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American robotics

{{Short description|none}}

File:ATHLETE (robot).jpg's ATHLETE hexapod]]

Robots of the United States include simple household robots such as Roomba to sophisticated autonomous aircraft such as the MQ-9 Reaper that cost 18 million dollars per unit.[http://www.xconomy.com/boston/2007/08/22/reminiscing-on-the-roomba/ Reminiscing on the Roomba][http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htairfo/articles/20080811.aspx The Rise Of The Droids] The first industrial robot, robot company, and exoskeletons as well as the first dynamically balancing, organic, and nanoscale robots originate from the United States.{{cite book

| last = Nof

| first = Shimon Y.

| authorlink = Shimon Y. Nof

| title = Handbook of Industrial Robotics

| edition = 2nd

| year = 1999

| publisher = John Wiley & Sons

| pages = 3–5

| isbn = 978-0-471-17783-8 }}

[http://www.capitalcentury.com/1961.html 1961: The First Robot][http://www.popsci.com/node/20670 A Brief History of Exoskeletons][http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?type=article&article_id=218392303 Smallest Robot] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209021955/http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?type=article&article_id=218392303 |date=December 9, 2008 }}

History

File:Televox and R. J. Wensley 1928.jpg

In 1898 Nikola Tesla publicly demonstrated a radio-controlled torpedo.{{cite book | author=Cheney, Margaret | title=Tesla, man out of time | year=1989 | publisher=Dorset Press | location=New York | isbn=978-0-88029-419-5 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/teslamanoutoftim00chen }} Based on patents for "teleautomation", Tesla hoped to develop it into a weapon system for the US Navy.{{cite patent|country=US|number=613809|pubdate=1898-11-08|title=Method of and apparatus for controlling mechanism of moving vessels or vehicles|inventor1-last=Tesla|inventor1-first=Nikola}}{{cite web |publisher=PBS.org |url=https://www.pbs.org/tesla |title=Tesla - Master of Lightning |accessdate=2008-09-24| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080928061709/http://www.pbs.org/tesla| archivedate= 28 September 2008 | url-status= live}}

In 1926, Westinghouse Electric Corporation created Televox, the first robot put to useful work. In the 1930s, they created a humanoid robot known as Elektro for exhibition purposes, including the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs.{{cite web|url=http://www.freetimes.com/stories/13/35/robot-dreams-the-strange-tale-of-a-mans-quest-to-rebuild-his-mechanical-childhood-friend |publisher=The Cleveland Free Times |title=Robot Dreams : The Strange Tale Of A Man's Quest To Rebuild His Mechanical Childhood Friend |accessdate=2008-09-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023054926/http://www.freetimes.com/stories/13/35/robot-dreams-the-strange-tale-of-a-mans-quest-to-rebuild-his-mechanical-childhood-friend |archivedate=October 23, 2007 }}{{cite book |title=Robots of Westinghouse: 1924-Today |author=Scott Schaut |publisher=Mansfield Memorial Museum |year=2006}}

Unimate was the first industrial robot,

which worked on a General Motors assembly line in New Jersey in 1961.[http://world-information.org/wio/infostructure/100437611663/100438659325 1961: Installation of the First Industrial Robot]{{cite book |last=Menzel |first=Peter |authorlink=Peter Menzel |author2=Faith D'Aluisio |title=Robo sapiens: evolution of a new species |url=https://archive.org/details/robosapiens00pete |url-access=registration |pages=[https://archive.org/details/robosapiens00pete/page/186 186–189] |year=2000 |publisher=The MIT Press |isbn=978-0-262-13382-1 }}

It was created by George Devol in the 1950s using his original patents. Devol, together with Joseph F. Engelberger started Unimation, the world's first robot manufacturing company.

In 2008 the U.S. Air Force 174th Fighter Wing transitioned from F-16 piloted planes to MQ-9 Reaper drones, which are capable remote controlled or autonomous flight, becoming the first all-robot attack squadron.[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/mq-9.htm MQ-9 Reaper][http://www.airforcetimes.com/news/2007/07/ap_reaper_070715/ Unmanned Reapers bound for Iraq, Afghanistan]

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Modern robots

File:Roomba original.jpg]]

File:Opportunity Lander Petals PIA04848.jpg]]

File:Laproscopic Surgery Robot.jpg]]

File:RQ-8A Fire Scout.jpg]]

File:MQ-9 Reaper in flight (2007).jpg]]

File:Foster-Miller TALON SWORDS.jpg]]

=Domestic=

{{Main|Domestic robot}}

=Entertainment=

=Extraterrestrial=

=Medical=

{{Main|Robotic surgery}}

=Military (offensive/multi-role)=

{{Main|Military robot}}

==Aerial==

==Terrestrial==

=Military (non-offensive)=

==Aerial==

==Terrestrial==

=Nanoscale=

{{Main|Nanorobotics}}

  • New York University walking DNA robot [https://web.archive.org/web/20081209021955/http://www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?type=article&article_id=218392303 Smallest Robot: Science Videos - Science News - ScienCentral]

=Walker=

{{Main|Walker (machine)}}

Non-autonomous (human operated)

These machines are human operated and not autonomous. Therefore, they do fit the classical description of a robot.

=Exoskeleton=

{{Main|Powered exoskeleton}}

  • Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton
  • Sarcos/Raytheon XOS Exoskeleton, currently the most advanced exoskeleton, research for the XOS is funded by DARPA and NIST for use in the military and to "replace the wheelchair".[http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2008-04/building-real-iron-man?page=1 Building the Real Iron Man][http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2008-04/building-real-iron-man?page=4 Building the Real Iron Man]

=Military=

Research

  • Tufts University morphing chemical robot [http://www.physorg.com/news134043071.html Tufts to develop morphing 'chemical robots']

Software

{{Main|Robotics suite}}

American robotics companies

See also

References

{{reflist}}

External links

{{Robotics}}

  • http://www.shadowrobot.com/

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