Amal language
{{Short description|Sepik language spoken in Papua New Guinea}}
{{about|the natural language|the AMOS Animation Language|AMOS (programming language)#History}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Amal
|region=Sandaun Province and East Sepik Province
|speakers=830
|date=2003
|ref=e25
|familycolor=Papuan
|fam1=Sepik
|fam2=Upper Sepik
|fam3=Amal–Kalou
|iso3=aad
|glotto=amal1242
|glottorefname=Amal
}}
Amal is a language spoken along the border of Sandaun Province and East Sepik Province, Papua New Guinea, along the Wagana River near the confluence with Wanibe Creek. Foley (2018) classifies Amal as a primary branch of the Sepik languages, though it is quite close to Kalou.
Pronouns
:
| {{table}}
|+ Amal pronouns ! !! sg !! pl |
| 1
| ŋan || nut |
|---|
| 2
| in || kun |
| 3
| may || ilum |
Cognates
Amal cognates with Sepik languages are:
- tal ‘woman’
- yan ‘child’
- lal ‘tongue’ < proto-Sepik *ta(w)r
- mi ‘breast’ < proto-Sepik *muk
- waplo ‘liver’
- nip ‘blood’
- yen ‘egg’
- ak ‘house’
Foley (2018) notes that there appears to be somewhat more lexical similarities between Amal and the Tama languages, but does not consider them to form a group with each other.
Vocabulary
The following basic vocabulary words of Amal are from Laycock (1968),Laycock, Donald C. 1968. Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea. Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66. as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:{{Cite web |url=http://transnewguinea.org/language/amal |title=TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea |last=Greenhill |first=Simon |date=2016| access-date=2020-11-05}}
:
| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Amal |
| head
| makələ |
|---|
| ear
| marj |
| eye
| nai |
| nose
| yimeʔ |
| tooth
| pu |
| tongue
| lal |
| leg
| lü |
| louse
| ŋin |
| dog
| wun |
| bird
| yok |
| egg
| yen |
| blood
| niːp |
| bone
| nəŋolak |
| skin
| puːk |
| breast
| m |
| tree
| piːt |
| man
| wul |
| woman
| tal |
| sun
| mwak |
| moon
| yimal |
| water
| iːp |
| fire
| waː |
| stone
| tipal |
| two
| kila |
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Sepik languages}}
{{Languages of Papua New Guinea}}
Category:Yellow–Wanibe languages