Ali Mohammed Khan

Ali Muhammad Khan was born around 1707 in a Jat family.{{bulleted |1={{cite book |last1=Sastri |first1=K. A. Nilakanta |last2=Srinivasachari |first2=G. |author1-link=K. A. Nilakanta Sastri |title=Advanced history of India |year=1971 |publisher=Allied Publishers |oclc=976740387 |page=572 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvkgAAAAMAAJ |quote=Ali Muhammad Khan, a converted Jat, built up a large principality with its seat at Aonla, 18 miles north-west of Bareilly city and gained recognition from the Delhi court.}} |2={{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Ishwari |author-link=Ishwari Prasad |title=India in the Eighteenth Century |date=1973 |publisher=Chugh Publications |oclc=732111 |page=152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8CmG2uojMOcC |quote=Daud was an adventurer of considerable ability and warlike spirit and in a short time gathered around himself a large number of followers. Ali Muhammad who was born of Jat parents was brought up by him as a child and converted to Islam.}} |3={{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |author-link=Hari Ram Gupta |title=History of the Sikhs |volume=III: Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire (1764–1803) |year=1999 |orig-year=1980 |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal |isbn=978-81-215-0213-9 |oclc=165428303 |edition=2nd rev. |page=11 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82wwAQAAIAAJ |quote=The real founder of the Rohilla power was Ali Muhammad, from whom sprang the present line of the Nawabs of Rampur. Originally a Hindu Jat, who was taken prisoner when a young boy by Daud in one of his plundering expeditions, at village Bankauli in the parganah of Chaumahla, and was converted to Islam and adopted by him.}} |4={{cite book |last=Prasad |first=Bisheshwar |editor1-last=Banerjee |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Ghosh |editor2-first=D.K. |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume= 9 (1712–1772) |year=1978 |publisher=People's Publishing House |oclc=1405593320 |page=140 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ggduAAAAMAAJ |chapter=Ruhelkhand and Farrukhabad |quote=There he is reported to have captured a Jat boy of about eight years whom he brought up as his son and named Ali Muhammad Khan, who lived to be his successor and the founder of the state of Ruhelkhand.}} |5={{cite book |last=Rashid |first=Abdur |editor-last=Husain |editor-first=Mahmud |display-editors=etal |title=A History of the Freedom Movement |volume=I: 1707–1831 |year=1957 |publisher=Pakistan Historical Society |oclc=1129482853 |page=304 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mo-GvHjoH-cC |chapter=The Rohillas |quote=Amongst other prisoners he obtained a young Jat boy of eight years.¹ Daud took a fancy to him and adopted him as his son and named him 'Ali Muhammad Khan.}} |6={{cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |author-link=Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava |title=The First Two Nawabs of Oudh |year=1954 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co. Ltd. |oclc=678892685 |page=103 |edition=2nd rev. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUQeAAAAIAAJ |quote=While in the service of Mudar Shah of Madhkar, 13 miles east of Chandausi, Daud took part in an expedition against the ruler of Bankauli, 26 miles north of Bareilly, where fell into his hands among other things a handsome Jat boy of seven or eight years of age. He converted the boy into Islam, named him Ali Muhammad Khan and adopted him as his son.}} |7={{cite book |last=Khan |first=Iqbal Ghani |editor-last=Barnett |editor-first=Richard B. |title=Rethinking Early Modern India |year=2002 |publisher=Manohar Publishers & Distributors |isbn=978-81-7304-308-6 |page=271 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jJuAAAAMAAJ |chapter=Technology and the Question of Elite Intervention in Eighteenth-Century North India |quote=Thus we witness the Ruhelas accepting an exceptionally talented non-Afghan, an adopted Jat boy, as their nawab, purely on the basis of his military leadership; ...}}}}{{Efn|Abdur Rashid notes that while the rest of the sources describe him as a Jat, one source states that he was an Ahir.{{Cite book |last=Rashid |first=Abdur |title=History of the Muslims of Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent, 1707-1806 |publisher=Pakistan Research Society |year=1978 |volume=1 |pages=297 |quote=According to the Siyar-ul-Mutakhkhirin⁸ Ali Muhammad Khan was an Ahir by birth. According to others he was of Jat parentage.}} Jos J. L. Gommans also notes that he is mostly described as a Jat or an Ahir in contemporary sources.{{Cite book |last=Gommans |first=Jos J. L.|author-link=Jos Gommans |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-2TH8UYeAaoC&dq=most+of+the+contemporary+sources+call+him+a+jat+or+ahir&pg=PA120 |title=The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire: C. 1710-1780 |date=1995 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-10109-8 |page=120 |language=en |quote="Most of the contemporary sources, however, call him a Jat or an Ahir."}} Iqbal Husain states, "It is acknowledged on all hands that 'Ali Muḥammad Khan was not an Afghan. That he was a Saiyed is at best dubious; that he was a Jat, or of some other local peasant caste is more than probable."{{cite book |last=Husain |first=Iqbal |title=The Ruhela Chieftaincies: The Rise and Fall of Ruhela Power in India in the Eighteenth Century |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-563068-8 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hnRuAAAAMAAJ}}|group=note}} He was among the prisoners taken by Sardar Daud Khan, chief of the Pashtun Barech tribe, during some hostilities with other Zamindars. Daud Khan liked Ali Muhammad and adopted him as his son.{{cite book | last=Irvine | first=W. | title=Later Mughal | publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distri | year=1971 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ak5oFjTys8MC | access-date=2022-07-30 | page=118 | quote= Once Daud was sent against the village of Bankauli, in pargana Chaumahla, with which his employer was at feud. Along with the plunder taken on this occasion Daud obtained possession of a Jat boy seven or eight years of age, whom he caused to be circumcised and then adopted under the name of Ali Muhammad Khan.}} In the 19th century, descendants of Ali Mohammed Khan, specifically the Nawabs of Rampur, made disputed claims that he was a Barha Sayyid and began the usage the title of Sayyid. However, they could not present any pedigree or valid historical proof in the support of this claim. The Nawabs even sought service of a prominent religious leader of Rampur, Najmul Ghani for establishing ancestry from Ali, which was generally rejected.{{cite book |last=Srivastava |first=Ashirbadi Lal |author-link=Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava |title=The First Two Nawabs of Oudh |year=1954 |publisher=Shiva Lal Agarwala & Co. Ltd. |oclc=678892685 |page=103 |edition=2nd rev. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUQeAAAAIAAJ |quote=Contemporary Persian authorities say that Ali Muhammad Khan was of Jat parents. See Gulistan. 7; Abdulkarim, 88b, Ashob, 424; Siyar. II 480, A partisan attempt has, however, been made in modern times to prove that he was a Sayyid. Najmul Ghanl of Rampur has invented a false pedigree of the Khan, tracing it to Muhammad. The Maulvi’s discussion is altogether unconvincing and ridiculous. His object seems to be to prove that the present ruler of Rampur is a Sayyid.}}

According to the Inradus Sa'adat, Ali Muhammad Khan was a Hanafi Muslim belonging to the Qadiri Sufi Order, which was considered by them more with pure Islam than any other mystic order prevailing in India.{{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MGdXAAAAMAAJ&q=Nawab+%27+Ali+Muhammad+Khan+was+Hanafi+Muslim+belonging+to+Qadria+order+of+the+Muslim+sufis+,+which+conforms+more |title=Life of Hafiz Rahmat Khan (Hayat-I-Hafiz Rahmat Khan).|author= Altaf Ali Brelvi |date=1966 |publisher=Academy of Educational Research, All Pakistan Education Conference }}

He succeeded rohilla Sardar Daud Khan and helped develop Rohilkhand into a powerful nation, which became independent in 1721. Ali Muhammad Khan distinguished himself by helping in suppressing the rebellion of the Barah Sayyids under the chief Saifudddin Barha who had put the Mughal governor Marhamat Khan and all of his followers to death.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9jaXsOc-tEC&dq=saif+ali+jansath&pg=PA605 |title= Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-Western Provinces of India: 3.:Meerut division part 2 · Volume 3 |page= 605 |date= 1876 |author= Edwin Thomas Atkinson |publisher= National Central Library of Florence }} As a reward Ali Muhammad Khan was given the title of Nawab by Muhammad Shah in 1737. In 1746, due to an altercation over the collection of wood between the construction workers of Safdar Jang with the forest guards of Ali Muhammad Khan, Safdar Jang decided to eliminate him.{{Cite book|url=https://rekhta.org/ebooks/akhbar-us-sanadeed-volume-001-mohammad-najmul-gani-khan-ebooks|title=Akhbar-us-Sanadeed, vol. 1|last=Khan|first=Muhammad Najm-ul-Ghani|publisher=Munshi Nawal Kishore|year=1918|location=Lucknow|pages=146–152}} Safdar Jang of Oudh informed the Mughal emperor of India Muhammad ShahMuhammad Shah (1702–1748) was a Mughal emperor of India between 1719 and 1748 (ruled 1719–1748), through Qamar-ud-Din Khan about Ali Mohammed Khan's supposed intentions to create his own Sultanate. Mohammed Shah sent an expedition against him, as a result of which he was imprisoned. Later he was pardoned and made governor of Sirhind. After Nadir Shah, the conqueror of Iran, took control of Kabul and sacked Delhi in 1739, Ali Mohammed Khan returned to his homeland and ruled the independent state of Rohilkhand until his death in 1748.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

Faizullah Khan was the second son of Ali Muhammad Khan. He assumed rule of the Rohillas after Nawab Saidullah Khan.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

• Nawab Abdullah Khan first son from wife Marghalari Begum (hailing from Matni tribe)
• Nawab Faizullah Khan second son from wife Marghalari Begum (hailing from Matni tribe)
• Nawab Saadullah Khan from wife Sarah Begum (of Bunerwal)
• Nawab Muhammad Yar Khan son from wife Lado Begum
• Nawab Alah-Yar Khan son from wife Raj Begum - He died of consumption around the same time that his younger brother Murtaza died.
• Murtaza Khan - Disgusted of Hafiz Rehmat Khan's unfair treatment, he left for Secunderabad where he died.
• Shah Begum, daughter, from wife Marghalari Begum (wife of Inayat Khan son of Hafiz Rehmat Khan)
• Niyaz Begum, daughter [and wife of Shah Muhammad Khan brother of Hafiz Rehmat Khan],
• Masoom Begum, daughter, [and wife of Zabita Khan]
• Inayat Begum, daughter, [wife of Bahadur Khan Kamal Zai]
• a daughter, name unknown, who died in childhood and was engaged to a son of Qamar-ud-din Khan{{Cite book|url=https://rekhta.org/ebooks/akhbar-us-sanadeed-volume-001-mohammad-najmul-gani-khan-ebooks|title=Akhbar-us-Sanadeed, vol. 1|last=Khan|first=Mohammad Najm-ul-Ghani Khan|publisher=Munshi Nawal Kishore|year=1918|location=Lucknow|pages=195–196}}

• Rohillas
• Rohilla dynasty
• Muslim Jats

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Category:18th-century Mughal Empire people

Category:Rohilla

Category:History of Uttar Pradesh

Category:Pardon recipients

Category:1706 births

Category:1748 deaths

Category:Nawabs of India

Category:Indian people of Pashtun descent

Category:18th-century Indian Muslims