water springs (عيون ماء) that once supported agriculture and daily life, most of which have now disappeared.

One of Al-Awamia's neighborhoods is Zara, a historically significant site that served as the capital of the historic of Eastern Arabia during the early Islamic era. In recent years, more than half of Zara was removed to make way for a major road construction project.

Al-Awamia was formerly bordered by Ramis farms to the east, with other farmlands to the west and south. Most of these farms have been cleared due to urban expansion. To the north, the town is bordered by Safwa City, limiting its ability to expand and provide new housing. Consequently, many residents have moved to nearby areas, especially Nasera, which is now home to around 2,500 people living in 250 homes.

Al-Qudaih, located just south of Al-Awamia, is also part of the Qatif Governorate and shares deep historical and social connections with Al-Awamia, forming part of the larger network of communities in the region.:ar:العوامية{{Circular reference|date=February 2019|}}{{Cite web|url=http://alrames.net/?act=artc&id=873|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612081043/http://alrames.net/?act=artc&id=873|url-status=usurped|archive-date=June 12, 2010| title="الزارة" منطقة تاريخية تفاجئ المنقبين - شبكة الرامس الثقافية - إشراقة ثقافية تتطلع للأفضل }}

{{See also|2011–12 Saudi Arabian protests}}

Despite a ban on public demonstrations in Saudi Arabia, on 29 July 2006, a pro-Hezbollah march took place in Al-Awamiyah and al-Qatif, protesting against Israel’s military campaign against Lebanon.{{cite news|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/world/20060731-1129-mideast-saudi-protests.html|title=Saudi Shi'ites stage rare anti-Israel protests|date=31 July 2006|work=The San Diego Union-Tribune|accessdate=7 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019191454/http://legacy.utsandiego.com/news/world/20060731-1129-mideast-saudi-protests.html|archive-date=19 October 2012|url-status=dead}} Further protests took place on 3 August of the same year{{cite news|url=http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2628/html/politic.htm |title=Saudi Police Disperse Pro-Hezbollah Shiite Protest |date=5 August 2006 |publisher=Iran Daily |accessdate=2009-09-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061021221036/http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2628/html/politic.htm |archivedate=October 21, 2006 }} and on 28 April 2009.{{cite news|url=http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/08/02/10057009.html |title=Saudi march for Hezbollah draws thousands |date=3 May 2009 |publisher=Gulf News |accessdate=2009-09-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929133655/http://archive.gulfnews.com/articles/06/08/02/10057009.html |archivedate=29 September 2007 }}

In March 2009, at least four people, including a minor, were arrested after taking part in rallies which were organized to protest the warrant for the arrest of Sheikh Nimr Baqir al-Nimr, a senior Shiite cleric and Imam of a mosque in Al-Awamiyah. He had criticised attacks against Shias traveling to the tomb of Muhammad.{{cite news|url=http://www.hns-info.net/spip.php?article17955 |title=Des hommes et des adolescents chiites maintenus au secret par les autorités saoudiennes ("Men and young Shiites held incommunicado by the Saudi authorities") |date=27 March 2009 |publisher=Hacktivist News Service |language=French |accessdate=2009-09-13 |url-status=usurped |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615131956/http://www.hns-info.net/spip.php?article17955 |archivedate=2011-06-15 }}

On 5 April 2015, a security officer was killed during a raid on suspected government opponents. According to the government, at least four citizens were detained and weapons seized.{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Brian|title=Saudi Shiites worry about backlash from Yemen war|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/saudi-shiites-worry-about-backlash-from-yemen-war/2015/04/07/10b01be2-dc7e-11e4-b6d7-b9bc8acf16f7_story.html|accessdate=23 February 2016|newspaper=Washington Post|date=April 8, 2015|ref=2015aprprotest}}

In January 2016, Saudi Arabia executed the prominent Shiite cleric Sheikh Nimr Baqir al-Nimr, who had called for pro-democracy demonstrations, along with forty-seven people accused of terrorism.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/02/saudi-execution-of-shia-cleric-sparks-outrage-in-middle-east|title=Saudi execution of Shia cleric sparks outrage in Middle East|last=Slawson|first=Nikola|date=2 January 2016|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160108162024/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/02/saudi-execution-of-shia-cleric-sparks-outrage-in-middle-east|archive-date=8 January 2016|url-status=live|access-date=7 June 2018}}

In May 2017, Al-Awamiyah was put under full siege by the Saudi military after violence broke out due to evictions. The government blamed the violence on terrorist activities. Reports indicate that between 10 and 25 people were killed from gunfire and shelling, including two infants.{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/awamiyah-saudi-arabia-boy-killed-sniper-gun-shot-wounds-family-shot-at-open-fire-qatif-shia-nimr-al-a7886136.html|title=Awamiyah: Three-year-old boy dies from wounds after Saudi security forces 'open fire on family'|last=McKernan|first=Bethan|date=10 August 2017|website=Independent|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810184935/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/awamiyah-saudi-arabia-boy-killed-sniper-gun-shot-wounds-family-shot-at-open-fire-qatif-shia-nimr-al-a7886136.html|archive-date=10 August 2017|url-status=live|access-date=7 June 2018}}

Residents also reported soldiers shooting at homes, cars and everyone in streets.{{cite news |title=Inside the Saudi town that's been under siege for three months by its own government |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-siege-town-own-citizens-government-kingdom-military-government-awamiyah-qatif-a7877676.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804190948/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-siege-town-own-citizens-government-kingdom-military-government-awamiyah-qatif-a7877676.html |archive-date=2017-08-04 |url-access=limited |url-status=live |accessdate=22 October 2018 |work=The Independent}} During the crackdown the Saudi government demolished several historical sites and many other buildings and houses in Qatif.{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/saudi-awamiya-un-idINKBN18K1S0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802091442/http://in.reuters.com/article/saudi-awamiya-un-idINKBN18K1S0|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 2, 2017|title=U.N. slams erasing of "cultural heritage" in Saudi Arabia|first=|last=|newspaper=Reuters|date=24 May 2017|publisher=}}

20,000 residents were forced to flee from their homes to survive.{{cite news |title=Saudi man killed trying help citizens flee Awamiya: sources |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security-awamiya-idUSKBN1AJ217 |accessdate=22 October 2018 |work=Reuters}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/awamiya-clashes-624393888|title = Saudi bulldozers flatten Shia town as residents flee carnage}} and the town was devastated by demolitions and fighting.{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40937581|title=Awamiya: Inside Saudi Shia town devastated by demolitions and fighting|date=16 August 2017|website=BBC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225141602/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-40937581|archive-date=25 February 2018|url-status=live|access-date=7 June 2018}}

Redevelopment Project

Without consultation with local residents, a “redevelopment project” was launched in February 2018 by the governor of the Eastern Province. The main goal of the project is to enhance “security solution or the tracking of armed groups and sleeper cells”.{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/551882/SAUDI-ARABIA/New-face-of-Awamiya-reflects-remedy-for-security-issues|title=New face of Awamiya reflects remedy for security issues|date=2019-01-07|website=Saudigazette|language=English|access-date=2019-01-08}}

Al-Awamiyah's economy is based mainly on petroleum production and agriculture.

The town is particularly famous and known for its tomatoes which are called Ramsi tomatoes after the name of the land it is grown in, Al Ramis.{{Cite web |url=http://www.alwatan.com.sa/news/newsdetail.asp?issueno=3113&id=96980&groupID=0 |title=جريدة الوطن السعودية-«الرامسي» |access-date=2009-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512222752/http://www.alwatan.com.sa/news/newsdetail.asp?issueno=3113&id=96980&groupID=0 |archive-date=2009-05-12 |url-status=dead }}

Oil pipelines surround the village from the west and north sides along with several oil wells of which some are old and others newly drilled as part of Qatif Project. Over 2 million barrels of oil pass through the village each day on the way to the Ras Tanura terminal and refinery.

The town is served by the nearby King Fahd International Airport which is 25 minutes away with a distance of 30 km from the terminal to the town.

The town can be accessed via either two exits from Dhahran–Jubail Expressway; the Airport exit or Qatif's main entrance near Al-Awjam. By March 2019, a new highway connecting the city with its neighbouring area is planned to be launched.{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2018/08/30/shias-are-doing-better-in-saudi-arabia|title=Shias are doing better in Saudi Arabia|date=2018-08-30|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=2018-12-14|issn=0013-0613}}

Nearly all of the residents of Al-Awamiyah practice Twelver Shia Islam.

• Ali Mohammed Baqir al-Nimr, the nephew of Sheikh Nimr, was run over and arrested by Saudi authorities in 2012, and {{as of|2018|02|15|lc=yes}}, faces death for the same accusations.
• Ayatollah Nimr al-Nimr was executed on January 2, 2016, by the Saudi regime for his calls for democratic change. His name is praised on Al-Awamiyah's walls and his portraits hang from billboards and balconies alongside those of Husayn ibn Ali.{{cite news|title=After Nimr al-Nimr's execution: Tension and revolt in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province: The kingdom's Shias are angry|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21694960-kingdoms-shias-are-angry-tension-and-revolt-saudi-arabias-eastern-province|accessdate=17 March 2016|newspaper=The Economist|date=16 March 2016}}

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Cite web |title=Ali Al-Nimr: Six Years Between the Sword and Freedom |publisher= European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights |language=en |date=2018-02-15 |url=https://www.esohr.org/en/?p=1275 |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20181225040011/https://www.esohr.org/en/?p=1275 |archivedate= 2018-12-25 |url-status=dead |access-date=2018-08-17}}

}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20090524192549/http://www.awamia.com/ Al-Awamiyah on the web] {{in lang|ar}}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20170720225922/http://www.awamphoto.com/ Awam photo] {{in lang|ar}}
• [http://www.nadialsalam.com Alsalam club] {{in lang|ar}}

{{Portal|Saudi Arabia}}

{{Authority control}}

Category:Populated places in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Category:Violence against Shia Muslims in Saudi Arabia

*

Category:Sectarian violence

Category:Shia–Sunni sectarian violence