American rosefinch
{{short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = American rosefinches
| image = House-finch-male.jpeg
| image_caption = House finch (Haemorhous mexicanus)
| taxon = Haemorhous
| authority = Swainson, 1837
| type_species = Fringilla purpurea{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=196 |title= Fringillidae |author= |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-16}}
| type_species_authority = Gmelin, 1789
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
}}
The American rosefinches that form the genus Haemorhous are a group of passerine birds in the finch family Fringillidae. As the name implies ("haemo" means "blood" in Greek), various shades of red are characteristic plumage colors of this group. They are found throughout the North American continent.
The genus is not closely related to the Carpodacus rosefinches that are found in Europe and Asia.{{cite journal | last1=Zuccon | first1=Dario | last2=Prŷs-Jones | first2=Robert | last3=Rasmussen | first3=Pamela C. | last4=Ericson | first4=Per G.P. | year=2012 | title=The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae) | journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume=62 | issue=2 | pages=581–596 | doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.002 | url=http://www.nrm.se/download/18.9ff3752132fdaeccb6800010935/Zuccon%20et%20al%202012.pdf | pmid=22023825}}
Systematics
There have been a number of rosefinch radiations. One of the first to split off were the ancestors of the North American species and diverged in the Middle Miocene (about 14–12 mya) from the proto-rosefinches.{{Cite journal | last = Banks | first = Richard C. |author2=Browning, M. Ralph | title = Comments on the Status of Revived Old Names for Some North American Birds | journal = The Auk | volume = 112 | issue = 3 | pages = 633–648 | publisher = University of California Press | location = Berkeley, California | date = July 1995 | jstor=4088679 | url=http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v112n03/p0633-p0648.pdf}}
Within the genus the House Finch is the outgroup, meaning the Purple and Cassin's finches are more closely related to one another than either is to the House Finch.{{Cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Brian Tilston |last2=Bryson |first2=Robert W. |last3=Chua |first3=Vivien |last4=Africa |first4=Lia |last5=Klicka |first5=John |date=2013-03-01 |title=Speciational history of North American Haemorhous finches (Aves: Fringillidae) inferred from multilocus data |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790312004678 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=1055–1059 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.016 |pmid=23219607 |issn=1055-7903}}
Species
The genus contains three species:{{cite journal | last= Chesser | first = R. Terry | year = 2012 | title = Fifty-third Supplement to the American Ornithologists' Union Check-list of North American Birds | journal = The Auk | volume= 129 | issue = 3 | pages = 573–588 | url = http://www.aou.org/auk/content/129/3/0573-0588.pdf | accessdate = 2012-07-18 | author2 = Banks, Richard C. | author3 = Barker, F. Keith | doi = 10.1525/auk.2012.129.3.573| s2cid = 198159113 }}{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | title=Finches, euphonias | work= World Bird List Version 5.2| url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/finches/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union| accessdate=5 June 2015 }}
{{Species table |genus= Haemorhous |authority-name=Swainson|authority-year= 1837 |species-count=two|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}
{{Species table/row
|name= Cassin's finch|binomial=Haemorhous cassinii
|image=File:Cassin's Finch (male).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Cassin's Finch (female).jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Baird|authority-year=1854 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= western North America as far south as northern New Mexico and Arizona; also Southern California near Baja California.
|range-image=File:Carpodacus cassinii map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/row
|name= Purple finch|binomial=Haemorhous purpureus
|image=File:Carpodacus purpureus CT2.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Carpodacus purpureus female.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Gmelin|authority-year= 1789 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Canada and the northeastern United States
|range-image=File:Carpodacus purpureus map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=Two subspecies |bullets=on
| H. p. purpureus (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
| H. p. californicus (Baird, SF, 1858)
}}
}}
{{Species table/row
|name=House finch |binomial=Haemorhous mexicanus
|image=File:House Finch (32847677535).jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:House finch female.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Müller|authority-year= 1776 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= North America from southern Canada to the Mexican state of Oaxaca
|range-image=File:Carpodacus mexicanus map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}
{{Species table/end}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{Passeroidea|N.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4745530}}