Allothetic
{{refimprove|date=June 2019}}
Allothetic means being centred in people or places other than oneself. It has been defined as a process of "determining and maintaining a course or trajectory from one place to another.{{Cite book|title=The Behavior of the Laboratory Rat: A Handbook with Tests|url=https://archive.org/details/behaviorlaborato00whis|url-access=limited|last=Whishaw|first=Ian|last2=Kolb|first2=Bryan|date=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0195162854|location=Oxford|pages=[https://archive.org/details/behaviorlaborato00whis/page/n408 392], 401}} It can be used as a navigational strategy among animals to aid in their survival. It can also be a source of information for machines, particularly those biologically-inspired models and is provided by a set of laser rangefinders, sonars, or vision.{{Cite book|title=Robotics and Cognitive Approaches to Spatial Mapping|url=https://archive.org/details/springertractsad00ejef|url-access=limited|last=Jefferies|first=Margaret|last2=Yeap|first2=Wai-Kiang|date=2008|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9783540753865|location=Berlin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/springertractsad00ejef/page/n183 175]}}
Allothetic is used in navigation models (e.g., of a rat in a maze) as in the phrase "allothetic map" to indicate that a global map, not orientated or centred on the subject was used, rather than idiothetic, which means a navigation system centred on the subject. Directional information may be sourced from familiar reference points such as the sun, stars, or the Earth's magnetic field.{{Cite book|title=Perceiving in Depth, Volume 3: Other Mechanisms of Depth Perception|last=Howard|first=Ian P.|last2=Rogers|first2=Brian J.|date=2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199764167|pages=319}} Allothetic cues are often employed with idiothetic information to achieve spatial behavior. Their characteristics are complementary such as the way the latter can help address the allothetic information's perceptual aliasing problem, which prevents an animal or a robot from distinguishing two places from each other.{{Cite book|title=From Animals to Animats 7: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Simulation of Adaptive Behavior|url=https://archive.org/details/fromanimalstoani00hall|url-access=limited|last=Hallam|first=Bridget|last2=Floreano|first2=Dario|last3=Hallam|first3=John|last4=Hayes|first4=Gillian|last5=Meyer|first5=Jean-Arcady|date=2002|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=0262582171|location=Cambridge, MA|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fromanimalstoani00hall/page/n136 131]}}