Allium triquetrum

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}

{{Speciesbox

| name = Three-cornered leek

| status = LC

| status_system = IUCN3.1

| status_ref = {{cite journal|journal=The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species|title=Allium triquetrum|first=D.J.|last=Allan|volume=208|at=e.T172157A136261512.|year=2018|doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T172157A136261512.en|doi-access=free}}

| image = Allium triquetrum01.jpg

| taxon = Allium triquetrum

| parent = Allium subg. Amerallium

| authority = L.

|synonyms =

  • Allium medium G.Don
  • Allium opizii Wolfner
  • Allium triquetrum var. bulbiferum Batt. & Trab.
  • Allium triquetrum f. normale (L.) Maire & Weiller
  • Allium triquetrum var. typicum (L.) Regel
  • Briseis triquetra (L.) Salisb.

|synonyms_ref = {{cite web|url=http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000757618|work=World Flora Online|title=Allium triquetrum L.|access-date=28 May 2023|archive-date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008035313/https://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000757618|url-status=live}}{{cite web|url=http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18401734|work=Tropicos|title=Allium triquetrum L.|access-date=28 May 2023|archive-date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008035241/http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18401734|url-status=live}}

}}

Allium triquetrum is a bulbous flowering plant in the genus Allium native to the Mediterranean basin. It is known in English as three-cornered leek or three-cornered garlic, in Australia as angled onion,{{cite web|url=https://vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/weeds_herbs_perennial_bulbs_angled_onion|publisher=Agriculture Victoria|work=Victorian Resources Online|title=Angled onion (Allium Triquetrum)|access-date=28 May 2023|archive-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528205123/https://vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/weeds_herbs_perennial_bulbs_angled_onion|url-status=live}} and in New Zealand as onion weed.{{cite web|url=https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/allium-triquetrum/|work=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network|title=Allium triquetrum|access-date=28 May 2023|archive-date=28 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528205120/https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/allium-triquetrum/|url-status=live}} Both the English name and the specific epithet triquetrum refer to the three-cornered shape of the flower stalks.{{cite book|title=Plants and their names : a concise dictionary|first1=R.|last1=Hyam|first2=R.J.|last2=Pankhurst|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=18|date=1 April 1995|isbn=978-0198661894}}

Description

Allium triquetrum produces stems {{convert|17|-|60|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} tall, which are concavely triangular in cross-section. Each stem produces an umbel inflorescence of 4–19 flowers during winter and spring.{{cite web|url=http://www.floraiberica.es/floraiberica/texto/borradores/vol_XX/20_183_27_Allium.pdf|work=Flora Iberica|title=Allium L.|editor-first1=C.|editor-last1=Aedo|editor-first2=S.|editor-last2=Castroviejo|display-editors=etal|access-date=4 April 2012|archive-date=5 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705051617/http://www.floraiberica.es/floraiberica/texto/borradores/vol_XX/20_183_27_Allium.pdf|url-status=live}} The tepals are {{convert|10|-|18|mm|in|frac=32|abbr=on}} long and white, but with a "strong green line".{{cite book|title=New Flora of the British Isles|first=Clive A.|last=Stace|author-link=Clive A. Stace|chapter=Allium L. – Onions|edition=2nd|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=936–941|isbn=978-0521707725}} Each plant has two or three narrow, linear leaves, each up to {{convert|15|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} long. The leaves have a distinct onion smell when crushed.

Distribution and habitat

Allium triquetrum is native to south-western Europe, north-western Africa, Madeira, and the Canary Islands, where it grows in meadows, woodland clearings, on river banks, and roadside verges from sea level to an elevation of {{convert|850|m}}. It has also been introduced to Great Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Turkey, Australia, California, Oregon, and South America,{{BONAP|ref|genus=Allium|species=triquetrum}} and is a declared noxious weed in some of those places.{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/food/2023/may/27/squirrel-haggis-and-japanese-knotweed-reach-uk-menus-as-invasive-species-trend-grows|work=The Observer|title=Squirrel haggis and Japanese knotweed reach UK menus as invasive species trend grows|first=Tomé|last=Morissy-Swan|date=27 May 2023|access-date=28 May 2023|archive-date=8 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241008035241/https://www.theguardian.com/food/2023/may/27/squirrel-haggis-and-japanese-knotweed-reach-uk-menus-as-invasive-species-trend-grows|url-status=live}} It has been recorded as an alien at a garden waste site on Howth Head, Ireland.{{cite journal|journal=Irish Naturalists' Journal|title=Invasive non-native and alien garden escape species on the southern cliffs of Howth Head, Co. Dublin (H21)|first1=E.N.|last1=Dhuill|first2=N.|last2=Smyth|year=2021|volume=37|issue=2|page=102-108}}

Culinary uses

thumb

All parts of the plant, from the bulb to the flowers, are edible fresh or cooked.{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/recipes/3345837/Recipes-made-from-natures-supermarket.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=Recipes made from nature's supermarket|first=Xanthe|last=Clay|date=2 October 2008|access-date=28 May 2023|url-access=subscription|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023065528/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/recipes/3345837/Recipes-made-from-natures-supermarket.html|url-status=live}} It can be used in dishes similarly to spring onions and wild onions, as it is similar both morphologically and in taste.{{Cite web |date=2022-09-25 |title=Angled Onion (Allium triquetrum) {{!}} A Beginners Guide to Edible Weeds |url=https://www.selfsufficientculture.com/ams/a-beginners-guide-to-edible-weeds.26/page/angled-onion-allium-triquetrum.35/ |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Self Sufficient Culture |language=en-US}}

References

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