Al-Marzubani

{{Infobox scholar

| name = Abū 'Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn 'Imrān al-Marzubānī

| native_name = {{lang|ar|أبو عبد الله محمد عمران المرزباني الخراساني}}

| native_name_lang = ar

| caption =

| other_names = Abū 'Abd Allāh Muḥammad 'Imrān ibn Mūsā ibn Sa'īd ibn 'Abd Allāh al-Marzubānī ({{lang|ar|أبو عبد الله محمد عمران بن موسى بن سعيد بن عبد الله}})

| birth_date = February-March 909 (Jumāda 296/7 AH)

| birth_place = Baghdād, al-Irāq

| death_date = {{Death date and age|994|11|10|909|02|09|df=y}} [2 Shawwāl 384 A.H.]

| death_place = Baghdād, al-Irāq

| era = Islamic Golden Age
(Middle and Later Abbasid era)

| region =

| alma_mater =

| school_tradition =

| main_interests =

| principal_ideas =

| major_works =

| awards =

| influences = Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Baghawī, Abū Dā'ūd al-Sijistānī

| influenced = Ibn al-Murtaḍā

| footnotes =

}}

Abū 'Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn 'Imrān ibn Mūsā ibn Sa'īd ibn 'Abd Allāh al-Marzubānī al-Khurāsānī{{refn|group=n|'Abd Allāh or 'Ubayd Allāh}} ({{Langx|ar|أبو عبد الله محمد بن عمران بن موسى المرزباني الخراساني}}) (c. 909 – 10 November 994),{{refn|group=n|Authorities vary on the year of his death: Flügel Al-Fihrist —988/89; Yāqūt, Irshād, VI (7), 50—either 988/89 or 994; the Beatty MS of Al-Fihrist, Khallikān (Ibn) 1843, III, 67 and Baghdādī (al-) 2001, Ta'rīkh, §1426, 227-9— 994}}{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=289}} was a prolific author of adab, akhbar (news), history and ḥadīth (traditions). He lived all his life in his native city, Baghdad, although his family came originally from Khurāsān.

Life

Al-Marzubānī came from a wealthy Arab{{sfn|Sellheim|2023}} family connected to the royal court of the Abbāsid caliph. Ibn al-Jawālīqī in his Kitāb al-Mu'arrab, explains that al-Marzubānī inherited a Persian epithet "Marzban", which means 'Guardian of the frontier'. The Buyid amir ‘Aḍūd al-Dawla was known to visit his residence on the east bank of the Tigris,{{sfn|Sellheim|1991|p=634}} where he would also entertain members of a literary circle dedicated to the conservation and transmission of Arabic philological literature.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|pp=189–190}} Fellow authors in his circle were Abū Ya'qūb al-Najīramī{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)|1871|loc=IV|pp=409–411}}{{sfn|Yāqūt|1869|loc=Geog., IV|p=764, l. 17}} (d.1031), Abū Sa'īd al-Sīrāfī{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)|1843|loc=I|pp=377–379}}{{sfn|Suyūṭī (al-)|1965|loc=Bughyat |pp=507–508}} (d. 979) and Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn 'Abd al-Malik al-Tārīkhī.{{sfn|Zubaydī (al-)|2009|loc=Ṭabaqāt |pp=106–107}} He edited the first dīwān (collected poems) by the Umayyad caliph Muawiyah I (r. 661–680), which he produced in a small volume of about three kurrāsa,{{refn|group=n|A kurrāsa, or quire, typically has twenty pages.{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)| 1868|loc=III|p=68, n.2}}}} – ca., 60 ff.

=Al-Marzubānī's principal teachers=

'Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Baghawī{{refn|group=n|'Abd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn 'Abd Allāh al-'Azīz al-Baghawī Abū al-Qāsim, kunya Ibn Bint Munī'.}} (829 – 929), jurist.{{sfn|Ḥajar (Ibn)|loc=Lisān al-Mīzān, III|p=338}}{{sfn|Nawawī (al-)|1847|p=765}}{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=561}}{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)|1843|loc=I|p=323}}
Abū Bakr ibn Abī Dā'ūd al-Sijistānī (ca. 844—928/929), ḥāfiẓ, scholar of Ḥadīth and Qur'an, and author of Kitāb al-Masābīh.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=559}}{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)|1843|loc=I|pp=590–591}}
al-Ṣūlī held al-Marzubānī in high esteem{{sfn|Ṣūlī (al-)|1936|p=10}} and much of al-Marzubānī's material in his Kitāb al-Muwashshaḥ and his compilation technique was apparently borrowed from him.

=Al-Marzubānī's principal authorities=

Abū Bakr ibn Durayd (837 -934), a great grammarian of Basra.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|pp=133–137}}{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)|1868|loc=III|p= 37}}
Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim ibn al-Anbārī{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|pp=164–166}}{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)|1868|loc=III|p=53}} (855 – 940) was a famous pupil of Tha'lab.

Abū Bakr al-Khwārizmī led the funeral service. He was buried in his house on Shari Amr al-Rūmī (Amr the Greek Street), on the eastern quarter of Baghdād.{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)|1868|loc=III|p=68}}

Legacy

He was the last of the authorities of literary and oral tradition Isḥāq al-Nadīm met.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=288}} He was cited by the Mu'tazilite theologian Abū 'Abd Allāh al-Ṣaymarī (d. 927/8),{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|pp=427, 429, 433-435}}{{sfn|Murtaḍā (Ibn al-)|1961|p=96}} Abū al-Qāsim al-Tanūkhi (940 – 994),{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)|1843|loc=II|p=567}} Abū Muḥammad al-Jauhari, et al. Some sectarian-based criticism{{snd}}attributed to al-Marzubānī's religious leanings and madhhab, despite his publication of Ḥanafī, Shī'i and Mu'tazila riwāya and akhbar (biographies).{{snd}}seems to have led to the relative neglect of his writings by Sunni scholars in later centuries.

Works

Among his books were:{{refn|group=n|Titles sequence and number of ff given for each book differ considerably in the Beatty MS and Flügel edition of Al-Nadīm's Al-Fihrist.}}

{{columns-list|colwidth=50em|

Al–Mu'niq ({{lang|ar|كتاب المونق}}) 'Pleasing'; accounts of famous pre–Islamic poets, from Imru' al-Qays and members of his category, with a thorough investigation of their traditions; to poets from the pre-to-early-Islāmic period, and the Muslims following them and their generations; early Muslims and their best traditions about Jarīr ibn 'Aṭīyah, al-Farazdaq and their cohort before the 'Abbāsid era; Ibn Harmah{{refn|group=n|Ibn Harmah Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm ibn 'Alī.}} (685 – 767) and al-Ḥusayn ibn Muṭayr al-Asadī (d. 767),{{sfn|Iṣbahānī|1888|loc=XIV|p=114}}{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)|1868|loc=III|pp=407–408, n.15}}{{sfn|Yāqūt|1866|loc=Geog., I|p=148, l.23}} and poets; over 5000 ff.
Al–Mustanīr 'Illuminating'; anthology of famous modern poets and selected poetry according to age and period; From Bashshār ibn Burd, to Abū al-'Abbās 'Abd Allāh ibn al-Mu'tazz bi-Allāh. —6000 ff; in an autograph by al-Marzubānī in sixty Sulaymānīyah volumes.{{refn|group=n|Sulaymānīyah; here probably a kind of paper. Each leather-bound mujallad (volume) contained 100 ff.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=289, n. 166}}}}
Al-Mufīd ({{lang|ar|كتاب المفيد}}) 'Profitable'; §1—late-pre-early-Islāmic poets with paternal or maternal surnames, genealogies, patrons, affiliations etc.;{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=290}} §2—references to physical characteristics of poets; §3—religious ideologies and practices of poets; §4—those who spurned pre-Islāmic poetry in favour of Islām and religious piety; or satire for eulogy{{refn|group=n|MS is unclear. Perhaps al-madīḥ ("eulogy") or al-mudabbaj ('indecent').{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=290, n.169}}}}; or love poetry for virtuosity; and those dedicated to a single poetic subject, such as Sayyid ibn Muḥammad al-Ḥimyarī and al-'Abbās ibn al-Aḥnaf, et al. 5000 ff.
Al-Mu'jam ({{lang|ar|كتاب المعجم}}) 'The Alphabetical Book';{{refn|group=n|Al-Mu'jam here clearly means "alphabetical." In his life of al-Khowarizmi{{sfn|Khallikān (Ibn)|1868|loc=III|p=109}} Khallikān mentions a title Mu'jam al-Shu'arā by al-Marzubānī.}} a dictionary of ca., 5000 poets and selected verses, and best known stanzas; over 1000 ff.
Al-Muwashshaḥ ({{lang|ar|كتاب الموشّح}}) 'The Acrostic', literary criticism of poetry by the authorities (al-'ulamā'), such as use, and inconsistent use, of vowel signs, mispronunciations, final syllable repetition in a verse, irregular rhyming, changes, ambiguity, loose weaving of the composition, and other errors in poetry; over 300 ff.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=291}}
Al-Shi'r ({{lang|ar|كتاب الشعر}}) 'Poetry'{{refn|group=n|Translated from the Beatty MS of Al-Fihrist.}} a compendium of descriptions of qualities, benefits, defects; kinds, forms, measures, prosody, essential characteristics, selections; compositional and recitational poetic training, plagiarism{{snd}}detection, varieties and forms. Over 2000 ff.
Ash'ār al-Nisā ({{lang|ar|كتاب اشعار النساء}}) 'Poems of Women'; ca. 500 ff.
Kitab Ash'ār al-Khulafā ({{lang|ar|كتاب اشعار الخلفآء}}) 'Poems of the Caliphs'; over 200 ff.
Al-Muqtabas ({{lang|ar|كتاب المقتبس}}) 'Things Quoted', traditions of the grammarians of al-Baṣrah, the first grammarian and author of a book on grammar; traditions about al-Farrā' and the scholars of al-Baṣrah and of al-Kūfah, the quoters (transmitters), and residents of the 'City of Peace' (Baghdād); ca., 3000 ff.
Al-Murshid ({{lang|ar|كتاب المرشد}}) 'Guide to the Right Way'; traditions of al-mutakallimūn and the People of Justice and Oneness ('Mu'tazilah'), their assemblies and doctrines; ca 1000 ff.
Ash'ār al-Jinn ({{lang|ar|كتاب اشعار الجن}}) 'Poems Attributed to the Jinn'; ca. 100 ff.
Al-Riyāḍ ({{lang|ar|كتاب الرياض}}) 'Gardens'; accounts of obsessed people arranged by category; passionate love and its effects, its start and end; terminology and varieties recorded by the philologists; derivations of the terms, with examples from poems by pre-Islāmic poets and by converts to Islām, Muslim and contemporary poets; over 3000 ff.
Al-Wāthiq ({{lang|ar|كتاب الواثق}}) 'The Clear';{{refn|group=n|The Flügel edition of Al-Fihrist gives the title Kitāb al-Wāthiq, but Beatty MS gives Kitāb al-Rā'iq, and omits part of the following paragraph.}} characteristics, qualities, forms, and methods of song; traditions on freeborn, handmaid, and male and female slave singers; over 1600 ff.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p= 292}}
Al-Azminah ({{lang|ar|كتاب الازمنة}}) 'The Seasons'; characteristics of the four seasons; heat and cold; clouds and lightning, wind and rain, al-rawwād ('fresh pasturage'), prayers for rain, spring and autumn; ẓurafā ("beauties"){{refn|group=n|Dodge, Al-Fihrist, notes that the Flügel edition has ṭarafā, but that ẓurafā seems correct.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=292, n.178}}}} of the celestial sphere, the houses of the zodiac, the sun, and the moon with its stations; astrological descriptions and poems of Arabs; planets and the fixed stars, day and night, Arab and Persian days, months and years; periods and eras, language connections to sections of this book, historical traditions, poems, explanations; ca., 2000 ff.
Al-Anwār wa-al-Thimār ({{lang|ar|كتاب الانوهر والثمار}}) 'Flowers and Fruits'. References in poetry, records and traditions, to the rose, the narcissus, and other flowers; praise in poetry and prose of certain fruits, palms etc; ca., 500 ff.
Akhbār al-Barāmakah ({{lang|ar|كتاب اخبار البرامكة}}) 'Traditions of the Barmak Family', their rise and downfall in disgrace; ca 500 ff.
Al-Mufaṣṣal ({{lang|ar|كتاب المفصل}}) 'Elocution and Eloquence,'{{refn|group=n|Or Kitāb al-Mufaḍḍal, or Kitāb al-Mifḍal{{snd}}'Distinguished for Excellence'.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1872|p=589}}}} Arabic elocution and calligraphy; ca 700 ff.
Al-Tahānī ({{lang|ar|كتاب التهانى}}) 'Congratulations'; ca., 500 ff.
Al-Taslīm wa-al-Ziyārah ({{lang|ar|كتاب التسليم والزيارة}}) 'Submission and Pilgrimage'; 400 ff.
Al-'Ibādah ({{lang|ar|كتاب العبادة}}) 'Worship';{{refn|group=n|Or Kitāb al-'Iyādah 'Visiting';{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1872|p=588}}}} 400 ff.
Al-Maghāzī ({{lang|ar|كتاب المغازى}}) 'Raids';{{refn|group=n|Or Kitāb al-Ta'āzī 'Consolations'.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1872|p=588}}}} ca., 300 ff.
Al-Marāthī ({{lang|ar|كتاب المراثى}}) 'Elegies'; 500 ff.
Al-Mu'allā 'The Exalted Book', excellencies of the Qur'ān; 200 ff.{{refn|group=n|Title omitted in Flügel of Al-Fihrist.}}
Talqīḥ al-'Uqūl ({{lang|ar|كتاب تلقيح العقول}}) 'Fertilization of Minds', over 100 sections, on the mind, culture, learning, etc.; over 3000 ff.
Al-Mushrif ({{lang|ar|كتاب المشرف}}) 'The Noble Book', the rule of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad, his culture, his preaching, his companions, the testaments and the rule of the Arabs and Persians; 1500 ff.{{refn|group=n|Beatty MS and Flügel differ.}}
Akhbār man Tamaththal bi-al-Ash'ār 'Traditions of Poets Who Use Metaphor'; over 100 ff.
Al-Shabāb wa-al-Shayb ({{lang|ar|كتاب الشباب والشعيب}}) 'Youth and Old Age'; 300 ff.
Al-Mutawwaj ({{lang|ar|كتاب المتوج}}) 'Crowned', on justice and ethical living; over 100 ff.
Al-Madīḥ ({{lang|ar|كتاب المديح في الولائم والدعوات والشراب}}) 'Praise, on banquets, invitations, and drink';{{refn|group=n|Or Kitāb al- Mudabbaj{{snd}}'Brocaded' (Adorned);{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1872|p=588}}}}
Al-Farkh ({{lang|ar|كتاب الفرخ}}) 'The Young';{{refn|group=n|Kitāb al-Faraj, al-Furaj, or al-Farj{{snd}}'Relief';{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1872|p=588}}}} nearly 100 ff.
Al-Hadāyā ({{lang|ar|كتاب الهدايا}}) 'Gifts'; ca., 300 ff.{{refn|group=n|A second manuscript autograph mentioned in Flügel is omitted in Beatty MS of Al-Fihrist.}}
Al-Muzakhraf ({{lang|ar|كتاب المزخرف}}) 'Ornamented'; on the ikhwān ({{lang|ar|الاخوان}}) 'Brothers' and aṣḥāb ({{lang|ar|الاصحاب}}) 'Companions'; 300 ff.
Akhbār Abī Muslim al-Khurāsānī, Ṣāḥib al-Da'wah ({{lang|ar|كتاب اخبار ابى مُسْلم صاحب الدعوة}}) 'Traditions of Abū Muslim al-Khurāsānī, Giver of the Summons';{{refn|group=n|In 750 Abū Muslim led the call to overthrow the Umayyad caliphs which established the 'Abbāsid regime and so was called "Giver of the Summons";{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=294}}}} 100 ff.
Al-Du'ā ({{lang|ar|كتاب الدعاء}}) 'Supplication' (Invocation); ca., 200 ff.
Al-Awā'il ({{lang|ar|كتاب الاوائل}}) 'The Ancients'; eras and beliefs of ancient Persians and the People of Justice and Oneness, viz., the Mu'tazilah; ca., 1000 ff.
Al-Mustaṭraf ({{lang|ar|كتاب المستطرف}}) 'The Newly Acquired'; the foolish and unusual; over 300 ff.
Akhbār al-Awlād wa-al-Zawjāt wa-al-Ahl ({{lang|ar|كتاب الخبار الاولاد والزوجات والاهل}}) 'Traditions of Children, Wives, and the Family', with praise and blame; 200 ff.
Al-Zuhd wa-Akhbār al-Zuhhād 'Renunciation and Traditions of the Ascetics'; over 200 ff.
Dhamm al-Dunyā ({{lang|ar|كتاب ذمّ الدنيا}}) 'Blame of the World'; over 100 ff.
Al-Munīr ({{lang|ar|كتاب المنير}}) 'The Shining'; repentance, good deeds, piety, abstinence from crime etc.; over 300 ff.
Al-Mawā'iẓ wa-Dhikr al-Mawt 'Warnings and Mention of Death';{{refn|group=n|Title omitted Flügel.}} over 500 ff.
Akhbār al-Muḥtaḍarīn ({{lang|ar|كتاب المحتضرين}}) 'Traditions about Those Near Death'; 100 ff.{{refn|group=n|Or Kitāb Akhbār al-Muḥtaḍirīn ('Traditions about Settled People'); title unclear in Beatty MS of Al-Fihrist.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=294, n.196}}}}
Dhamr al-Ḥujjāb ({{lang|ar|كتاب ذمر الحجاب }}) 'Chiding the Chamberlain';{{refn|group=n|Perhaps al-ḥujjāb 'chamberlains', al-ḥijāb 'curtain', or Kitāb al-Ḥujjāb 'The Chamberlain'.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=294, n.197}}{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1872|p=588}}}} 100 ff.
Shi'r Ḥātim al-Ṭa'ī' ({{lang|ar|كتاب شعر حاتم الطاءى}}) 'Poetry of Ḥātim al-Ṭa'ī'; ca., 100 ff.{{refn|group=n|Ḥātim, poet and chief of the Ṭayy Tribe in the late Jahiliyyah era.}}Iṣbahānī, 1888, Aghānī, XVI, 96.
Akhbār Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit ({{lang|ar|كتاب اخبار ابى حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت}}) 'Traditions of Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit';{{refn|group=n|Or Kitāb Abī Ḥanīfah wa-Aṣḥābihi{{snd}}'Abū Ḥanīfah and His Associates';{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1872|p=588}}}} ca., 500 ff.
Akhbār 'Abd al-Ṣamad ibn al-Mu'adhdhal ({{lang|ar|كتاب اخبار عبد اصمد بن المْعَدَّل}}) 'Traditions of 'Abd al-Ṣamad ibn al-Mu'adhdhal'; ca., 200 ff.
Akhbār Abī 'Abd Allāh ({{lang|ar|كتاب اخرار ابى عبد الله}}) 'Traditions of Abū 'Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ḥamzah al-'Alawī; ca., 100 ff.
Akhbār Mulūk Kindah ({{lang|ar|كتاب اخرار ملوك كندة}}) 'Traditions of the Kings of Kindah'; ca., 200 ff.
Akhbār Abī Tammām ({{lang|ar|كتاب اخرار ابى تمّام}}) Traditions of Abū Tammām; ca., 100 ff.
Akhbār Shu'bah ibn al-Ḥajjāj ({{lang|ar|كتاب اخبار شعبة بن احجاج}}) 'Traditions of Shu'bah ibn al-Ḥajjāj'; ca., 100 ff.
Naskh al-'Uhūd ({{lang|ar|كتاب نسح العهود الى القضاة}}) 'Cancellation of Contracts'; addressed to the judges;{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=295}} ca., 200 ff.}}

=Books about the ''Sawād''{{refn|group=n|Sawād usually meant central and southern Irāq but here could mean the people or the environs. These books are omitted in Flügel edition.{{sfn|Nadīm (al-)|1970|p=295, n. 201}}}}=

An'ān al-Shi'r{{snd}}'Essences of Poetry'; about praise and satire, glory and generosity
Akhbār al-Ajwād{{snd}}'Traditions about the Generous'
Al-Awṣāf{{snd}}'Qualities'
Al-Tashbihāt{{snd}}'Allegories'

Isḥāq al-Nadīm records that 20,000 ff from sources written in al-Marzubānī's handwriting had survived to his day.

Notes

References

Bibliography

{{cite book |last=Baghdādī (al-) |first=Al-Khaṭīb Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn 'Alī |author-link=Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi |title=Ta'rīkh Madīnat al-Salām (Ta'rīkh Baghdād) |place=Beirut |publisher=Dār al-Gharib al-Islāmī |year=2001 |volume=IV, §1426 |pages=227–229 |language=ar |url=https://archive.org/details/WAQtaba}}
{{cite book |last=Brockelmann |first=Carl |author-link=Carl Brockelmann |title=Geschichte der Arabischen Litteratur Supplementband |place=Leiden |publisher=E.J. Brill |year=1937 |volume=I |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.69376/page/n212 190]–1 |language=de |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.69376}}
{{cite book |last=Flügel |first=Gustav |author-link=Gustav Leberecht Flügel |title=Die Grammatischen Schulen der Araber |place=Leipzig |publisher=Brockhaus |year=1862 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/diegrammatischen00fluoft/page/204 204], 244 |language=de |url=https://archive.org/details/diegrammatischen00fluoft}}
{{cite book |last=Ḥajar (Ibn) |first=Abū al-Faḍl Aḥmad ibn 'Alī al-Asqalānī |author-link=Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani |title=Lisān al-Mīzān |place=Hyderabad |publisher=Dā'irat al-Ma'ārif al-Niẓāmīyah |volume=5 parts}}
{{cite book |last='Imād (Ibn al-) |author-link=Ibn al-Imad al-Hanbali |title=Shadharāt al-dhahab fī akhbār man dhahab |editor1-last=Arnaout |editor1-first=Abdul Qadir |editor2-last=Arnaout |editor2-first=Mahmoud |place=Beirut |publisher=Dār Ibn Kathīr |year=1989 |volume=IV |language=ar |pages=444–448 |url=https://archive.org/stream/WAQ8335/shda04#page/n444/mode/2up}}
{{cite book |last=Iṣbahānī |first=Abū al-Faraj |author-link=Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani |year=1888 |title=Kitab al-Aghānī |place=Leiden |publisher=Brill |language=ar |volume=III |pages=122–176 |url=https://archive.org/details/kitabalagani01alib/page/501}}
{{cite book |last=Khallikān (Ibn) |first=Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad |author-link=Ibn Khallikan |title=Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā' Abnā' al-Zamān (The Obituaries of Eminent Men) |translator-last=McGuckin de Slane |translator-first=William |translator-link=William McGuckin de Slane |place=Paris |publisher=Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland |year=1843 |pages=377–379 |volume=I |url=https://archive.org/stream/WafayatAlAyantheObituariesOfEminentMenByIbnKhallikan/Vol1Of4WafayatAl-ayantheObituariesOfEminentMenByIbnKhallikan#page/n415/mode/2up}}
{{cite book |last=Khallikān (Ibn) |first=Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad |author-link=Ibn Khallikan |title=Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā' Abnā' al-Zamān (The Obituaries of Eminent Men) |translator-last=McGuckin de Slane |translator-first=William |translator-link=William McGuckin de Slane |place=Paris |publisher=Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland |year=1868 |pages=67–68 |volume=III |url=https://archive.org/stream/WafayatAlAyantheObituariesOfEminentMenByIbnKhallikan/Vol3Of4WafayatAl-ayantheObituariesOfEminentMenByIbnKhallikan#page/n69/mode/2up}}
{{cite book |last=Khallikān (Ibn) |first=Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad |author-link=Ibn Khallikan |title=Wafayāt al-A'yān wa-Anbā' Abnā' al-Zamān (The Obituaries of Eminent Men) |translator-last=McGuckin de Slane |translator-first=William |translator-link=William McGuckin de Slane |place=Paris |publisher=Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland |year=1871 |pages=409–411 |volume=IV |url=https://archive.org/stream/WafayatAlAyantheObituariesOfEminentMenByIbnKhallikan/Vol4Of4WafayatAl-ayantheObituariesOfEminentMenByIbnKhallikan#page/n427/mode/2up}}
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{{cite book |last=Mas'ūdī (al-) |first=Abū al-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn al-Ḥusayn |author-link=Al-Masudi |title=Kitāb Murūj al-Dhahab wa-Ma'ād in al-Jawhar (Les Prairies d'or) |translator1-last=Meynard (de) |translator1-first=C. barbier |translator2-last=Courteille (de) |translator2-first=Pavet |translator2-link=Abel Pavet de Courteille |place=Paris |publisher=Imprimerie impériale |year=1861 |language=ar, fr |volume=I |page=[https://archive.org/details/lesprairiesdor01masduoft/page/161 161] |url=https://archive.org/details/lesprairiesdor01masduoft}}
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