Alonim
{{Short description|Kibbutz in northern Israel}}
{{Infobox Israel village
| name = Alonim
| hebname={{Script/Hebrew|אַלּוֹנִים}}
| altOffSp = Allonim
| pushpin_map=Israel jezreel
| pushpin_mapsize=250
| coordinates = {{coord|32|43|11|N|35|8|38|E|display=inline,title}}
| image= Alonim's Old Dining Room, April 2017.jpg
| caption=
| imgsize= 250
| founded = 26 June 1938
| founded_by = German Jewish Refugees
| council = Jezreel Valley
| district=north
| population = {{Israel populations|Allonim}}
| popyear = {{Israel populations|Year}}
| population_footnotes = {{Israel populations|reference}}
| affiliation = Kibbutz Movement
| website = [http://www.alonim.org.il/ www.alonim.org.il]
}}
Alonim ({{langx|he|אַלּוֹנִים||Oaks}}) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located in the Lower Galilee, it falls under the jurisdiction of Jezreel Valley Regional Council. In {{Israel populations|Year}} the kibbutz had a population of {{Israel populations|Allonim}}.{{Israel populations|reference}}
History
=Ottoman era=
In the Ottoman era, a village called Qusqus, or Kuskus,personal name, or “mince meat”, according to Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/113/mode/1up 113] was situated here. In 1859, the population was given as 100, with 16 feddans of tillage.Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/271/mode/1up 271]
In 1875, Victor Guérin visited, and estimated that the village had 200 inhabitants.Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr01unkngoog#page/n411/mode/1up 398] In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Kuskus as an adobe village in the oak-woods on high ground.
=British Mandate era=
In 1925 a Zionist organisation purchased 30 feddans in Kiskis (present Alonim) and Tabon (present Kiryat Tiv'on) from the Sursuk family of Beirut. At the time, there were 36 families living there.according to [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/ShawSursockTable.png List of villages sold by Sursocks and their partners to the Zionists since British occupation of Palestine], evidence to the Shaw Commission, 1930 From 1931, and lasting several years, the Jewish Agency struggled to evict the tenant farmers from Qusqus, from the land which was to become Alonim.Avneri, 1984, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8Teb4dKHQcoC&pg=PA156 156-7]
The kibbutz was established on 26 June 1938 as part of the tower and stockade settlement project.[https://segulamag.com/en/today_event/2451/ Kibbutz Alonim Founded by Ha-Shomer Youth]
During the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine, Alonim was frequently attacked and three of its members were killed. It began as an orchard and dairy farm, and manufactured flutes, which were popular with Israeli children.
By 1945, al Tivon (Alonim) (previously Qusqus Taboun) had 370 Muslim and 320 Jewish inhabitants, with a total land area of 5,823 dunams.Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p15.jpg 15]Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Haifa/Page-049.jpg 49] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924150251/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Haifa/Page-049.jpg |date=2015-09-24 }} Of this land, 141 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 2,038 for cereals,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Haifa/Page-092.jpg 92] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151451/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Haifa/Page-092.jpg |date=2015-09-24 }} while 3,644 dunams were classified as non-cultivable land.Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Haifa/Page-142.jpg 142] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602172103/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Haifa/Page-142.jpg |date=2015-06-02 }}
In 1947, Alonim had a population of over 450.
File:אלונים - עלית קבוצת אלונים על אדמת קוסקוס.-JNF037082.jpeg|Alonim 1938. Arrival of colonists
File:עליית קבוצת אלונים על אדמת קוסקוס-טבעון-JNF016714.jpeg|Alonim under construction, June 1938
File:מגדל שמירה באלונים בעמק יזרעאל-JNF022314.jpeg|Alonim, a watchtower, 1938
File:מגדל ביטחון באלונים-JNF022308.jpeg|Alomin, a watchtower, 1939
File:אלונים - מראה-JNF033700.jpeg|Alonim, 1945
=State of Israel=
The Israel National Arabian Horse Show is an annual event held at Kibbutz Alonim.[https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israelis-and-Palestinians-unite-over-horses-469770 Israelis and Palestinians unite over horses], The Jerusalem Post As one of its economic branches, the kibbutz operates chicken coops in partnership with Kibbutz Hannaton.[https://www.nbn.org.il/aliyahpedia/community-housing-aliyahpedia/community-profiles/kibbutz-hannaton/ Nefesh B'Nefesh: Kibbutz Hannaton]
References
{{reflist}}
Bibliography
{{refbegin}}
- {{cite book|title=The Claim of Dispossession: Jewish Land-settlement and the Arabs, 1878-1948|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Teb4dKHQcoC |first=Arieh L. |last=Avneri |year=1984 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=0-87855-964-7}}
- {{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1882|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp02conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund|volume=2}}
- {{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher=Government of Palestine}}
- {{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlink=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr01unkngoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 1|year=1880|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}}
- {{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|authorlink=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center|access-date=2015-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|archive-date=2018-12-08|url-status=dead}}
- {{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|authorlink=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund}}
{{refend}}
External links
- [http://www.alonim.org.il/ Kibbutz website] {{in lang|he}}
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 5: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8368 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.05.jpg Wikimedia commons]
{{Jezreel Valley Regional Council}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Populated places established in 1938